人口老龄化背景下农村养老保障的路径选择——基于重庆市的实证分析

目次一、人口老龄化对我国农村养老制度的影响二、重庆市农村养老保障的基本状况三、农村养老模式的新挑战四、农村养老保障的路径选择一、人口老龄化对我国农村养老制度的影响按照联合国人口组织(WPO)确定的国际公认标准,当一个国家或地区,60岁及以上人口占总人口比例达到10%,或65岁及以上老年人口占总人口比例达到7%时,就表     

老年人投资理财技巧

当前,我国人口老龄化程度越来越高.据专家预测,到2020年,我国60岁以上老年入口将占总人口的16.7%,65岁以上老年人口将占总人口的11.5%;到2050年的百分比分别为29.9%和22.7%.     

人口老龄化对我国经济影响的分析

二十世纪后期,人口老龄化逐步成为世界性趋势.据联合国人口年鉴专刊统计,1997年全世界65岁及以上老年人口占总人口的比例达7%,在进入21世纪时,全世界已进入了老龄化社会。本文将从中国人口老龄化的阶段、特点、对经济的影响、对策四方面进行组织分析.     

养老金制度受挑战

老龄化水平推进赡养老人问题凸显 据资料显示,从2000年到2007年,我国60岁以上的老年人口由1.26亿增长到1.53亿人,占总人口的比例从10.2%提高到11.6%,占全球老年人口的21.4%,相当于欧洲60岁以上老年人口的总和.人口老龄化年均增长率高达3.2%,约为总人口增长速度的5倍.预计2020年老年人口将达到2.4亿人,占总人口的17.17%;到2050年,老年人口总量将超过4亿,老龄化水平推进到30%以上.     

对我国人口老龄化状况的分析与对策

江泽民总书记在十五大报告中明确指出,要重视人口老龄化问题.所谓人口老龄化是指人口年龄结构中老年人占到一定的比重或老年人口与成年人口、年轻人口之间达到一定的比例关系.一般认为,年龄在60岁以上人口占人口的比重超过10%,这就是老龄化社会.国际上通常采用联合国人口机构的划分标准,即65岁及以上老年人口如果占总人口比例不足4%,属于青年型人口;如果介于4—7%之间,属于成年型人口;超过7%,则属于老年型人口.     

情暖夕阳红

六安市1998年便已进入老龄化社会,2010年底全市60岁以上老年人口数量占总人口比例为16%。随着人口结构和家庭结构的快速转变,六安市人口老龄化呈现到来早、进程快、"未富先老"现象突出的特点。如何让老年人"老有所养"、"老有善养"?针对这一社会各界广泛关注的热点话题,市人大常委会从2011年下半年到今年5月,多次开展监督活动,通过开展专题调研、督办代表议     

养老诈骗常态化治理的刑法思考

<正>自我国步入老龄化社会以来，国内老年人口规模日益扩大，人口老龄化程度不断加深。截至2021年底，全国60岁以上老年人口达2.67亿，占总人口的18.9%;65岁以上老年人口达2亿以上，占总人口的14.2%。据测算，预计“十四五”时期，60岁以上老年人口总量将突破3亿，     

物联网时代的智慧养老平台

<正>根据民政部发布的《2014年社会服务发展统计公报》显示,截至2014年底,全国60岁及以上老年人口21242万人,占总人口的15.5%,其中65岁及以上人口13755万人,占总人口的10.1%。人口老龄化是我国正面临的一个问题,如何解决老龄化带来的养老等社会问题,是全社会都在思考的问题。随着中国社会步入老龄化,各个城市都在探索适合自己的养老模式。比如,北京"9064"的养老模式提     

提高个人账户做实后的投资回报率

按照国际通用标准,当一个国家或地区60岁以上人口在总人口中的比例达到10%以上,或65岁以上人口在总人口中所占比例达到7%以上,即已进入老年型社会.……     

让晚年生活更美好

安徽是一个人口大省，也是一个老年人口大省，自1998年步入老龄化以来，人口老龄化极速发展，并且呈现人口基数大，增长快，高龄化，空巢化趋势明显，失能半失能老人数量剧增等态势，2010年底，我省60岁及以上老人人口已达到991万人，占总人口的14．52％．     

