次贷危机警示中国房地产经济

美国次贷危机为我国经济敲响了警钟,我国楼市同样存在危机的可能。外资大量涌入,流动性过剩,住房抵押贷款证券化进展缓慢以及对住房抵押贷款风险监管的不足都可能诱发我国的“次贷危机”。为了防范于未然,应加快汇率改革步伐,严格金融监管,逐步解决住房抵押贷款证券化所面临的“瓶颈”。     

次贷危机下的金融监管反思

人的贪婪性在美国次贷危机中表现得比较充分。市场机制可以运用"看不见的手"将自私的个体动机,转化为有益的社会效果,对贪婪性进行一定的引导、管理和约束。市场的失灵,迫切需要政府的监督管理,形成系统、立体、全球的金融监管体系。遵照经济规律和资产证券化的特点,在我国实施安全第一的金融创新,探索混业经营条件下金融监管模式,建立和完善自控机制。     

美国次贷危机与当代资本主义

美国次贷危机导致了消费需求、企业盈利和就业形势的恶化,表明了新自由主义政策的破产。次贷危机的影响,使人们强烈地感受到需要关注金融问题,有必要重新探讨经济政策的公正和公平运用的实现途径等问题。     

由西方次贷危机引起的价值哲学思考

通过对美国次贷危机的过程的描述和分析,结合马克思主义的劳动价值论,在价值哲学的视角下揭示了次贷危机下西方价值概念和价值观的变化。其中的价值变化主要是价值理念在个人生活中的影响、价值在个人经济行为中的引导作用和西方价值观的全球化的推行等三个方面。最后得出只有坚持中国特色的科学发展观,建设可持续和谐的经济和社会发展模式,才能避免西方次贷危机,促进中国经济的发展。     

美国次贷危机的微观机制及其教训

一、美国次贷危机的形成与扩散 美国次贷危机及其引发的全球性金融危机已成为世人关注的焦点，分析这次次贷危机的形成与扩散的微观机制需要考虑两个基本问题。 第一个问题，美国银行业为什么会发放大量的次级贷？次级抵押贷款是指一些贷款机构向信用程度较差和收入不高的借款人提供的贷款。     

次贷危机背景下的我国资产证券化发展

资产证券化是20世纪70年代兴起于美国的—种融资机制的创新，它对于改变世界金融资源的配置、促进各国金融改革和金融发展起到了积极作用。然而，自美国次贷危机爆发以来，资产证券化受到种种非议，我国尚处在试行过程中的资产证券化也遭到人们的质疑。     

次贷危机与我国金融安全

随着美国次贷危机的蔓延,资产证券化的风险对金融安全的影响不容忽视。结合对美国次贷危机诱因及目前资产证券化风险的分析,提出防范风险的核心是建立一套与我国金融安全相适应的一系列机制。     

从次贷危机看开放条件下金融机构的风险防范

2006年底以来,中国金融业的对外开放呈加快趋势.仍然呈蔓延之势的美国次级抵押贷款危机提醒我们,开放条件下的金融业竞争在提高金融企业竞争力的同时,也不可避免地会导致相关金融机构的破产.为应对金融机构的风险,必须加强相关的理论研究工作.     

美国"次贷危机"与我国金融风险防范

2007年美国爆发了影响全球经济的次贷危机.此次危机的诱因与我国金融业面临的问题相同:房价虚高,房地产泡沫不断膨大,利率不断调高.这些问题构成了金融业发展的潜在风险.严峻的形势要求我们必须正视此次美国次贷危机,从多方面加强防范,以促进我国银行业的和谐发展.具体措施包括:提高金融机构风险防范的意识,完善风险防范制度;不断优化金融机构信贷资产结构,分散风险;加强会计信息披露的管理工作;大力发展直接融资市场,构建多层次的金融市场体系;加强金融监管;掌握宏观调控政策的配合工作.     

后危机时期碳金融市场风险监管的法律思考——基于美国次贷危机的致因及治理理论检视

在次贷危机的背景下,要确保碳金融市场的本质及功能不发生异化,必须反思次贷危机的致因,检视美国的金融改革,避免碳金融资产蜕变为有毒资产进而诱发“次碳危机”.次贷危机发生的深层诱因包括由过度投机导致经济泡沫规模过大、由次级资产集合构成系统性风险、由过度创新金融资产证券化隐藏并传播风险,这些应成为构建碳金融监管制度框架防范的重点,同时,次贷危机暴露的金融监管缺陷应成为完善碳金融监管权配置的警示.碳金融监管制度体系既应将碳排放权作为一般商品或衍生工具进行规制.也应对碳排放权进行特别规制,实施诸如持仓限额、执行价格、阻止过度杠杆投资等措施,防范碳资产过度投机化和泡沫化.     

CAFTA对中国经济发展的影响及对策

中国-东盟自由贸易区(China and Association of South east Asian Nations FTA,简称CAFTA)的构建对中国经济的发展具有重要意义,并将产生巨大的影响.既有积极影响,也有消极影响,为此中国应进一步改善产业结构;开展多层次、多领域的合作;建立风险防范机制.     

