论建构我国刑事和解制度的法理基础——兼论刑事和解制度的基本框定

我国刑事和解制度阙失的根本成因在于对其法理基础的不自信，本质是被害人在刑事诉讼过程中的缺位、边缘化和失语。刑事和解制度的建立和完善是我国刑事司法制度实现由国家主义向民本主义转型的必然要求，是重估和校正传统的刑罚功能判定的必然结论，是凸显刑罚促进社会和谐价值的必然举措。适用于特定刑事案件的刑事和解制度的建构及其运作，应当遵循促进当事人和解、尊重当事人意思自治、坚持司法机关主导的基本原则，并对达成刑事和解协议的加害人实行轻缓化的刑罚处遇。     

美国反避税立法之CFC规则研究

随着经济全球化的深入发展,跨国纳税人的避税行为日益频繁,反避税立法成为国际税法和国内税法的共同任务。美国是世界上最早进行反避税立法的国家,其中,其受控外国公司立法,是世界上第一个CFC规则,已经成为其他国家相关立法的模板。由于越来越多的跨国纳税人利用递延纳税进行避税,CFC规则价值凸显,其在美国反避税法律体系中的地位也日趋重要,具体规则也日趋严厉。尽管美国CFC规则也面临一定的冲突和挑战,其反避税价值仍然值得我们深入研究。近年来我国也面临严峻的反避税任务,对美国反避税相关立法进行研究,对中国具有直接的现实意义。     

《监察法》实施中的证据衔接问题

从证据与程序的关系看,证据不仅需要与待证事实有关联,还是一种法律程序产品,是一系列法律行为后产生的某种结果。不同法律程序在程序目的、程序性质、程序保障、程序严格性等方面存在不同,上述差异影响和塑造了不同性质的证据,进而产生了证据衔接的问题。《监察法》构建了一个独立的法律程序,对公职人员职务违法、职务犯罪行为的调查适用《监察法》及相关规定,监察证据与刑事证据也面临着衔接的问题。监察调查程序与刑事侦查程序相比,在规范密度、权力行使、程序保障等方面存在一定差异。在当前的立法框架下,要求监察机关在收集、固定证据时参照刑事诉讼法的相关规定,有助于优化监察调查的程序环境,为监察证据与刑事证据有效衔接提供正当性。     

Report on the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death.

The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is responsible for publishing Standard Certificates of Birth and Death for the United States of America. The standard certificates are revised roughly every 10 years. The revision process is designed to ensure that the standard certificates meet, as nearly as possible, the use for which they are intended at all levels: individual, local, state, and federal. The authors report on the most recent revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death, recording the process and the role of the National Association of Medical Examiners in the process. Changes recommended during revision include requesting known aliases of a decedent and rearrangement of the certificate to provide more room for those items requesting dates and for describing how the injury occurred. New items have been added asking for information regarding traffic fatalities, the role of tobacco use in causing death, and whether female decedents were pregnant. Once approved by the Department of Health and Human Services, the new standard certificate will be made available to the states. Each state will have 2 years to adapt the U.S. Standard Certificate of Death to its use and to implement new state death certificates on January 1, 2003.     

建国初期司法改革运动述评

建国初期的司法改革运动是新中国法制建设史上的重大事件。开展此次运动是当时巩固人民政权、实行人民民主专政、维护革命秩序的要求,成绩很大。但是由于对旧法观点包括西方资本主义国家的法律思想未能采取实事求是的态度而予以全盘否定,对新中国后来的法制建设和法学发展产生了不可低估的负面影响。回顾、总结此次运动的经验和教训,正确处理法律的阶级性与普世性、司法与政治、司法官职业化与司法大众化以及司法程序化与司法便民化之间的关系,对于当前进行的司法体制和工作机制改革具有重要的现实意义。     

我国BOT投资方式的立法问题

本文通过分析我国当前BOT立法存在的问题,建议我国应借鉴符合国情的外国成功立法模式,制定普遍性的BOT综合性专门立法,合理确定好立法的框架内容.     

Technology transfer between the U.S.A. and Europe

The premise is that technology gaps have an important impact on the economic life of nations and also have political consequences. Expressions of concern about the technology gap between Europe and the United States have become steadily less frequent in the recent years. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether some of the lessons that can be drawn from the European technology gap of the '60s contribute to the understanding of the present United States-European technology exchange controversies. This is accomplished by (1) reviewing the European arguments, (2) trying to find out how revelant they have proven to be after a few years, (3) investigating better ways to assess the impact of technological differences with reference to current United States arguments about technology export, and (4) attempting to derive some conclusions on policy implications of transferring technology. It was concluded that important policy decisions have been made and are still being made by technology importing countries with little analytical background on the cost and advantages of achieving a technological capacity. In addition, policy decisions by technology exporting countries are most likely to be made with little knowledge of the real phenomena involved.     

