我国最低生活保障制度的伦理缺陷

我国最低生活保障制度在实施过程中还存在许多伦理缺陷:从救济对象看存在歧视性,占我国人口三分之二以上的农民无缘享受最低生活保障,农村进城务工人员也遭受歧视;从实施理念看,传统救济"三无"对象的情结难解,恩赐思想仍有市场;从救助方式看,在救济对象的认定过程中,选择标准苛刻,无视救济对象的权利,实施过程缺乏人文关怀.这些伦理缺陷如果得不到解决,将影响我国最低生活保障制度的顺利实施,不利于我国社会公正的实现.     

论公司对外担保中的中小股东保护——以我国现行《公司法》的规定为视角

中小股东的弱势地位决定了其容易因为公司提供对外担保而遭受利益损害,因此如何在公司对外担保中给予中小股东有效保护就成为了一个重要课题。我国2005年修订的《公司法》重新规定了公司对外担保制度,对公司的担保能力进行了必要限制,以保护中小股东利益。     

论社会保障制度中的可诉性公法权利

现代社会保障制度区别与传统的济贫制度和慈善制度的重要特征是其赋予了公民可根据法律向国家主张的、可诉性的公法权利。由于国家的给付行为与政治决策程序紧密相关,从宪法社会保障条款不能直接推导出向国家社会保障机构请求社会保障给付的请求权。但从宪法基本权中衍生出的最低生存保障请求权和平等社会保障请求权具有理论和实践的正当性,它们和社会保障基本法中规定的程序性权利、具体的社会保障法律中规定的各种具体的社会保障请求权一起,共同构成社会保障制度中的可诉性的公法权利体系。     

论公安机关在突发事件处理中与媒体的沟通

当前,我国正处于经济转轨和社会转型的关键时期,种种因素引发的社会矛盾和社会问题日益凸显,由此引发了一些突发事件.公安机关因其自身所具有的国家强制性等特点,在应对、管理、处置突发事件过程中占有重要地位.本文从突发事件处理过程中公安机关与媒体关系的现状、良好合作的重要性和公安机关应采取的沟通方法三个方面展开论述,以期充分发挥媒体的正面导向功能,更好地维护社会稳定.     

和谐社会中的养老保障公平问题探究

社会保障是社会稳定的"安全网"、经济运行的"调节器",是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容,而公平是社会保障的灵魂。公平包括代内公平和代际公平,公平的缺失会导致福利的损失。这就要求我国的养老社会保障改革必须以公平为核心,建立长效机制。     

Why the Kuzbass Mines Are Closing

An incident at the bus station: the Kemerovo-Prokop'evsk bus was ready to leave. The ticket-taker had wished us a pleasant journey and was about to leave the platform when the woman on duty, wearing a red headband, turned to her and said:

"Stepanovna, a miner from another line is late changing buses; you should take him."     

边疆民族地区财政保障法制化研究

当前，我国正处于急剧的社会转型期，边疆民族地区大多地处偏远山区，自然条件恶劣，交通信息不便，基础设施落后，生产力水平很低，经济发展很落后，表现在财政上，就是财政基础薄弱，收不抵支，再加上国家对边疆民族地区的优惠政策在实施中存在不足之处，容易引起民族群众的误解，产生不公平感，久而久之，积怨加深就会引发群体性事件。因此，我们应该依法保障边疆民族地区财政，为预防和处置群体性事件提供坚实基础。     

论交易安全视野下的夫妻日常家事代理权

交易安全是民事法律制度的一个重要价值衡量标准,夫妻日常家事代理权也体现着这一价值功能,夫妻日常家事代理权是一种法定代理权,有其特殊的适用范围和行使限制,夫妻日常家事代理权与交易安全的契合,体现了民法上财产法社会本位的法律理念。     

论保安服务市场法制建设中的双重监管体制

我国<保安服务管理条例>的颁行是我国保安服务市场法制建设中的一项重要成果.但是,该条例在该市场监管体制方面的某些缺失却很可能导致该市场监管出现制度性缺陷.     

