Ethics in the workplace

The right to request flexible working has been introduced into the UK employment laws against a background of post-fordist work practices, which already allow for employer rather than employee flexibility. This paper posits the idea that for the individual employee to benefit from these new rights what is required is the situation of dialogues within the workplace that take place in an ethical frame that recognises the employee as an individual.

医德重建：传统医德危机及其解决途径探析

目前,我国面临的医德危机是非常严重的。如何解决这一危机就成了一个不容回避的重大课题,不少学者提出要用传统医德来规范医务人员,并以此作为解决该危机的良方。然而,这种以人格伦理为特质的传统医德尽管有其一定的合理性,但其在实践中的有效性却受到了人们的质疑。本文试图从传统医德自身的局限性、医务人员利益意识的觉醒以及因社会失范而导致的越轨三个方面来分析我国医德危机产生的根源,并为此提出了三条对策。     

论司法鉴定人员职业规则

如何理顺司法鉴定中各个主体的关系,如何规范司法鉴定活动,使司法鉴定活动可以发挥其制度设计中本应具备的职能,是司法鉴定制度进一步完善的重点。在可供选择的多种方式之中,司法鉴定人员职业规则是必不可缺的一环。自从2005年司法鉴定体制改革以来,针对司法鉴定人员职业规则的研究和制定规则的实践均刚刚起步,急需进行系统而具体的探索...     

行政公正的伦理化探索

作为一项重要的伦理原则,公正贯穿于人类生活的各个领域,而最需要公正的领域则是公共行政领域。现代政府作为全社会利益的代表者,应该以行政公正为核心理念,促进社会公正的实现,这既是公共行政无法推卸的责任,也是全社会的共同要求。本文阐释了行政公正的基本内涵,分析了行政公正的伦理导向,并从他律和自律两个角度探讨了实现行政公正的基本对策。     

Ethics and the Physician-Patient Relationship

Book Reviews in This Article:
Getting Rid of Patients: Contradictions in the Socialization of Physicians . By Terry Mizrahi
Physicians and Social Change . By John Colombotos and Corinne Kirchner
Changing Values in Medicine . Edited by Eric J. Cassell and Mark Siegler
Professional Ethics and Primary Care Medicine: Beyond Dilemmas and Decorum . By Harmon L. Smith and Larry R. Churchill
Physician—Patient Decision-Making: A Study in Medical Ethics . By Douglas N. Walton
With Dignity: The Search for Medicare and Medicaid . By Sheri I. David
The Dismissal of Students with Mental Disorders. Legal Issues, Policy Considerations, and Alternative Responses .
Courtroom Toxicology . By Marshall Houts, Randall C. Baselt, and Robert H. Cravey     

法官伦理之概念解析

法官伦理是伴随着法官职业的形成、发展及社会需要而产生的一种特殊的社会意识形态和行为准则。法官伦理和整个社会的伦理道德观念有相适应的一面;同时法官伦理作为一种职业伦理,在很多方面又区别于一般社会伦理,具有自身的一系列价值特点和评判标准。法官的优良职业道德规范决非可以随意制定的,而只能通过社会制定其职业道德目的,从法官的职业行为事实的客观本性中推导、制定出来的。     

Ethics Consultation

As part of the journal's effort to give readers practical applications in health care, we present the following regular feature. We hope that all readers will find something of interest in this and subsequent case studies, and, with the authors, we welcome your feedback. Ed.     

Egocentric Ethics

Ethical judgments are often egocentrically biased, such that moral reasoners tend to conclude that self-interested outcomes are not only desirable but morally justifiable. Although such egocentric ethics can arise from deliberate self-interested reasoning, we suggest that they may also arise through unconscious and automatic psychological mechanisms. People automatically interpret their perceptions egocentrically, automatically evaluate stimuli on a semantic differential as positive or negative, and base their moral judgments on affective reactions to stimuli. These three automatic and unconscious features of human judgment can help to explain not only why ethical judgments are egocentrically biased, but also why such subjective perceptions can appear objective and unbiased to moral reasoners themselves.     