Policy incentives and the extension of mortgage credit: Increasing market discipline for subprime lending

The lax underwriting in non‐prime mortgage markets is widely perceived as one cause of the recent difficulties in the housing market. Policymakers are currently considering moves such as enforcing more careful underwriting to provide additional discipline to mortgage markets. This research explores the possibility of another approach to supplement or replace some of these efforts, namely the use of policy to create incentives for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (together, the GSEs) to help “check” behavior in non‐prime markets. The hypothesis is that the GSE Act affordable housing goals have increased GSE focus on targeted loan purchases, which in turn has led prime market lenders to compete more aggressively for borrowers on the margin between prime and subprime credit quality. As a consequence, these marginal borrowers will be more inclined to take prime mortgages rather than higher‐cost subprime loans. We test this hypothesis and find empirical support for it. We observe a negative relationship between the growth in GSE market share and the growth in subprime market share over time, and find that the impact of the GSEs on subprime lending tends to be stronger in high‐minority neighborhoods, where subprime lending has been concentrated and growing the fastest. Simulations show that a 10 percent increase in GSE market share (for example, from 20 to 22 percent) can cause 45,000 borrowers using prime instead of subprime loans a cost savings of about $1.7 billion. These results suggest that the GSEs, regardless of their postconservatorship form, should continue to devote attention to serving underserved populations and suggest that significant welfare benefits will accrue. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

后危机时代的家电下乡对经济影响浅析

2007年底,在国际金融危机的大背景下,我国为了扩大内需并有效地服务于三农问题,提出了"家电下乡"的政策。时隔三年,处于后危机时代中,新一轮家电下乡的覆盖面再次被放大,在中国经济转型的关键年,家电下乡不仅仅是拉动内需,更重要的是帮助中国家电企业获得根本性转型的助推力。     

The effects of global crisis on the Albanian economy

East European countries, including Albania aren＇t totally immune from the troubles of the international financial trade, although they will not have direct influence on their finances system. These effects of the global economy crisis have begun to be felt even in Albania. The poor classes will be much more and faster effected from this crisis. This article will treat the effects of the crisis into these classes, and the risks that this crisis brings to their finances. Important factors for this will be the decrease of the monetary incomes in the country, the emigrant remittance and foreign investments decrease and as a result they will influence in a decrease of the income for person in the country, which will have much influence at this level. The intention of the article is to treat the policies that should be taken by the government to protect them. The government of these countries should be concentrated in the social protection of the poor classes and in the ways of overcoming the crisis for them.     

Outlook: The subprime lending crisis: Focus on the problem: Subprime borrowers in trouble

Abstract

Public policy should be directed at serving the large number of borrowers who have recently taken out subprime loans and who are at serious risk of losing their homes when their mortgages reset. Practicing forbearance and providing counseling for defaulting homeowners, as well as allowing them to refinance into a Federal Housing Administration loan, can be particularly helpful. Broad changes in housing programs and in the structure of the mortgage market should be considered on their merits as good or bad public policy for the long term, not simply as solutions to the subprime problem.     

The accumulation of lender-owned homes during the US mortgage crisis: examining metropolitan REO inventories

A key concern among policymakers and community developers in recent years has been the extent to which lender-owned homes, often called real estate owned or “REO” properties, accumulate in different local housing markets during the mortgage crisis. This paper describes the accumulation of REO properties in 356 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) from August 2006 to August 2008. It examines differences in both changes and static levels of REO activity across MSAs and compares changes in REO levels to changes in home values over the same period. Special attention is paid to 12 large MSAs with substantial levels of REO as of August 2008. A model of REO volume at the metropolitan level is estimated that includes differences in state foreclosure legal processes and timing among the independent variables. Finally, cluster analysis is used to identify a simple typology of MSAs based on REO levels and home price changes.     

经济危机与市场经济关系之辨

近年来,学界关于经济危机的讨论变得热火朝天,有些人将经济危机看成是市场经济的必然结果.如果从市场经济的角度分析经济危机的生成机理,会发现投机行为的扩大和流行是造成经济危机爆发的直接原因,而市场经济本身并不能看做是经济危机的根源,只是为经济危机提供了客观基础.但是,当它和社会投机行为相结合时,经济危机就从可能变为必然.     

Political economy of financial crisis duration

Public Choice - Over the last four decades, banking crises around the globe have become longer. Along with the unprecedented government responses to the Great Recession of 2007–2008,...     

The influence of direct democracy on the shadow economy

We analyze, both theoretically and empirically, the influence of direct democratic institutions on the size and development of shadow economies. Our model suggests that, as the extent of direct democracy increases, implemented fiscal policies more nearly reflect the preferences of citizens and so reduce their incentives to operate in the informal sector. This theory implies a negative relationship between the extent of direct democracy and the size of the country’s shadow economy. We also theorize that direct democracy has a greater effect in reducing the informal sector when the former is at low or intermediate values and when the electoral system is characterized by a larger district magnitude. An empirical investigation of a sample of 57 democracies confirms our model’s predictions.     

马克思主义经济危机理论现实意义研究

马克思主义经济危机理论是马克思主义学说的重要组成部分,它揭示了资本主义经济危机的实质和根源。时代在发展,该理论得到进一步的继承和创新。随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立,其对促进我国社会主义市场经济的健康发展同样具有重大的现实指导意义。