In Search of an Alternative

Two vectors in development policy can clearly be seen in today's world. The first is globalization, the current dominant trend. The second, sustainable development, is a principle that, although formally recognized by the world community, is still far from being implemented in real life. In this context, it is vital to determine the link between globalization and the principle of sustainable development and the further link between sustainable development and the new protest movements that have emerged in reaction to the negative social consequences of globalization.     

人权的全球化:概念与维度

人权全球化是当代国际社会的主要现象之一。它不仅仅意味着人权制度的跨国作用 ,而且也意味着人权思想、学说、意识的跨国交流。在人权国际化的过程中 ,宜以人道主义和权利本位为出发点 ,以文明间的共存和可持续发展为准则 ,在其发展过程中 ,应当以国际合作为主导方式 ,不能包罗万象的建构国际人权体系 ,另外应重视人权谱系的全面性。在此前提下 ,构筑共同的人权高标准不仅是必要的 ,而且是可能的     

从司法实践的视角看经济全球化与我国法制建设--论法与社会的互动

在全球化背景下 ,我国将面临法律移植、法制现代化等一系列复杂的社会变革 ,这必然要求我们以多元的法律意识来取代单一形态的法律意识 ,以多元的理念与规则推进政治和司法体制改革 ,协调好传统文化与外来文化、作为规则的“法”和民间规范等的关系 ,从而使作为发展中国家的我国在全球化时代也能取得更大的发展。     

(Re)Connecting the Global and Local: Europe's Regional Seas

One of the challenges to sustainable development is the disconnection between environmental impacts and their underlying causes. Whilst impacts are often localized and perceptions limited accordingly, sources can often be traced to broader factors, and there is a need for methodologies to establish these linkages between localized effects and global causes. Europe's Regional Seas provide a useful illustration, characterized by a variety of ecological problems influenced by a range of local and wider factors within complex ecosystems. The Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model is one methodology used to establish connections between ecological conditions and human activity. Whilst there are some significant challenges in developing and using such models, they deepen understanding of ecological systems and the influences of socio-economic forces on them. In particular, they can help in contextualizing the apparent effectiveness of regulatory interventions and understanding the role that the forces of globalization play in creating localized ecosystem degradation.     

The moderating role of financial development in the globalization-sustainable development nexus in some selected African Countries

Economic Change and Restructuring - This study examines the effects of the different dimensions of globalization on sustainable development with the moderating role of financial development in the...     

Global governance principles for the sustainable development of groundwater resources

A normative framework for the governance of groundwater is emerging at the global level. However, existing analyses have not comprehensively covered all the governance texts that have a bearing on transboundary groundwater resources or looked at them from the perspective of sustainable groundwater governance. Therefore, this paper responds to the questions: What are the global governance texts (including international laws) applicable to groundwater resources; to which forms of the resource do they apply; which principles have been included over time; and what are the implications for sustainable development of groundwater resources now and in the future? The analysis highlights key groundwater concepts, discusses twelve global groundwater governance texts and the thirty principles therein, classifies the principles into ideal–typical categories based on the sustainable development concept; and assesses the gaps and conflicts between the principles and texts. The paper has three key findings. First, groundwater governance is rapidly evolving and there are a number of principles available to promote sustainable development. Second, however, these collective principles do not adequately address (a) the link with all water resources; (b) the potential impact of climate change on water resources; and (c) the impact of trade on equitable sharing of groundwater and protection of groundwater-related ecosystems. Third, to the extent that this collection of principles can contribute to sustainable development, they are inconsistently included in the legally binding groundwater governance texts. Therefore, much progress is needed to ensure a global normative framework that can guide the sustainable governance of groundwater resources.     

“O me! O me! How i love the earth”: William Morris’s News from Nowhere and the birth of sustainable society

Arguing from an ecocritical perspective, in this article I seek to show that Morris, in his ‘green’ utopia News from Nowhere, envisaged a new social order in which communities are socially just, participatory, independent, economically viable and environmentally sustainable. I will argue that Morris, by stressing the need for a decentralized and polycentric country and by showing how co‐operation, as opposed to competition, can form a symbiosis between the members of the society, effectively linked the local with the global. I will show that Morris, turning against systematized globalization as portrayed in Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward, gives an example of a ‘sustainable’ globalization that shares much common ground with the current politics of bioregionalism. I will finally suggest that Morris’s vision of London as an ecological city, where waste has been abolished and human beings live in harmony with nature while respecting social justice, is more urgent than ever and can be instrumental as a vision for our future life.     