Maintaining programme integrity: the FOR . . . A Change programme and the resettlement of ex-prisoners

This article describes the process and results of monitoring the programme integrity of FOR . . . A Change, a group programme for offenders, as it was being delivered in three prisons in the United Kingdom. In so doing, it briefly describes the aims, structure, and theoretical orientation of the programme; explains what informed the particular approach to checking for integrity and how it was implemented; outlines the results; and finally, postulates the requisite conditions for the successful maintenance of programme integrity.     

Law Is the Command of the Sovereign: H. L. A. Hart Reconsidered

This article presents a critical reevaluation of the thesis—closely associated with H. L. A. Hart, and central to the views of most recent legal philosophers—that the idea of state coercion is not logically essential to the definition of law. The author argues that even laws governing contracts must ultimately be understood as “commands of the sovereign, backed by force.” This follows in part from recognition that the “sovereign,” defined rigorously, at the highest level of abstraction, is that person or entity identified by reference to game theory and the philosophical idea of “convention” as the source of signals with which the subject population has become effectively locked, as a group, into conformity.     

英美刑法处理醉态犯罪的一般原则

醉酒与犯罪有着极为密切的联系。英国有学者认为,英国大部分轻罪都是被告人在醉酒的情况下实施的。据统计,在英国大约有40%的暴力犯罪是行为人在酒精的影响下实施的。①鉴于饮酒与犯罪之间的密切联系,当今社会,一般都会对行为人醉酒后的危害社会行为予以刑罚处罚。然而行为人在实施危害社会行为时,为限制责任能力甚至完全无责任能力人,严格按照现代刑法责任主义的原则,对行为人应该分别减轻、免除处罚或者不追究刑事责任。但是,如何根据责任主义找到醉酒犯罪可罚性的根据,一直颇为困难。大陆刑法理论从原因自由行为的角度探讨行为人的刑事责…     

论美国审前公开的法律限制及启示——以美国最高法院案例为分析视角

美国审前公开问题的实质是宪法修正案所保护的公正审判与言论出版自由的冲突,在解决这一问题上,美国最高法院经历了一个从侧重保护新闻出版自由的"审判有明显错误"标准,到侧重保护公正审判"推定的偏见"标准,再到重视两种权利调和的全面审查标准。全面审查标准强调了法官的主动性,这反映出在新闻媒体高度发达的今日,审前公开已经对公正审判造成冲击,迫使一贯主张司法克制的美国法院向司法能动进行转换。我国应当借鉴美国的全面审查标准,在热点案件中对影响公正审判的因素进行审查,进而采取相应的措施来保障公正审判的进行。     

Innovation in the U.S. Service Sector

This paper contributes to ard a better understanding of innovation in the service sector by focusing on the disparate nature of R&D in the U.S. service sector as learned through case studies of the U.S. telecommunications, financial services, systems integration services, and research and development testing services industries. Based on this understanding of the nature and scope of R&D therein, a new policy-oriented model of innovation specific to the service sector is posited. Also, policy recommendations are offered with regard to the public sector’s collection and interpretation of R&D data related to the service sector.      

美国行政法法官集中使用制度研究

行政法法官是美国行政法中颇具特色的制度,上世纪40年代,加州试验将部分行政法法官集中合署办公,由此掀开地方行政法法官集中使用制度的序幕。行政法法官集中使用制度的理论、地方实践、成功经验和推行行政法法官集中使用制度的前景,对行政法法官制度乃至美国行政法的这一新发展更深入地了解,对完善我国有关行政法律制度将会有所借鉴和帮助。     

美国产品责任法归责原则的演进

作为侵权责任法重要组成部分的产品责任法,其担当着平衡社会主体之间,尤其是消费者集团与生产者集团之间利益关系的重要角色。美国产品责任法经历了从合同责任到侵权责任,进而由一般侵权责任到特殊侵权责任的发展过程。从历史发展的角度,展现美国商品经济各个时期侵权责任法归责原则的不同表现,分析它们产生的时代背景、理论基础及法律渊源等因素,从而获得了美国产品责任法归责原则纵向发展的概貌、制度特色,从中可以发现对我国产品责任立法的借鉴意义。