Judicial Responses to Bright Line Rules in Social Security: In Search of Principle

This article considers judicial responses to the use of 'bright line' rules in social security law. It analyses, within the framework of judicial deference, the receptiveness of the judiciary to an argument by the executive that a rule is justified as being administratively convenient to operate. The article questions the proposition that the judiciary is at its most deferential when complex issues of socio-economic policy or resource allocation are raised in the context of social security law. A contrast is drawn between cases involving an issue of statutory interpretation and those applying a proportionality test. The article tests the presumption that a difference in approach should be discernable in these two situations. It concludes by criticising the courts for failing to articulate clearly the values at stake and by arguing for the need for greater transparency and a broader public debate concerning the use of bright line rules.     

美国外资监管中国家安全审查制度研究

美国是世界上对外资准入限制最少的国家之一。但随着其他国家经济力量的强劲增长及美元的贬值,外国投资者开始大幅度增加在美国的投资。于是,实践中交易行为的发生与现时上法律制度的缺位,使得外国企业并购美国企业的行为是否会给美国的国家安全带来负面影响这一问题,成为当时美国国内的热点,并最终催生了美国外资并购国家安全审查制度。     

出入境法律制度与北京奥运安全

安全问题始终是所有奥运主办城市面对的核心问题。从世界范围来看,奥运举办国家对出入本国国境的活动进行了有效的控制和防范,这是保障国家安全和奥运安全的第一步。我国现行出入境法律制度能否适应这一历史要求,为2008年北京奥运提供安全、完善的社会法制环境?如何完善出入境领域的立法、加强执法以保障奥运安全?本文在深入调研基础上,对出入境领域的立法、执法现状中存在的问题进行了深入研究,并提出了相应的对策。     

Feelings of Safety In The Presence Of the Police,Security Guards,and Police Volunteers

Uniformed presence is commonly thought to create feelings of safety in people. However, do differently uniformed people contribute to an equal amount of safety and are there situation-dependent differences? The present study examined the association between various types of uniformed presence and people’s feelings of safety through a questionnaire among 352 respondents (18–86 years) (49.1 % women). The questionnaire contained pictures of situations perceived as relatively safe and unsafe with or without uniformed presence. The respondents estimated how safe they thought they would feel in these situations with no uniformed presence, two police officers, six police officers, a police vehicle, two security guards, or two police volunteers. Results showed that uniformed presence did not increase feelings of safety in a situation perceived as relatively safe, making patrol unnecessary. In situations perceived as relatively unsafe however, all types of uniformed presence increased feelings of safety. Foot patrolling police contributed to the greatest increase in feelings of safety. Security guards and police volunteers created similar amounts of feelings of safety making police volunteers a cost-effective alternative. All types of foot patrol were better than vehicle patrol, making non-police groups an alternative to vehicle patrol. Some situational, gender, and age differences were found.     

Insights on Technology Transfer from the Bureau of Mines

The U.S. Bureau of Mines was established in 1910 to reduce the high accident rate in the nation's coal mines. For 85 years, it conducted a wide variety of tasks related to mining before it was abolished in 1995. The BOM had many technology transfer successes in its lifetime, including more than a dozen R&D100 awards. This essay identifies and discusses five transfer factors that can explain the success (or failure) of many Bureau of Mines projects. These five factors are termed pressure, pitfalls, path, price, and profit.     

浅谈非传统安全威胁与社会公共安全

当今社会,非传统安全威胁对公共安全的影响日益严重.它加剧了公共安全的脆弱性,导致了公共安全危机的发生,增加了社会公众的公共安全需求.基于此,政府应做好以下工作:引导民众正确认识社会风险和非传统安全威胁;着力提升社会公众安全感;制定完善的公共安全危机应急预案;提升公共安全危机管理水平.     

构建我国农村社会保障体系的立法思考

我国农村社会保障立法应坚持以下基本原则:法律(政策)的制定和适用城乡分立;以传统保障机制为依托;统筹层次逐步提高;以救济性保障为基础;保障水平与社会经济发展水平相适应。农村社会保障体系可主要包括以下基本项目:医疗保障;灾害救济;"五保"供养;最低生活保障;职业培训保障;特殊群体养老保险。农村社会保障应选择现收现付筹资模式;基金主要由财政拨款、农村集体资源收益、村民缴费、慈善捐赠等构成。农村社会保障应采取统筹领导分别管理的管理体制,具体事务可由相应的经办机构负责;可选择农业银行作为农村社会保障基金托管人,符合条件并取得社会保障基金投资管理资格的金融机构可作为农村社会保障基金投资管理人,而农村信用合作社、符合条件的医院、取得资格的职业培训教育机构可以作为农村社会保障待遇的发放和提供机构。