全球化时代中国境外人口态势及社会问题透析

当代的全球化不仅仅是经济的全球化,而且还有政治、文化、教育、科技、体育、旅游和人口流动的全球化。在人口流动全球化日益扩展的国际形势下,我国的境外人口也呈现出大幅增加、成份复杂、分布广阔的趋势。日益增多境外人口在给我国经济和社会发展注入活力的同时,也出现了“三非”现象突出,安全问题的国际化、地区化程度加深,就业冲突日渐显现,保护境外人口合法权益的任务加重等问题。认清这些问题,对重构我国境外人口管理的理念、对策、方略体系具有重要的客体性价值。     

可持续发展的实施与公众的行政参与

在全球经济不断发展之时,尽管可持续发展战略早已提出.但在具体实施方面却少有成效,其原因不仅在于可持续发展理念的欠缺和制度的缺乏,更主要的是因为在实践中缺乏必要的公众行政参与.公众作为可持续发展的直接受益者和受害者理应成为可持续发展实施的关键.为保障可持续发展的实施,必须让公众融入其中,让公众参与到与可持续发展实施有关的行政立法和行政活动程序之中,并应保障公众行政参与权的实现.     

全球化与国际法律意识

法律全球化是近年来法律领域内的一种明显的客观发展趋势 ,它表现为在经济全球化基础上 ,各国各地区的法律在内在精神、原则、主要标准及主要程序上相互接近、协调、吸收甚至部分同一或统一的现象。这种趋向并不必然地与我国的国家利益相冲突。我们要在主观上适应这种现实 ,从积极的方面思考问题。     

Reconceptualizing organizational change in the Comprehensive Gang Model

Organizational change and development is one of the cornerstones of successful crime prevention and intervention efforts, yet it has received little empirical attention in the areas of crime and justice. This lack of empirical attention extends to the national Comprehensive Gang Model, which explicitly states that organizational change and development is a key strategy. Borrowing concepts from the management field, the authors argue that the Comprehensive Gang Model should be reconceptualized so that organizational change and development is the foundation upon which other strategies are built. Application of this re-specified model is demonstrated through a case study in central Massachusetts utilizing learning communities as a vehicle to obtain sustainable change. Assessment of the organizational change and development is also discussed.     

Competing with MNEs: developing manufacturing capabilities or innovation capabilities

A challenge facing local firms in China is the selection of effective technology strategies to compete against MNEs in the era of globalization. The existing literature suggests two alternatives, developing strong manufacturing capabilities or developing innovation capabilities, but provides no clear answer to the question of how to select one strategy or the other. This paper explores this issue by introducing two concepts: “barriers to appropriability” and “opportunities for improvement.” We develop four propositions to specify the boundary conditions for local firms to choose their technology strategies and analyze two local firms’ technology strategies to illustrate two of the propositions. We find that development of strong manufacturing capabilities will not necessarily be an effective strategy for local firms competing against MNEs. If there are opportunities for improvement, it might be possible for local firms to compete against MNEs by developing innovation capabilities and core technologies.     

法律全球化：争论与出路

围绕着法律全球化问题,我国学者产生了有没有、要不要和如何进行的三重争议,由于这些争议是在没有对全球化做出前提性界定的基础上进行的,所以总是陷入事实与价值两极之争的困境之中。我们引入“过程”论来理解全球化的思想,意在指出从发展路向上看全球化有不同的阶段且每个阶段都有它的内在规定性。从当下的阶段来看,全球化已经把世界联结为一个异质的整体,从性质上说这个整体是事实和价值的统一体。它们一起对法律全球化的过程、制度和理念起着规制作用。理解这种“过程”论要求我们从根本上转换现代法的精神,即促进权利范式的发展、培育新的自由理念和参与全球法律制度竞争与全球治理。     

论我国的绿色消费及其法律保障

绿色消费是全球化背景下消费者运动的一个趋势,旨在强调消费过程中的环境保护,加大产品循环使用的程度,减少能源消耗与污染,更高程度地保障消费者的身体健康。目前,世界各国多以政府绿色采购为全民消费的导向,支持绿色消费运动的发展。我国应当在消费者权益保护法中确立政府倡导、鼓励绿色消费的原则,突出消费者的绿色消费权的保护。同时,通过政府绿色采购、绿色产品税费的减免,对绿色生产、绿色消费实行积极的扶植与支持政策,为推动绿色消费、为我国经济的可持续发展奠定必要的物质基础。     

