Offense Type as Determinant of Revenge and Forgiveness After Victimization: Adolescents’ Responses to Injustice and Aggression

Victims of injustice and aggression may have strong feelings about the perpetrator(s) that may impede their efforts to cope with the victimizing experience. We examined to what extent adolescents’ interpersonal responses to victimization in terms of revenge and forgiveness depend on offense type. Of 455 Dutch students from various educational levels, 379 participants reported being victimized by incidents of injustice, aggression, or violence. These incidents were categorized according to type and related to respondents’ self-reported revenge, avoidance, and benevolence toward the perpetrator. Victims of criminal offenses (physical and sexual violence, theft, and threat) reported less forgiving motivations than victims of noncriminal transgressions (bullying, ostracism, and other forms of indirect aggression). Sexual violence primarily elicited avoidance, rather than revenge. Gender differences in responses to victimization depended on offense type, too. Hence, to enhance our knowledge about revenge and forgiveness after victimization, future studies may need to take offense characteristics into account.     

Factors Associated With College Students’ Responses to Rape-Disclosure Scenarios: Influence of Gender,Rape Characteristics,and Opinions About Health Professionals

ABSTRACT

Few studies examine the role of friends in victims’ decisions to seek help from health professionals. This study used a sample of college students (N = 637) to examine the factors that may influence whether students would advise a friend to seek help from health professionals. After providing an open-ended response to a vignette, students answered a series of questions about formal support providers, attitudes toward women and rape victims, and their background. Findings suggest a gender divide on the advice given, and more students who responded to an acquaintance-rape scenario recommended that a victim contact health professionals in comparison to those whose scenario depicted an intimate partner rape. Implications are discussed, focusing on the role of friends and campus policy in minimizing the impacts of victimization.     

Maizhokunggar and Doilungdeqen Lend Wings to Lhasa’s Economy

S EEN from a map, the coun- ties of Maizhokunggar and Doilungdeqen resemble the left and right wings of Lhasa City. The inauguration of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on July 1 is expected to make them twin engines of local economic growth. Maizhokunggar: Natural Resources Fuel Economic Growth Known as the “town on the edge of the horizon,” Maizhokunggar County is about an hour’s drive east of Lhasa. Its downtown area is small but bus- tling. As part of the inland drive to develop Tibet…     

China’s About-face to the TPP: economic and security accounts compared

When the US restarted the Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) in 2009, speculation arose as to whether China would compete against it or cooperate by becoming a TPP member. Between 2010 and 2013, China shifted in stance from competition to cooperation in meeting the TPP challenge. By looking at both the economic and security dimensions, this article argues that China’s economic concern determines whether to react and its security concern determines the direction in which China reacts. Between 2010 and 2012 when security pressure was overwhelming and economic concern was not formidable, counterbalance was inevitable. In 2013, when anxiety over security pressure calmed down and economic concern grew more threatening, bandwagon became possible. This finding challenges the classical theory of the domino effect by pinpointing the importance of security consideration in where the free trade agreements (FTA) proliferation heads to. It also supplements the emulation–competition dichotomy by highlighting that whether the FTA initiator is considered a threat or a model is not fixed but contingent upon the initiator’s changing relation with the responding nation.     

No to ‘Long-Arm Jurisdiction’

China's Ministry of Commerce(MOFCOM)declared the Rules on Counteracting Unjustified Extra-Territorial Application of Foreign Legislation and Other Measures on January 9,taking effect on the very day of promulgation.     

China’s Aid to Africa

China started providing aid to Africa in the 1950s by undertaking construction projects, providing goods and materials and dispatching specialists in various f ields. Since then, China has undertaken almost 900 social and economic develop- ment projects in the fi elds of agriculture, animal husbandry, fi sh farming, water conservancy, energy, transport and com- munications, TV and radio broadcasting, and food processing, as well as culture, education and health. More than 700 of these project…     

Pyongyang’s Path to Prosperity

<正>North Korea ponders a shift of strategic focus to economic development     

CPC’s Secret to Success

Why does the Communist Party of China (CPC) remain popular despite making several serious mistakes? How could the CPC make China the world’s second-largest economy? These are among the 13 questions answered by Xie Chuntao, a professor with the Party School of the Central Committee of the CPC, in his latest national bestseller-Why and How the CPC Works in China. The English edition of the book, published in July by the Beijingbased New World Press, won a larger international audience at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October-not only because it addresses Western curiosity about the China model and China’s road, but also because it puts forward a new way of introducing China and the CPC to the world. For this and the next three issues, Beijing Review will publish several chapters of the book, allowing readers a glimpse into the book. Edited chapter one-Why Was the CPC Capable of Establishing a New China-is as follows:     

Rational Response to U.S. Shift——Cooperation and competition should highlight China’s intelligent reaction to the U.S. ‘pivot to Asia’

U .S. President Barack Obama’s second inauguration triggered a new round of discussion among Chinese observers about the U.S. adjustment of its Asia-Pacific strategy. Old questions cropped up again: Is the move targeted at China? Will it lead to confrontational China-U.S. relations?     

