用拉曼光谱检验黑火药

目的 建立黑火药成分定性的方法.方法 利用拉曼光谱仪对黑火药进行检验.结果 黑火药中的3种主要成分硝酸钾、硫磺、碳均能被准确检出;结论 拉曼光谱能很好地对黑火药进行定性分析.     

拉曼光谱法鉴别常见炸药

目的建立一种识别炸药的方法。方法使用激光显微拉曼光谱法对17种常见炸药粉末进行了分析。结果17种常见炸药均有丰富的拉曼位移峰,可以通过其位移峰峰位的不同区分不同成分的炸药。结论拉曼光谱法适用于快速准确地识别炸药。     

拉曼光谱法鉴别常见毒品

目的建立一种识别毒品与其它常见白色物质的方法。方法使用激光显微拉曼光谱法对7种毒品和5种白色粉末进行了分析。结果7种常见毒品均有丰富的拉曼位移峰,可以通过其位移峰峰位的不同区分不同成分的毒品。另外,通过拉曼位移峰的峰位,还可以将7种常见毒品与5种常见白色粉末区分开来。结论拉曼光谱法适用于快速准确地识别毒品。     

静电复印纸的FT－Raman光谱检验

对23种品牌的静电复印纸的拉曼图进行了分析,根据填料峰的不同可将其分为三大类根据纤维素峰和木素峰的相对峰强度比的不同,利用正态分布的t检验方法对静电复印纸作了进一步区分,为区分不同牌号的静电复印纸提供了一种参考方法.     

显微共焦激光拉曼光谱仪分析激光打印黑色墨粉字迹

激光打印机是常用办公设备,案件中经常会涉及到激光打印文件的检验,运用显微共焦激光拉曼光谱仪检验激光打印黑色墨粉字迹是一种快速、无损、灵敏度高的检验方法,可以对墨粉成分进行定性分析,在司法实践中,此种方法对激光打印黑色墨粉具有较好的检验效果,应用前景广阔。     

拉曼光谱技术在物证鉴定中的应用

拉曼光谱技术具有不接触样品、不破坏样品、无需样品制备等优点,适用于法庭科学领域不同种类物证的分析.本文综述了拉曼光谱技术在物证鉴定中的应用,并对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

显微激光拉曼光谱技术区分喷墨打印墨迹研究

目的运用激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪对打印墨水的墨迹样品进行检验。方法采用514nm激发波长,测得EPSON、HP、CANON等3个品牌21种型号墨迹样品的拉曼光谱。结果根据拉曼峰位的异同,可将21种型号墨迹样品分为8大类。结论该方法可以快速区分常见不同种类打印墨水墨迹,为印刷文件的检验鉴定提供方法参考。     

傅立叶变换拉曼光谱法鉴别黑色墨水的研究

采用傅立叶交换拉曼光谱法对6种黑色墨水字迹进行检验分析实验结果表明,能对黑色墨水样品进行有效的鉴别。该方法具有快速、简便、不破坏样品的特点。     

拉曼光谱快速定性分析合成毒品

目的快速定性检测合成毒品;方法利用激光拉曼光谱仪对合成毒品进行检验;结果合成毒品苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、氯胺酮、麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱均能被拉曼准确检出;结论激光拉曼光谱能对合成毒品快速定性分析。     

表面增强拉曼光谱对黑色圆珠笔快速鉴别的检测研究

目的 建立圆珠笔油墨的表面增强拉曼光谱分析方法,实现更加有效的圆珠笔样品种类区分。方法 选用纳米银胶体作为增强试剂,在785、633、514 nm 3种激发光波长下,分析检测市场上55支黑色圆珠笔的表面增强拉曼光谱,并通过将各激发光波长下的数据相结合来综合分析种类区分信息。结果 根据表面增强拉曼光谱图可有效区分出不同品牌圆珠笔油墨之间的差异。与增强前的拉曼光谱相比,增强之后的谱峰信号更强,在进行种类区分时更具说服力。785、633、514 nm 3种激发光波长的谱图信息相结合可获取更多有效的区分信息。结论 该方法能够有效鉴别不同品牌同一颜色的圆珠笔油墨,为司法鉴定中油墨成分的快速鉴别提供新思路。     

拉曼光谱成像技术检验朱墨时序中书写笔种类对检验结果的影响研究

目的考察在运用拉曼光谱阵列面扫描检验朱墨时序的方法中书写笔油墨种类对检验结果的影响。方法根据拉曼谱图的不同对搜集的188种书写笔（包括22种黑色圆珠笔,62种蓝色圆珠笔,62种黑色签字笔,42种蓝色签字笔）进行扫描并分类,采用拉曼光谱阵列面扫描技术对书写笔与同一印泥和印油形成的朱墨时序样本进行检验。结果 188种书写笔被分为4大类23小类,4类书写笔与印泥或印油形成的朱墨时序样本都得到了较好的检验结果。结论在本实验条件下,书写笔油墨种类对拉曼光谱阵列面扫描检验朱墨时序的检验结果没有影响。     

LAB图像处理模式区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的方法验证

目的考察验证LAB模式区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的方法,以及油墨浓淡对检验结果的影响。方法采用600dpi分辨率扫描样品并将图像保存成tiff格式,运用PhotoshopCS3图像处理软件中Lab模式进行处理。结果Lab模式无损区分黑色圆珠笔字迹的识别率达到61．67％,且油墨浓淡对实验结果影响不明显。结论此方法可用于黑色圆珠笔字迹的区分检验。     

Application of Micro‐Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to Ink Examination in Signatures Written with Ballpoint Pen on Questioned Documents

Questioned documents examined in a forensic laboratory sometimes contain signatures written with ballpoint pen inks; these signatures were examined to assess the feasibility of micro‐attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a forensic tool. Micro‐ATR FTIR spectra for signatures written with 63 ballpoint pens available commercially in Korea were obtained and used to construct an FTIR spectral database. A library‐searching program was utilized to identify the manufacturer, blend, and model of each black ballpoint pen ink based upon their FTIR peak intensities, positions, and patterns in the spectral database. This FTIR technique was also successfully used in determining the sequence of homogeneous line intersections from the crossing lines of two ballpoint pen signatures. We have demonstrated with a set of sample documents that micro‐ATR FTIR is a viable nondestructive analytical method that can be used to identify the origin of the ballpoint pen ink used to mark signatures.     

