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1.
目的 探讨采用Identifiler系统进行全同胞关系判定时共有等位基因数(IAN)和全相同基因座数(A2)的标准.方法 依据IAN和A2的有限分布,将IAN的31种取值代入已建立的判别函数,获得判定全同胞时IAN和A2的阈值,据此确定4种标准,对经Identifiler系统分型的280对全同胞和2003对无关个体对进...  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨Y染色体微缺失和突变时,两男性个体间的全同胞关系鉴定。方法提取两样本DNA,检测Y-STR分型及常染色体STR分型,通过IBS法、ITO法及全同胞-无关个体判别函数法计算两个体间的全同胞关系。结果 33个Y-STR基因座中有2个基因座存在突变,其中一样本存在19个基因座的缺失。两样本IBS为53,大于阈值42;累积全同胞关系指数为1.36×10~(16),远远大于19;全同胞-无关个体判别函数D_(FS2)D_(R2)。因此倾向于认为两个体为全同胞。结论对于Y染色体微缺失和突变需要进行父系鉴定的情况,可以综合应用IBS法、ITO法以及全同胞-无关个体判别函数法以得出更为可靠的鉴定意见。  相似文献   

3.
目的通过对1例半同胞亲缘关系的检验,探讨多种遗传标记在同父异母半同胞关系鉴定中的应用。方法分别使用39个常色体STR遗传标记、23个Y染色体STR遗传标记、12个X染色体STR遗传标记对赵3、赵4、赵5与赵1、赵2是否为半同胞亲缘关系进行检验。结果依据常染色体、Y染色体及X染色体STR的分型结果,采用家系基因型重建的方法可以推断出赵4(可疑半同胞)与赵1、赵2之间系无关个体,支持赵3(可疑半同胞)、赵5(可疑半同胞)与赵1、赵2为同父异母半同胞关系。结论对于同父异母的半同胞鉴定,综合应用多种遗传标记,并采用家系基因型重建的方法进行分析可获得较为可靠的鉴定意见,仅使用ITO法计算半同胞指数或判别函数法分析则难以提供可靠的鉴定意见。  相似文献   

4.
茚三酮薰显法在人体接触细胞发现采集中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 研究茚三酮薰显法在人体接触细胞发现采集中的应用价值.方法 对衣服、口罩、棍棒等可疑人体接触细胞检材258份,采用1%茚三酮溶液进行显色反应,然后用磁珠法提取DNA,并进行DNA定量和STR检测.结果 可疑人体接触细胞检材中有172份显色反应阳性,其中115份检出的DNA浓度在0.02ng/μL以上并检出6个以上STR基因座的基因型,检出率为66.86%;显色反应阴性的86份检材均未检出DNA浓度或成功进行STR基因型.结论 茚三酮薰显技术可用于指导案件人体接触细胞的发现采集.  相似文献   

5.
17个Y-STR位点复合扩增检测在半同胞关系鉴定中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
人类Y染色体STR基因座以其独特的优势在法医学实践中发挥着日益重要的作用。各种成熟的Y-STR分型试剂盒也不断被开发出来。本文结合实际案例对Yfiler商品化试剂盒进行了应用和验证。该试剂盒可以检测17个Y-STR位点并在一个管内实现复合扩增。  相似文献   

6.
Zhao SM  Zhang SH  Que TZ  Zhao ZM  Lin Y  Li L  Li CT 《法医学杂志》2011,27(5):330-333
目的 介绍仅有两名被鉴定人时二者间常见亲缘关系指数的统一算法.方法 以ITO法计算二联体亲权指数(paternity index in duos,PID)、全同胞指数(full sibling index,FSI)、半同胞指数(half sibling index,HSI)、叔侄指数(avuncular index,A...  相似文献   

7.
Lu HL  Sun HY  Ou XL  Lü DJ  Zhang YQ  Chen LX 《法医学杂志》2011,27(6):421-424
目的 介绍计算叔侄指数的方法. 方法 常染色体STR基因座鉴定争议叔与孩子的叔侄关系.用引入血缘一致性系数法、引入共祖系数法和AI定律计算叔侄指数.结果 引入血缘一致性系数法、引入共祖系数法以及AI定律计算叔侄指数的结果一致. 结论 不同情形下3种方法计算叔侄指数的结果一致,孩子母亲参与鉴定计算所得的叔侄指数往往比孩子...  相似文献   

8.
    
