Speech by Chandran Nair,Member of Club of Rome,Founder & CEO,Global Institute for Tomorrow

正Hello everyone. I'm Chandran Nair, the Founder and CEO of Global Institute for Tomorrow, a think tank based in Hong Kong. It is a great pleasure for me to be invited to say a few words at the CPC and World Political Parties Summit. In essence, it is a very important forum that also seeks to commemorate the 100 thanniversary of the Chinese Communist Party. I will focus my remarks on what I believe are the principal responsibilities of political parties in relation to their contribution to their countries and nations and nation building.     

Speech by Dr. Ramon Calduch,Vice President of the World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Societies

正On behalf of the European Foundation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Association Cátedra China from Spain and speaking in my own name, it's a pleasure and a great honor for me to participate in this CPC AND WORLD POLITICAL PARTIES SUMMIT. I would like to warmly congratulate you and extend our sincere welcome to this important event.The year 2021, on the occasion of the centenary of the Communist Party of China(CPC), it's especially significant to value and highlight the role of political parties in the development of countries and society.     

Speech by Faruk Boric,Executive Director of Center for the Promotion and Development of Belt and Road Initiative,President of Bosnian-Chinese Friendship Association

正Greetings from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a small country in Southeast Europe, a country rich in history, nature, interesting and cordial people, a country located at one of the ends of the Belt and Road.It is a great honor to be able to share my humble observations with you, at such an important forum as the CPC AND WORLD POLITICAL PARTIES SUMMIT. My observations arise from several of my public functions that I perform,     

Speech by Former President Festus G. Mogae at Opening Ceremony of the 2012 Understanding and Cooperation Dialogue

Director of Ceremonies, Your Excellencies, Ministers here present, Chinese State Leaders, Heads of Chinese NGOs, Representatives of International NGOs, Ladies and Gentlemen, Let me first and foremost express my heartfelt gratitude to the Chinese Association for International Understanding for inviting me to the     

Speech by Ashraf Nizami,Chairman of International Affairs PMA Centre,Pakistan Medical Association

正On behalf of Pakistan Medical Association, it gives me immense pleasure and honour to Congratulate on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China(CPC). Pakistan and people of Pakistan are very much proud of our relations and solidarity on international issues.I express my gratitude to the Chinese Medical Association for holding cooperation and brotherhood between our organizations reflecting the relationship between our friendly countries in reflection of people of China and Pakistan.     

Speech Delivered by Liu Hongcai,Vice-President of the Chinese Association for International Understanding

<正>It’s a great pleasure to gather with you at the opening ceremony of the World Sinology Lecture to discuss the values of the Chinese modernisation to our times and the significance of the Chinese civilisation to this world.On behalf of the Chinese Association for International Understanding (CAFIU),I wish to extend warm welcome to all of you and express heartfelt thanks to our co-host Beijing Language and Culture University (BLCU).     

A Silver-Lining: President Johnson and the U.N. Peacekeeping Budget Crisis of 1964-19651

Despite the revival of UN peacekeeping after the Cold War, many questions regarding peacekeeping operations remain unanswered. Some of the most complex questions involve the extent to which peacekeeping should be applied, who should pay, and with what privileges, if any. These questions are not new, but also surfaced during the 1960 UN budget crisis ever peacekeeping between the United States and the Soviet Union. President Johnson decided to uphold Kennedy's promise to apply Article 19 and deprive a state of its General Assembly vote if it did not pay its assessed peacekeeping dues. In the end, however, Johnson retreated on Article 19 in the face of Soviet refusal to pay anything toward peacekeeping. The crisis subsided along with a missed opportunity to deal more conclusively with some of the questions surrounding peacekeeping.     

Comments from Dr.Hans Seesaghur,Economic & Commercial Counsellor at the Embassy of the Republic of Mauritius in Beijing and China Chief Representative,EDB Representative Office in China

<正>The report shows consciousness of its strategic importance in the Chinese national economy aligned with a focused vision based on practicability and sets objectives for the way forward in the global arena.I believe that China’s phenomenal economic path during the last two decades is an example,whereby,African countries can learn from the best practices and adapt accordingly to their respective environment and society.     