现代化范式的困境——评邓正来先生"全球化与中国法学"系列文章

邓正来先生在"全球化与中国法学"系列文章中洞见到中国法学在认知全球化时具有两个不自觉的理论设定,但是洞见到中国法学在认知全球化时具有两个不自觉的理论设定并不等同于对中国法学为什么会受到这两个理论设定支配的原因的揭示。经由分析认为邓先生实际上并没有为中国法学之所以会受其支配建立一以贯通的解释。现代化范式在解释中国法学为什么会受到这两个理论设定支配时所具有的缺陷,实际上是由于邓先生在《中国法学向何处去》中基于论题的限定而没有给予另外一种解释现代化进程的理论——马克思主义足够关注造成的。无论是现代化范式还是马克思主义都是中国人认知全球化的思想依据,我们不能单独从其中任何一者出发来解释中国学界在思考全球化时的思想依据,现在是我们重新反思的时候了!不仅包括对于现代化范式的反思,也不仅包括对于特定版本的马克思主义的反思,同样也包括对于忽视其中一者而试图仅以另外一者来概括中国学界的思想依据这种做法的反思,这三者同样都是试图简化中国人在思考自己未来命运时的思想理据的表现。     

Promoting Democracy without Starting a New Cold War?

Spread of market economy and promotion of democracy are twincomponents of globalization. Both are generally positive phenomenathat are taken by many to be something as obvious as God, motherhoodand apple-pie. However, there is too much naivety and hypocrisy,especially in the process of promotion of democracy. In thecase of societies that lack elementary preconditions for theintroduction of democracy, the remedy may be worse than theillness. The end of the Cold War did not end the attempts touse concepts, such as democracy and human rights, as ideologicaltools to undermine other States. Attempts to change domesticsocial and political systems, especially those of great powersor their allies and neighbours, may lead to a new era of greatpower confrontation that would be especially dangerous becauseof common threats such as terrorism, spread of weapons of massdestruction, environmental crisis and so on.     

民法与环境法的理念碰撞与融和

民法是国家经济和社会生活的基本法。我国民法典的制定是我国建立社会主义市场经济的客观需要，是促进我国经济持续发展、科技进步、文化繁荣乃至社会长治久安的基本法律保证。民法与环境法存在理念的差异，民法与环境法互动发展是历史的必然。可持续发展是21世纪最重要的时代特征，我国民法典的制定应当顺应时代潮流，把可持续发展的环保政策观念贯穿于民事立法的整个过程，推动民法理论的自身发展与完善，进而实现民法典制定与环境法制建设同步跨越式发展的目标。     

传承与发展:马克思主义法学在中国

在社会进步和法律发展的进程中 ,人的发展、方法论的创新以及多元化一直是并且依然是社会的关注点 ,更是马克思主义法学的时代主题。中国马克思主义法学在新世纪的基本走向是“回到马克思”。立足于民族与历史 ,马克思主义法学对“全球化”作了精辟的阐述 ,“现实的个人”是同全球化一起成长的 ,而法律全球化与经济全球化密切相关 ,在法律全球化过程中 ,特定国家和地区的法律制度受到的冲击也是必然的。马克思主义法学的全球化意义在于 :在法律改革与国际接轨的过程中 ,我们要主动适应、积极参与 ,而不能被动地适应和接受。     

论可持续发展与我国立法体系的重新架构

我国的国情决定了我国必须走可持续发展的道路 ,而作为实现可持续发展重要手段的现行法律与可持续发展的要求差距颇大。为此 ,有必要以可持续发展思想为指导重新架构我国立法体系 ,使之符合可持续发展的要求。     

Mobilizing Market Forces to Combat Global Environmental Change: Lessons from UN–Private Sector Partnerships in China

While globalization has brought far-reaching benefits to communities around the world in the form of increasing foreign investment and trade, and reduced levels of poverty, the externalities of the global market have also taken on greater prominence. In particular, issues of global environmental change now stand as a central concern for governments around the world, with increasing threats to the sustainability of hard-won development gains. While international frameworks such as the United Nations conventions on climate change and biodiversity have been enacted to take joint action on issues of common concern, a major challenge has been to enact effective implementation regimes to achieve results on the ground. One hope lays in the forces of the market itself, engaging global market forces and the role of the private sector to facilitate a global shift to sustainable growth and business practices. This article analyses this challenge and emerging opportunities for market-based approaches to implement international environmental law through a case study of China and the innovative partnerships being forged there between the UN, governmental and private institutions.