Witnesses to Reform and Opening-up

Humble Beginnings When Lin Mingyue and Fan Zeng- sheng made the decision to leave the U.S. for China's mainland 26 years ago their friends were at a loss as to why they should choose to exchange their large house and family car for a poky apartment, a push bicycle and a public transportation in as yet underdeveloped Shanghai. Many of these incredulous friends, however, have since followed the couple's example and also settled in Shanghai. Lin made her first visit to the munici- pality in 1…     

PROSPEROUS XINJIANG Rapid development brings harmony and prosperity to China’s vast western region

<正>In China,most people are familiar with a song created in the early 1950s saying:Our Xinjiang is a beautiful place.Rich pastures on both sides of the Tianshan Mountains… Today Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in northwest China is not only home to outstanding scenery,     

China’s Path to Socialist Democracy

AT a clandestine meeting on July 29, 2006, 25 workers in Quanzhou City formed the world’s first Wal-Mart tradeunion committee. The mood was, by all accounts     

‘Left Wing’ Sweeps to Victory

“His win was a demonstration of people power trumping foreign interests. Theservile, manipulated democraciesare ending in Latin America.”Bolivian President Evo Morales“Iam a little worried aboutyour country. Sometimesleaders show up who do agreat disse…     

How to Keep The‘APECBlue’

正The blue skies overhanging Beijing during the2014 APEC Economic Leaders’Meeting were but a memory on November 19,as a wave of smog once again enveloped the city.The disappearance of the"APEC blue"that had lasted two weeks means the specter of air pollution now looms large in the public consciousness.Although President Xi Jinping expressed desire at the end of the forum for the APEC blue to     

From‘Competitor'''' to‘Stakeholder’

Change in diplomatic parlance hints at a further warming of Sino-U.S. ties, even as differences continue If there is one word that has emerged as a keyword in Sino-U.S. relations since 2005, that is "stakeholder." It first came up in a speech last September by U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick, who proposed that China be a "responsible stakeholder" in the international system. To many experts in international studies, it indicated that Washington was setting     

Digital Responses The Digital Belt and Road program yields fruits amid the coronavirus pandemic

While the prevalence of the novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)is putting significant downward pressure on the world economy and reshaping global supply chains,it has also given a strong push to the digital economy based on the Internet,e commerce services and cloud computing,and fueled the digitalization of traditional industries.     

Another Cuppa?--China’s coffee industry is freshly roasted and ready to reach out

Café owner Liu Houjun gained a little online fame with his unique coffee brewing bravura. Formerly the director of a listed company, the coffee lover, in his 50 s, decided to quit his job and open a coffee shop to develop innovative blends.     

School Principals’ Perceptions of Crime Risk and Academic Climate: Links to School Safety Practices

ABSTRACT

Little is known about principals’ perceptions and their links to how school safety practices operate. Using data from School Survey on Crime and Safety from 2,009 public schools in the US, the current study examines the extent to which principals/administrators’ perceptions of academic climate and crime risk are related to school practices regarding safety and discipline. Results show that principals’ perceptions directly relate to school safety practices when controlling for school characteristics, and also explain how selected school characteristics relate to safety practices.Overall, the present study highlights the importance of principals’ perceptions of crime risk and academic climate in school safety practices. Policy implications and potential limitations of the study are discussed.     

Global and Urban Engagement to Promote Social Justice: Reflections of One’s Faith Tradition

The current study compared perceptions on self-report measures of university mission identity and social justice attitudes between general university students (151 women, 63 men; M age = 19.72, SD = 1.91) and campus ministry students (64 women, 24 men; M age = 19.85, SD = 1.71). Results demonstrated that campus ministry students scored significantly higher on each of four social justice and global/urban engagement subscales. Implications suggest that perceptions of university mission-identity are linked to social justice attitudes, yet campus ministry students compared to regular student samples may be linked to a stronger emphasis on social justice through campus activity.