全球和区域挑战背景下的中巴关系——巴基斯坦前总统穆沙拉夫在四川大学的演讲（节译）

很高兴有机会在四川大学这样历史悠久的学府演讲，我选择了一个大家都感兴趣的话题，那就是全球和区域挑战背景下的中巴关系。     

Determinants of Military Strategy, 1903&ndash;1994: A Quantitative Empirical Test

Military strategy is centrally important to understanding the causes, conduct, and outcomes of war. Several foreign policy theories make predictions as to what military strategies a state will choose. This article presents the first quantitative, empirical tests of hypotheses of strategy choice. Analysis was conducted on a random sample of country-years taken from the population of all countries from the years 1903 to 1994. Military strategy is classified as being either maneuver, attrition, or punishment. Empirical findings reveal that democracies and industrialized states are more likely to choose maneuver strategies, and that a state's own experiences affect the likelihood of it choosing maneuver. Factors found not to affect strategy choice include terrain, the level of external threat, troop quality, whether a state is democratizing, whether a state is a mixed regime, whether a state is a military regime, and vicarious experiences.     

Speech by Mr.Lawrence Fortun,Congressman of the Philippine House of Representatives

<正>Greetings…Allow me to begin by extending,on behalf of the Philippine delegation,our heartfelt gratitude to the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU)for this excellent opportunity for greater understanding of China and its relations to the Philippines,the ASEAN and the rest of the world.This exchange has likewise been an important occasion for us to share our insights on these relations in the light of our common interests and aspirations as     

Speech by H.E. Bertie Ahern,Co-chair of the InterAction Council,former Taoiseach of Ireland

正I am honoured to have been invited to speak to such a distinguished gathering on the occasion of the centenary of the Communist Party of China. The theme of this summit, For the People's Well-Being: The Responsibility of Political Parties, is interesting and timely during this period of rapid global change. Political leaders must all reflect upon their responsibilities and that priority is something that the Inter Action Council of former leaders,     

Video Speech by Mr. Ban Ki-moon,former Secretary-General of the United Nations

<正>On August 12,former UN Secretary-General Mr.Ban Ki-moon delivered a video speech at the International Civil Society Solidarity Conference on Global Development Initiative (GDI).Ban said that the humanity is facing multi-faceted challenges,including climate change,     

Congressional Communication: Content & Consequences,by Daniel Lipinski. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004. 143 pp. $29.95 paper.

Television interviews with political candidates are pivotal moments in election campaigns. Previous studies in Anglo-American contexts have shown that adversarialism in television interviews can be predicted by the power of the politician and by the status of the interviewer. However, worldwide the structural conditions of the liberal media system are unique. This article studies how the Anglo-American watchdog model of interviews should be adapted to polarized television markets such as Italy, where broadcast organizations are politically, financially, and historically linked to different political blocks. A content analysis of the level of toughness in questions posed to politicians from different parties during the 2006 and 2008 Italian general elections showed that, in line with the watchdog model, journalists are more adversarial toward politicians who are likely to win the elections. Apart from this, interviews in polarized television markets follow a different model: Interviewers with high status are less adversarial, politicians from minor parties face more threatening questions, and partisan bias is more important than role bias. The generalizability of this model is discussed in the light of the polarization of television markets, partisan segregation, and the potential consequences for vote choice and election outcomes.     

Speech Rights in America: The First Amendment,Democracy, and the Media,by Laura Stein Beyond the First Amendment: The Politics of Free Speech and Pluralism,by Samuel P. Nelson

In this article, we develop and test an economic theory of Supreme Court news. We hypothesize that information about the Third Branch is newsworthy when it has lower production costs and qualities attractive to the audiences and advertisers desired by news organizations. We examine Supreme Court news in elite newspapers, television news broadcasts, and online news sources during the October 2008 and 2010 terms. The results of our quantitative analyses indicate that all three types of news outlets are more likely to provide content about Supreme Court decisions with substantive importance but vary in their responses to costs and qualities appealing to the lay audience. We conclude by discussing the similarities and differences among news outlets with regard to their selection of Supreme Court information as news content.