Backspatter from wounds caused by contact shots against a biological target had before been shown to be propelled into firearms' barrels where they can persist and be retrieved from as relevant forensic evidence. Herein, that insight was applied to the investigation of a case of multiple familial homicide with a firearm. Samples of backspatter were collected from the firearm using DNA‐free swabs. DNA was extracted from the swabs, and 16 STR systems were PCR‐amplified to generate DNA profiles of all victims shot by the firearm. The quality of the resulting DNA profiles was sufficient to exclude the perpetrator as donor and to differentiate the three closely related victims thereby proving that all three victims had been shot by the same firearm from very close or contact distance. A key insight gained from this case was that not only a firearms' barrel inside but other inner surfaces may be charged with profilable DNA.  相似文献   

9.
    
During forensic facial reconstruction, facial features may be predicted based on the parameters of the skull. This study evaluated the relationships between alar cartilage and piriform aperture and nose morphology and facial typology. Ninety‐six cone beam computed tomography images of Brazilian subjects (49 males and 47 females) were used in this study. OsiriX software was used to perform the following measurements: nasal width, distance between alar base insertion points, lower width of the piriform aperture, and upper width of the piriform aperture. Nasal width was associated with the lower width of the piriform aperture, sex, skeletal vertical pattern of the face, and age. The current study contributes to the improvement of forensic facial guides by identifying the relationships between the alar cartilages and characteristics of the biological profile of members of a population that has been little studied thus far.  相似文献   

10.
目的研究X染色体STR在法医学亲权鉴定中的应用。方法利用荧光标记引物复合PCR技术,在同一反应管中同时检测DXS6801、DXS9902、DXS6809、DXS6803、DXS6804和DXS67996个X-STR基因座,采用3100遗传分析仪电泳和GeneMapper IDv 3.1软件进行基因分型。结果本体系同时分析6个X-STR基因座,结果清晰,灵敏度高,重复性好。结论本研究的6个X-STR基因座复合扩增体系,在法医学个体识别特别是女性的亲权鉴定中有重要应用价值。  相似文献   

11.
依据共有STR基因座数判别全同胞关系   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2  
目的建立并探讨基于共有STR基因座数的全同胞关系判别方法。方法根据280对全同胞(fullsibling,FS)及2 003对无关个体(unrelated individual,UI)Identifiler系统15个STR基因座的分型结果,采用计数法计算全不同基因座数(A0)、半相同基因座数(A1)和全相同基因座数(A2),依据ITO法计算每对受试者的全同胞指数(FSI),应用判别分析得出基于共有基因座数或FSI进行全同胞及无关个体关系判别的Fisher判别函数,并比较其判别效能。结果全同胞对中的A1、A2和无关个体对中的A0、A1均呈正态分布,全同胞对中的A0和无关个体对中的A2均呈偏态分布。A1在两组人群中的分布差异无统计学意义(P〉0.01)。同时采用A0和A2建立的全同胞及无关个体关系的判别函数分别为ZFS=0.99817A0+4.24442A2-12.77970和ZUI=2.014 56 A0+1.546 58 A2-7.280 76。采用上述判别函数进行全同胞及无关个体关系判别的平均错判率为0.049 0。上述判别函数的判别效能与基于FSI的判别函数的判别效能差异无统计学意义。结论可以采用Identifiler系统的共有基因座数进行全同胞及无关个体关系的判别,所建立的判别公式的判别效能与经典ITO法相近。  相似文献   