南通汉族人群17个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的分析南通汉族人群的基因表型,评测17个Y-STR基因座在南通人群中的应用价值。方法采集343名南通汉族男性无关个体的外周血样本,通过Chelex-100法提取基因组DNA,用Amp FlSTR Yfiler~(TM)试剂盒进行基因分型,并与12个汉族人群[安徽、江苏、江西、山东、上海、浙江(1)、兰州、南阳、泸州、牡丹江、山西和浙江(2)]以及9个少数民族人群(蒙古族、锡伯族、拉萨藏族、青海藏族、哈萨克族、维吾尔族、满族、台湾排湾族和土家族)进行比较。结果南通汉族群体在17个Y-STR基因座共检出327种单倍型,单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity,HD)值为0.999 7,与其他人群间的R_(st)值范围为-0.000 6~0.263 5。多维尺度图结果显示南通汉族人群与大多数汉族人群之间差异无统计学意义,但明显有别于其他少数民族人群。结论 17个Y-STR基因座在南通汉族人群中的群体多态性高,具有法医学应用价值。     

老年社会保障体系存在的问题与完善对策——以江苏省为例

江苏是较早进入人口老龄化的省份之一。近年来,人口老龄化已成为江苏全省面临的一大社会问题,如何解决好老年人的养老问题,对江苏省社会保障事业提出了挑战。本文分析了江苏省老年社会保障体系存在的主要问题,并针对性地提出了完善全省老年社会保障体系的对策。     

Sweden in 1930 and the 1930 census

The primary goal of censuses has always been to collect reliable information on the state’s population and provide a basis for governmental decision-making. This study examines the categories used in the 1930 census and links them to the context in which they were generated. We treat the census as a tool of state power, which can be discerned from the definitions of its categories and the way in which statistics are collected and used. The guiding question of the study was “how does the 1930 census differ from previous censuses and how can these differences and changes be explained?” We find that as in earlier censuses, Statistics Sweden used extracts from the parish books on the individual level to collect information for the 1930 census, but also used diverse supplementary sources including tax registers, income tax returns and language surveys. Thus, unlike in most countries, Sweden did not send out census takers or questionnaires to the population. Many of the new or updated variables we see in the 1930 census such as income, wealth, and number of children born, can be related to the political and social debate concerning the poor working class and the establishment of the welfare state. The inclusion of categories such as ethnicity, religion, and foreign nationality can be seen as part of a normative approach wanting to control, monitor and correct deviant elements of the Swedish population.

Sweden has several extraordinary longitudinal population databases built on the country’s excellent parish registers dating back to the 18th century. While the Swedish censuses have rarely been used as sources of data for historical analysis, this work demonstrates that the 1930 census has great potential to support new research.     

41-Plex SNP色素推断复合检测体系在中国人群中的适用性研究

目的根据已知的HIrisPlex-S色素推断SNP复合检测体系,在中国人群中进行色素表型推断及体系的适用性研究。方法基于SNaPshot平台,构建包含2个复合扩增检测体系的41重SNP色素特征推断体系41-Plex。使用来自中国7个不同地域人群的200个无关个体DNA样本进行体系的准确性测试。通过人工表型分类读取眼睛及头发颜色;通过色素测量仪检测皮肤颜色,并计算个体类型角(individual typology angle,ITA)的数值对肤色进行分类。随后,使用在线推断模型(https://HIrisPlex.erasmusmc.nl/)进行每个样本的色素表型推断并计算准确率和受试者工作特征曲线下面积(the area under the receiver characteristic operating curve,AUC),根据对实验室参与者实际肤色表型的视觉认知,对手臂和脸颊ITA肤色分类标准进行了不同的调整并分别计算AUC值。结果该体系对棕色眼睛颜色推断准确率为97%,对黑色头发颜色推断准确率为100%。在尝试多种肤色分类方法后,得到相对较高的AUC值为:白肤色0.831、中间肤色0.661、深肤色0.641和较黑-黑肤色0.768。结论41-Plex色素推断体系可初步应用于中国人群色素表型推断及疑难案件样本检验中,为案件提供侦查线索。     

基于儒学视角提升人口素质的对策建议——以吉林省为个案研究

人口问题特别是人口素质是影响整个社会经济协调发展的重要因素。本文以吉林省为个案,通过阐述人口数量和质量对社会经济的影响,从吉林省人口现状出发,将其人口数量、质量与江苏省和全国现状进行比较分析。在此基础上,针对吉林省人口素质方面现存的问题,基于儒学视角对人口素质的提升提出对策和建议。     

English population statistics before 1800

The first national census of the British population was organized in 1801; the civil registration of births, marriages, and deaths commenced in 1837; and the first tentative attempt by the state to compile statistics on migration was included in the census of 1841. Prior to 1801, the chief source of information on the demography of the country was provided by the clergy's registration of baptisms, marriages, and burials that had occurred in their parishes, supplemented by information on mortality in the Bills of Mortality that were published for certain large towns and by inferences drawn from various counts of taxpayers. The article focuses on the reliability of the parochial registration system and the way in which it was exploited by the state as measured against the state's objectives for establishing it in 1538. These objectives were rarely achieved. By the end of the 18th century, the parish registers were falling short of providing a national system of registration. Neither had the registers at any time provided the requisite detail to allow the verification of age, lineal descent, or right of inheritance. They had not been used as a way of raising revenue except briefly between 1694 and 1705. Moreover, the Anglican Church was extremely lax about the enforcement of its own regulations regarding the appropriate time for registering baptisms, burials, and marriages.     