Differentiation of blue ballpoint pen inks by positive and negative mode LDI-MS

Usually, the differentiation of inks on questioned documents is carried out by optical methods and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Therefore, spectrometric methods were also proposed in forensic literature for the analysis of dyes. Between these techniques, laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) has demonstrated a great versatility thanks to its sensitivity to blue ballpoint ink dyes and minimal sample destruction. Previous researches concentrated mostly on the LDI-MS positive mode and have shown that this analytical tool offers higher discrimination power than high performance TLC (HPTLC) for the differentiation of blue ballpoint inks. Although LDI-MS negative mode has already been applied in numerous forensic domains like the studies of works of art, automotive paints or rollerball pens, its potential for the discrimination of ballpoint pens was never studied before. The aim of the present paper is therefore to evaluate its potential for the discrimination of blue ballpoint inks. After optimization of the method, ink entries from 33 blue ballpoint pens were analyzed directly on paper in both positive and negative modes by LDI-MS. Several cationic and anionic ink components were identified in inks; therefore, pens were classified and compared according to their formulations. Results show that additional information provided by anionic dyes and pigments significantly increases the discrimination power of positive mode. In fact, it was demonstrated that classifications obtained by the two modes were, to some extent, complementary (i.e., inks with specific cationic dyes not necessarily contained the same anionic components).     

定量转印技术确定圆珠笔字迹的相对书写时间

定量转印技术是将单溶剂提取法与转印技术相结合形成的方法,实验表明该方法在一定条件下可以判定圆珠笔字迹的相对书写时间.     

Forensic discrimination of blue ballpoint pen inks based on thin layer chromatography and image analysis

This article aims to provide a new and fast method for differentiation of inks on a questioned document. The data acquisition was carried out by designing specific image analysis software for evaluating thin layer chromatograms (TLC-IA). The ink spot was extracted from the document using methanol and separated by TLC using plastic sheet silica gel 60 without fluorescent indicator, and a mixture of ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water (70:35:30, v/v/v) as mobile phase. To discriminate between different pen inks, new software was designed on the basis of intensity profile of red, green, and blue (RGB) characteristic. In practice, after development of chromatogram, the chromatograms were scanned by ordinary office scanner, intensity profiles of RGB characteristics on the development straight of each sample were produced and compared with the mentioned software. RGB profiles of ballpoint inks from various manufacturers showed that the patterns in most cases were distinctly different from each other. This new method allowed discriminating among different pen inks with a high reliability and the discriminating power of 92.8%. Blue ballpoint pen inks of 41 different samples available on the local market were successfully analyzed and discriminated.     

签字笔与圆珠笔笔痕特征的比较研究

目的 探讨签字笔笔痕是否天然地适用圆珠笔笔痕检验条件而能够进行同一认定.方法 运用比较分析方法,在不同纸张条件下,以签字笔和圆珠笔为研究对象,收集288份有效实验样本,分别观察、记录、分析实验样本中的所产生的笔痕特征.结果 签字笔笔痕主要出现在大笔画的划痕特征；签字笔笔痕的稳定性和特定性要比圆珠笔弱.结论 签字笔笔痕同一认定需要考虑签字笔本身的特性,不可盲目鉴定.     

圆珠笔油墨字迹书写时间鉴别的研究

圆珠笔油墨字迹书写时间的鉴别是摆在文件鉴定人员面前的棘手问题.本文作者借鉴国外的检验方法,经过近十年的探索,考查了各种因素的影响,研究出了适合我国国情的通过圆珠笔字迹油墨被溶解能力测试来确定其书写时间的鉴定技术,并且进一步发展了国外的检验方法,研制出了专用的检验器材,发明了模拟低温操作程序,使这一技术的适用范围更广.在有合适比对样本的情况下,可以准确鉴别落款时间在一年以上、怀疑书写时间在半年以内的可疑文件的真伪.     

Differentiation of blue ballpoint pen inks by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and high-performance thin-layer chromatography

The differentiation of inks on a questioned document can highlight a fraudulent insertion and is usually carried out by optical comparison and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) may also be used for the analysis of dyes from ink. This analytical technique was compared with a standard method of high-performance TLC (HPTLC) according to their capacity to differentiate blue ballpoint inks. Ink entries on paper from 31 blue ballpoint pens have been analyzed and their dye ink formulations compared. The pens were classified into 26 classes by LDI-MS against 18 for HPTLC. LDI-MS proved to be a more powerful method for differentiating ink formulations because it provides information about dye structures (molecular weights) and relative quantification of dye classes (peak areas). Sample preparation was minimal and analysis time was short in contrast to the more complex extraction, application, and development steps of the HPTLC method. However, only basic dyes and pigments were identified using positive mode LDI-MS, while HPTLC did yield additional information about acid dyes.     

溶剂蒸溶法对书写时间判定的初步尝试

本文针对圆珠笔字迹相对书写时间的鉴定,参照溶剂提取法,提出一种新的实验技术——溶剂蒸溶法.该方法以检样纸张作为展开板,以乙醇蒸气作为展开剂,通过测定圆珠笔油墨在纸张上的扩散程度来判定圆珠笔字迹的相对书写时间.