12.
ITO法和判别函数法在同胞关系鉴定中的应用   总被引:3,自引:7,他引:3  
目的探讨ITO法和判别函数法在全同胞、半同胞关系鉴定中的应用价值。方法根据500对全同胞、50对半同胞及500对无关个体的15个STR基因座(PowerPlex^TM 16体系)的分型结果,采用ITO法分别计算全同胞关系指数(FSI)、半同胞关系指数(HSI)及其比值(FSI:HSI)。比较三组配对个体的等位基因匹配情况,计算分型结果全不同的基因座数(x0)、半相同的基因座数(x1)和完全相同的基因座数(x2),利用SPSS 13.0分析软件建立全同胞、半同胞和无关个体的判别函数。结果(1)以FSI≥19、FSI〈1作为全同胞与无关个体的判别标准,交互准确率为96.4%;以HSI≥19、HSI〈I作为半同胞与无关个体的判别标准,交互准确率为85.3%;以FSI:HSI≥1、FSI:HSI〈1作为全同胞与半同胞的判别标准,交互准确率为87.5%。(2)分别建立了全同胞-半同胞-无关个体、全同胞-无关个体、半同胞-无关个体、全同胞-半同胞4组判别函数.判别函数交互准确率为84.4%~97.7%,其中同胞-无关个体判别准确率最高。结论ITO法与判别函数法在全同胞、半同胞鉴定中均具有较高的应用价值。  相似文献   

13.
    
This study examines two recently proposed methods for predicting nose projection from the skull, those developed by Stephan et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 122, 2003, 240) and Rynn et al. (Forensic Sci Med Pathol 6, 2010, 20). A sample of 86 lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from Central Europe was measured, and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. Regarding nose projection (the anterior and vertical position of the pronasale), in general, the method of Rynn et al. (Forensic Sci Med Pathol 6, 2010, 20) was found to perform better and with less error variance than the method of Stephan et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 122, 2003, 240), but the mean difference between the actual and predicted values did not exceed 2.2 mm (6.5% of the actual dimension) in most of the variables tested. The vertical dimensions of the nose were predictable with greater accuracy than the horizontal dimensions. Although the mean error of both methods is not great in practice and thus both methods could be considered to be “accurate,” the real variance of error should not be overlooked.  相似文献   

14.
目的介绍一种亲权指数(paternity index,PI)计算的新方法。方法假定亲代的等位基因都要经过一个转变的过程才发生分离并遗传给子代。每个亲代的等位基因与子代相同时,其转变概率为1;当不相同时,其转变概率为0。且每个亲代的等位基因都有1/2的机会遗传给子代。据此,可以计算出孩子从争议父或母亲获得等位基因的概率。而随机男子提供等位基因给孩子的概率为等位基因频率。相应地算出PI值公式中的分子(X)和分母(Y)值。结果推导得到了一个能够计算三联体、二联体和失踪孩子案PI值的通用计算公式。结论本PI计算公式在亲子鉴定PI值计算上具有实用价值。  相似文献   

15.
    
In the forensic science community, microRNA (miRNA) profiling has started to be explored as an alternative tool for body fluid identification. Several origins of body fluid can be distinguished by measuring differential expression patterns of particular miRNAs. However, most of reported saliva miRNAs are nonoverlapping and debatable. The aim of this study was to develop a strategy of identifying saliva using miRNA biomarkers for forensic purpose. Eight miRNA candidates were selected to examine expression abundance in forensically relevant body fluids using hydrolysis probes quantitative real‐time PCR (TaqMan qPCR). Results revealed that none of them was truly saliva specific, and only miR‐200c‐3p, miR‐203a, and miR‐205‐5p were higher or more moderate expression in saliva. A stepwise strategy that combines each of three miRNAs with different body fluid‐specific miRNAs was developed, and three miRNA combinations could effectively differentiate saliva from other body fluids.  相似文献   