From parish register to the “historical table”: The Prussian population statistics in the 17th and 18th centuries

This overview deals with the development of population statistics in Germany and Prussia, where different streams and trends in the field of statistics can be observed until the end of the 18th century: (1) the so-called university statistics (Staatenkunde); (2) political arithmetic; (3) table statistics; (4) “German Kameralia;” and (5) Prussian financial science. The most important sources for historical demographic research are the parish registers. In Germany, they start in the early or high Middle Ages as baptismal lists. In Prussia in the 16th century, parish registers consisted of entries and items of baptisms (births), marriages, and funerals (deaths). Based upon these parish registers at the end of 17th century in the Brandenburg Electorate, population lists were set up as registers or tables of population movement, as “general registers of the born, the married, the deceased, and the communicants.” Physicians and such Prussian medical authorities as the Collegium medicum and the Collegium sanitatis collected data about the causes of death and the longevity of human life (people more than 90 years old). In the course of 120 years during the 17th and 18th centuries, about 350,000 immigrants came to Brandenburg-Prussia. The Prussians developed excellent migration and census statistics in the form of historical tables. From the founding of the Prussian Office of Statistics in 1805 until its reorganization in 1809–1810, historical tables were set up using population statistics.     

Job Access and Homicide Patterns in Chicago: An Analysis at Multiple Geographic Levels Based on Scale-Space Theory

Economists and criminologists have long tried to establish linkages between job markets and crime. Most prior research, however, was across large areas (e.g., states, metropolitan areas) or across time. This research focuses on examining the variation of job markets within a city (i.e., Chicago) and whether it is related to the spatial pattern of crime (i.e., homicide). The job market condition is measured by job accessibility, an index computed by a Geographic Information System (GIS) method. Multivariate regressions, controlling for other socioeconomic covariates, are used to analyze the relationship between job access and homicide rates. Considering problems with analysis of rare events such as homicide in small populations, this research constructs various levels of geographic areas from census tracts to generate more stable homicide rates with larger base populations. In particular, a spatial clustering method based on the scale-space theory is used to merge adjacent tracts of similar attributes into new geographic areas. The study shows an inverse relationship between job accessibility and homicide rates across census tracts and the newly-constructed geographic areas in Chicago.     

Haplotype data for the 12 RM Y-STR loci in a Syrian population

Researches with RM Y-STRs have shown that these loci provide substantially higher haplotype diversity and haplotype discrimination capacity in worldwide populations when compared with the YSTRs commonly used in genetic forensics. The aim of this study was to develop an allelic frequency database for the Syrian population living in Turkey in order to obtain population data of 12 RM Y-STRs. A total of 80 unrelated males from the Syrian population living in Turkey were typed with 12 RM Y-STRs loci: DYF387S1, DYF399S1, DYF404S1, DYS449, DYS518, DYS526a/b, DYS547, DYS570, DYS576, DYS612, DYS626 and DYS627. The highest GD was observed for the locus DYF399S1 (0.91), followed by loci DYS449 (0.86) and DYS518 (0.83). RM Y-STR haplotype diversity was found 1.00 in these samples. Based on the results of this study, the RM YSTR loci showed remarkable haplotype resolution power in the Syrian population, high genetic diversity and, therefore, demonstrating their usefulness in forensic identification cases.     

The French population censuses: Purposes and uses during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries

From the mid-17th until the beginning of the 20th century, French censuses became increasingly more frequent and organized. This article focuses on the purposes of the first censuses (military), how the population was conceived of, and what variables were collected. The main characteristics of included individuals, the data considered important during each period, and the major categories chosen are examined. Also included are the evolution of reasons for knowing the precise age of individuals and how age groups were standardized because these aspects are closely linked to census operations. Finally, we will see how censuses have been used to obtain an overview of the population and, during the 19th century, how they were central to the discussion of the decline in fertility and, more generally, the changes occurring in the French population. How each new question led to the invention of a new variable and how data were presented is also examined.