制度伦理教育的合法性审视

制度伦理教育是指致力于使人认可、内化并践行契约伦理的教育.在我国,随着市场经济的发展,罗尔斯正义理论在教育界的影响日益深远等,它已经悄然兴起.合法性判断是对事物是否符合社会、时代发展的一个最基本的判断,所以对制度伦理教育进行合法性判断是非常必要的.道德教育合法性判断的依据包括道德伦理合法性判断的依据和道德教育方式方法合法性判断的依据.前者具体可分为民意、文化传统和超越三重依据;后者具体可分为尊重常识道德、教育者"言行一致"、旨在于使人向善、有效性四重依据.以这些依据作为评判的标准,不难发现制度伦理教育尽管有很多地方值得我们去借鉴,但它并不具有很强的合法性基础,它的兴起不能实现其已有的承诺.     

Discourse Ethics and the Legitimacy of Law

Abstract. The reconstructive theory of the procedural legitimacy of modern law developed on the basis of the theory of discourse ethics has limited itself solely to the deontological, moral-normative aspects of the validity claims of legal norms and judgments. However, teleological and axiological aspects are also intertwined with legal validity claims and with the procedures in which legal norms and judgments are produced. The discursive-procedural concept of legitimacy seems to require as its support, instead of the theory of discourse ethics, a general theory of practical discourses or, more generally, of rational collective will-formation.     

Natural Law and the Ethics of Discourse

This essay argues that Plato's critical analysis of the ethics of discourse is superior to Habermas', and more generally that Habermas has no sufficient reason to propose or suppose the philosophical superiority of "modernity." The failure of Hume and Kant and much modern philosophy to understand the concept and content of reasons for action underlies Habermas' attempted distinction between ethics and morality, and Rawls' concept of public reason. A proper study of discourse also yields a metaphysics of the person, and thus reinforces the ethics.     

试论监狱行刑的伦理精神

监狱行刑的伦理精神在本质上所体现的是人们对监狱行刑之"应然状态"的理性认识和价值追求,它本身就是监狱行刑最高的伦理价值标准,集中体现了伦理道德对监狱行刑的根本要求。监狱行刑的伦理精神主要包括人文精神、科学精神、民主精神、自由精神与和谐精神。     

立法语言的表述伦理

作为思维的载体,语言既产生于又服务于人际交流和社会实践。基于语言自身的本体论目的价值和语词意义的确定性与不确定性之双重特质,不同语言表述所型塑的行为模式以及基于此上的意义空间并不总是能够确证其是足以导引人类过上幸福生活的正当性行为模式与生存意义,因而任何语言的表述都不可避免地具有道德性,也因而立法者在制定法律的过程中必须遵循语言的表述伦理。笔者认为,立法语言的表述伦理主要有衡平伦理、中庸伦理和公正伦理。     

对普遍伦理质疑的质疑——兼论从普遍伦理看道德信仰的根据

信仰的终极性决定了道德信仰的对象应当具有可普遍化的规范或价值.普遍伦理的诉求是重建道德信仰的前提,它既是经济和文化全球化时代发展的客观要求,又是对市场经济难以避免的道德相对主义的积极回应.求异避同的传统单向思维是质疑普遍伦理的方法论症结.     

Ethics of Population-Based Research

This paper considers the morally relevant ways in which population-based research is a distinct type of human subjects research that have unique moral considerations relevant for public health practitioners and researchers. By defining population-based research, the authors distinguish it from public health practice and then consider, in more detail, the ways in which population-based research differs from clinical human subjects research. Based upon the distinctions between these types of research and practice, they identify five important issues that arise in the design and conduct of certain kinds of population-based research. The authors hope that public health practitioners find these distinctions useful in determining when their work may actually be population-based research and that public health researchers use them to identify the areas where ethical issues in their research may arise.     

The Ethics of Legalism

Abstract. "Legalism" is defined as requiring that all matters of legal regulation and controversy ought so far as possible to be conducted in accordance with predetermined rules of considerable generality and clarity. Thus there may be moral limits on governments which ban them from acting on the substantive moral merits of situations with which they have to deal. This is most important in public law, but also applies in private law, e.g., in cases involving property. Hume, Kant, and Hayek are examined in respect of their case for legalism; Alexy and Finnis also reviewed. Autonomy is the foundation for legalism, and justifies "ethical positivism," in T. Campbell's phrase. Critical legal studies (Unger, Kelman, Kennedy et al.) however challenge legalism's premises. But the "critical" arguments against reification merely raise, they do not settle, the issue about the politics of legalism and the desirability of legal dogmatics. With all faults, legalism is a prerequisite of free government.