16.
Attachment theory is one of the earliest and most vigorously promoted explanations of the psychological processes that underlie stalking behavior. Insecure attachment has been proposed as impairing the management of relationships, thus increasing the propensity to stalk. The current study explored the parental bonding and adult attachment styles of 122 stalkers referred to a specialist forensic clinic. Stalkers were grouped according to two common classification methods: relationship and motivation. Compared to general community samples, stalkers were more likely to remember their parents as emotionally neglectful and have insecure adult attachment styles, with the degree of divergence varying according to stalker type and mode of classification. In offering support for the theoretical proposition that stalking evolves from pathological attachment, these findings highlight the need to consider attachment in the assessment and management of stalkers. Also emphasized is the importance of taking classification methods into account when interpreting and evaluating stalking research.  相似文献   

17.
采用STR和SNP遗传标记鉴定全同胞姐妹关系   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 通过对常染色体和X染色体遗传标记的检测,探讨全同胞姐妹关系的鉴定策略.方法 提取姐妹个体的DNA,采用SinofileTM试剂盒检验常染色体上的15个STR基因座、采用Mentype(R) Argus X-8试剂盒和多重X染色体STR检测试剂盒检验X染色体上的17个STR基因座,同时采用TaqMan技术对11个X-SNP位点进行分型检测.结果 依据常染色体STR基因座的检测结果计算全同胞指数,不排除被检个体的同胞姐妹关系:X染色体上各个STR基因座和SNP位点均检见1~2个相同的等位基因,进一步支持被检个体的同胞姐妹关系.结论 对于全同胞姐妹关系的鉴定案例,除了检测常染色体STR基因座外,还可以从X染色体上选择多态性遗传标记进行检测,获得更多的遗传信息.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract:  We consider a hypothetical series of cases in which the DNA profile of a crime-scene sample is found to match a known profile in a DNA database (i.e., a "cold hit"), resulting in the identification of a suspect based only on genetic evidence. We show that the average probability that there is another person in the population whose profile matches the crime-scene sample but who is not in the database is approximately 2( N  −  d ) p A , where N is the number of individuals in the population, d is the number of profiles in the database, and p A is the average match probability (AMP) for the population. The AMP is estimated by computing the average of the probabilities that two individuals in the population have the same profile. We show further that if a priori each individual in the population is equally likely to have left the crime-scene sample, then the average probability that the database search attributes the crime-scene sample to a wrong person is ( N  −  d ) p A .  相似文献   

19.
DNA extraction from and DNA typing of fresh water-exposed aged bone specimens poses a challenging task and is not very well examined. This study presents a new method to extract typable DNA from such problematic bone specimens. The procedure comprises low-heat drilling and cryogrinding, mild lysis conditions, and silica-column-based DNA cleaning. DNA quantity is assessed by quantitative PCR prior to short tandem repeat (STR) amplification. The procedure was employed with a 67-year-old tibia bone fragment recovered from a fresh water lake and succeeded to produce a full STR profile using the MPX-SP1 and MPX-SP2 mini-STR kits and a partial profile with 12 successfully amplified STRs using the Identifiler STR kit. The new method for the extraction of DNA from aged fresh water-exposed bone specimens presented herein was successfully applied to prepare DNA of sufficient quality and quantity to generate a full STR profile.  相似文献   

20.
    
This study verified the difference between two methods of forensic facial approximation (FFA) regarding recognition and resemblance rates. Three‐dimensional models of skulls were obtained from computerized tomography (CT) scans of two subjects (targets). Two manual FFAs were performed for each target, by applying two different guidelines for the facial structures (what we called “American method” (AM) and “Combined method” (CM)). Unfamiliar assessors evaluated the sculptures by recognition and resemblance tests. The AM was that which allowed more correct responses of recognition and higher resemblance's scores for the male target (p < 0.001). Regarding guidelines for modeling characteristics of the face, the ones that are practical and easily performed for sculptures, such as the length of the anterior nasal spine multiplied by 3 for nose prediction, may offer better results in terms of resemblance.  相似文献   

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