China's Energy Situation,Its Energy Policy and International Energy Cooperation

Energy security has in recent years attracted more and more attention among the international community. With the     

International Energy Situation

The international energy situation has entered a new phase of change and readjustment. On the one hand, while imbalances in petroleum market supply-demand have been alleviated, the consuming states are now focusing on demand side management and development of new and renewable energy. There has been great progress in international energy security dialogue and cooperation. On the other hand, supply-demand market balance remains fragile , and restrictions due to insufficient energy investment are more evident. The concerned states have taken a stronger grip over their own resources. Implementation of energy diplomacy has also further complicated the relationship between energy and geo-politics, causing an upsurge of competition.     

Russia''''s East-Oriented Energy Diplomacy

In recent years, energy price has kept going up on the world market because of the Iraq war, the consequent lasting instability in the country and the complex Iranian nuclear issue as well. Under the circumstances, Russia, a major exporter of energy, natu…     

World Energy Security in Flux

The openingyears of the 21stcentury thus witness an acute energysecurity issue with a fluctuating international market, fiercecontention, brisk diplomacy and a fluid energy configuration, all her-alding the approaching newera.Back in FocusIn the 1990s, ec…     

Changes in China＇s Energy Situation and Its Strategy for Energy Security

As world consumption of energy grows fast, the proven petro- leum reserves are limited in today＇s world, and the oil price fluctuates and most often soars up sharply, energy has become a most crucial factor in the world economy and the energy security problem has increasingly become an important focus of attention for the international community. Owing to the big size and the fast growth-rate of China＇s economy, it is only too natural that China＇s energy situation, including its energy import, and its energy policy and strategy have been watched closely and discussed extensively by the whole world with wide-spread interest. It might be useful for this paper to give a brief account of the actual situation of China＇s energy production and consumption and China＇s relevant strategy for energy security.     

China-Central Asia ＂Twin-Track＂ Energy Cooperation

China＇s large-scale investment in Kazakh oil and gas resource development ushered in a new era of China-Kazakhstan bilateral trade in the late 1990s. This lifted cooperation between China and the five countries in Central Asia to a new level, opening the China-Central Asia energy channel and bringing the ＂Silk Road economic belt＂ into being. Central Asia and China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, areas which are both abundant in renewable energy, should fully utilize their geopolitical advantages as neighbors by means of Xinjiang＇s rapid growth. Projecting a twin-track mechanism of developing both renewable and non-renewable energy resources is of great significance to both China and Central Asia.     

New Features of Int''''l Energy Security Situation

Withtherapidriseofdemandforenergyandviolentfluctuationofenergymarket,internationalcompetitionforenergyhasi-ncreasinglybecomeintense.Therefore,energysecurityhasagain becomeahottopicoftheinternationalcommunity.Comparedwith thesituationinthe1970sand1980s,greatchangeshavetaken placeintheenergysecurityconcept,anditcontainswiderextents andrichercontents.Besidesecurityinoilsupply,“greaterenergy concept”withsecurityinpowerandgasaswellassecurityintheir useanddemandconcludedhasdrawnincreasinglygreatat…     

Russia''''s New Energy Diplomacy and Its Impact

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,the world energy mar-kets have witnessed remarkable changes in Russia's re-emergenceas a major world energy power and its active development of energydiplomacy.As the signing of agreements at the Russia-America summitand Russia-Europe summit last May as well as at the regular meeting     

China-Russia Energy Cooperation: Its Present Situation and Prospect

Energy cooperation between China and Russia appears dissimilar to that between China and Kazakhstan and between China and the Sudan.Energy cooperation between China and Kazakhstan and between China and the Sudan takes the form that the Chinese corporations participate in the exploration and exploitation of local oil and gas resources,and gets back their shares the in oil and gas returns.The main form of energy cooperation between China and Russia,however,is that Russia exports oil and gas to China by way of trade.In order to     

Some Thoughts on Sino-U.S. Energy Cooperation

During U.S. President Bush's visit to China on September-19-21 2005, leaders of the two countries stated that China and the U.S. would further enhance strategic dialogues and cooperation in vari-ous fields including energy. Taking a series of recent event…     

My Opinion on the Situation of China''''s Energy Safety

Due to the fact that energy safety concerns not only China's economic safety but also influence the so-cial development and national security,it is there-fore both an economic issue and a political issue,being the core of the overall national security, as well as political, economic and military security.This is because a country cannot survive and de-velop without energy resources.The key to energy safety is a steady supply of energy.The safe trans-port of energy in particular is an important…     

The Russia–EU Energy Relationship: Getting it Right

The problems of Russia's energy sector, the part of the economy most broadly linked with Russia's prosperity and revived international influence, have been emphasized by the global financial crisis. Yet it remains an open question whether this, as well as various other factors, including the beginning of a genuine gas market and China's methodical advances in Central Asia, could encourage Russia to take the difficult decisions needed to make the energy sector more responsive and competitive. For its part, the EU has the potential to influence Russia, but if it continues to define itself by its divisions, it will not be able to use the influence it has gained. Without a strategic and coordinated approach, the EU is unlikely to be able to overcome its security dilemma and could find that the future is determined by other actors.     

China＇s Overseas Energy Investment： Myth and Reality

China＇s rapidly increasing demands for energy has been a subject for debate for years. To Chinese observers, the most important issue is how to safeguard energy supply and maintain economic growth. To most Western analysts, however,     

The EU–Russia Energy Approach under the Prism of Interdependence

Abstract

This essay aims to analyse and interpret the EU–Russia approach in the energy sector under the prism of interdependence. It seeks to account for both the increasing cooperation among EU member-states and Russia as far as security of supplies is concerned, but also provides a sound explanation for the steady clashes between the two sides. For this reason, we use the terms sensitivity and vulnerability to refer to the position that each side holds on bilateral energy matters and, accordingly, to the actions it is capable of taking to resolve its problems. This model of interdependence provides a profound understanding of the bifurcated relationship between the EU and Russia and interprets both its cooperative and conflictive elements.     

An Analysis of U.S. ＂Energy Independence＂

"Energy independence" has been an age-old dream of the U.S. administration, and recently reemerged as a hot topic in the United States with the welcome news of the shale gas revolution and its net exp...     

My Opinion on the Situation of China＇s Energy Safety

Due to the fact that energy safety concerns not only China‘s economic safety but also influence the social development and national security, it is therefore both an economic issue and a political issue, being the core of the overall national security, as well as political, economic and military security. This is because a country cannot survive and develop without energy resources. The key to energy safety is a steadv suoolv of enerav.     

Energy Security in China-EU Relations： Framing Further Efforts of Collaboration

I. Introduction Energy was not a significant concern for either contemporary China or Western European countries to formally re-connect with each other after 1971, the year of tectonic change in Chinas pursuit of economic and political relations with the rest of the world. Yet, it did not take long for energy to feature as a substantive issue area for Sino-European diplomatic interactions. The China-EEC trade and economic cooperation agreement, signed in 1985, covered industry, agriculture, science, energy, transportation, environmental protection and development aid. It needs to be noted, though, that it was not until 1988 for China and the EEC to exchange permanent diplomatic missions, a necessary instrument for enforcing cooperation agreements.