冷战后东南亚与南亚两种地缘政治格局之比较分析

东南亚与南亚地缘政治格局的最大特点在于均势,均势通常是指国家间权力分配大体均等的一种态势,均势有两种,大国竞争型均势格局和直接对抗型均势格局,以东南亚与南亚分别为代表。形成原因在于两个地区在地理、历史、现实和各国自身政策选择这四点因素的不同。这两种均势格局在今后一段时间内仍会继续。中国在这两类均势格局中,应以和平共处五项原则为基础,结合自身的战略利益,分别扮演“参与”与“旁观”的角色。     

Regionalization in East Asia

Institutional regionalization has come very late to East Asia compared with Europe, but its pace has dramatically increased since the mid-1990s. Many agreements, including bilateral ones such as those signed between Japan and Singapore, or pluri-lateral ones such as those between ASEAN countries, cover an ever increasing number of countries of the East Asian region, including Japan, India, and China. We first analyze Asian integration as a de facto, spontaneous, development of trade. Trade specialization in Asia has often been described as guided by the different levels of development of the countries participating in the regional integration. It constitutes a vertical division of labor between poor countries exporting natural resources and/or labor-intensive products to developed countries exporting machinery, sophisticated parts and components, and high-tech products. This trade structure is radically different from the European horizontal division of labor (exchange of different varieties of similar goods). Then we look at the micro-economic level how Japanese firms tend to integrate Asia into their international network, with Japanese partners being used as relays for Japanese export of semi-manufactured products. Last we present a simulation with the MIRAGE model of a scenario of general regionalization in which all the regions of the world develop preferential treatment for neighboring countries. These agreements are limited to industrial products with particular attention to the automotive sector. The main results are that Asia is the main winner in such a scenario, and within Asia it is Japan and Korea that will be the main winners. In fact, because developing Asia is one of the most protected regions of the world, the impact of liberalization is also the highest. Second, Japan and Korea are best placed to profit from these regional agreements, because other developed countries are excluded from the market of developing Asia. They also have superiority in manufacturing goods whereas countries like China might have problems upscaling their industrial production. Nevertheless our model did not take into account the voluntary pace of development chosen by China and that she will use her powerful state system to avoid being locked into low-tech, low-value-added products.

东亚、东南亚土壤污染防治法评析

与中国相邻的东亚、东南亚地区,土壤污染防治立法十分活跃,特别是其中的日本、韩国和中国台湾地区,还制定了专门性的土壤污染防治法及其配套法规。本文从立法背景、立法模式等方面,对这些立法及其施行经验予以评析,并对我国正在进行的土壤污染防治立法提供借鉴。     

东亚区域经济一体化：矛盾与创新

近年来东亚区域经济合作蓬勃发展,经济一体化进程明显加快,正在形成多层次和多元化的合作机制和格局,但同时也存在着许多制约因素和内在矛盾,因而迫使东亚国家致力于不断加以探索和创新.从其发展趋向来看,东亚区域经济合作必将从目前以对话协商为主走向制度化和一体化道路,逐步实现建立东亚自由贸易区乃至经济共同体的目标.     

论东亚经济复苏的制约因素及前景

１９９９年东亚经济出现了复苏迹象,国际社会对东亚经济有Ｗ、Ｖ和Ｕ型三种不同走向的判断,东亚经济复苏离不开自身的努力和国际环境的改善,目前这两个方面有不少因素在发生积极的变化,但同时也还存在着许多制约因素,展望东亚经济发展的前景,其经济走向在总体上和短期内不太可能呈现出Ｗ型和Ｖ型而应当是Ｕ型的,只要自身素质和国际环境进一步改善,东亚经济会逐步加快复苏,实现稳定增长。     

新中华法系的诞生?--从三大法系到东亚共同体法

中华法系曾以其独特性屹立于世界法系之林,虽然它在清末就基本解体了,但它数千年积淀下来的法律传统和观念,对东亚诸国的影响仍是深刻的.近年来,在新的时代背景下,既反映西方法律传统,又符合东亚诸国利益及其历史文化传统的东亚共同体法开始形成.新世纪的东亚共同体法是一种全新的法律体系,不能将其简单地看作中华法系的复兴,它是中华法系死亡之后,在更高层面上的一种再生,在某种意义上,我们可以将其称为新中华法系.     

The political economy of regional integration in East Asia

A widely held consensus view claims that East Asia has been shifting recently from a market-led to an institution-based form of regional economic integration, primarily as a result of the 1997–1998 financial crisis. Next to post-crisis financial cooperation schemes under the ASEAN+3, the surge of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) involving East Asian countries is thought by some to further substantiate this claim. The objective of the paper is to question the validity of this claim. By examining the current state of play of economic cooperation, in the financial and monetary areas as well as in the trade sphere, the paper highlights the limitations of the formal regional integration movement in East Asia to date, as well as the vastly different dynamics underlying the financial and trade developments. It also explores the changing nature of intra-regional trade and investment linkages and concludes that this new form of interdependence may be instrumental in changing the trade-offs of formal regional economic schemes.     

区域性公共产品:东亚区域合作的新动力

区域性公共产品理论在区域合作和地区一体化中显示了较强的解释力。东亚区域合作对区域性公共产品的需求,是由该地区各成员国政治、经济和文化的多样性所决定的,提高区域公共产品的供应水平来克服其发展障碍成为东亚各国的内在要求。区域性公共产品与东亚区域合作之间是相互促进的:一方面,区域性公共产品可为东亚区域合作提供新的动力来源;另一方面,东亚区域性公共产品的有效供给与其区域合作的进程是密切关联的,区域合作的不断加强可以使区域性公共产品供给的效率得到改善和提高。     

威权体制在东亚现代化进程中的双刃剑作用

威权体制在20世纪中后期的东亚现代化进程中起到了双刃剑作用。政府积极干预经济促进了经济的发展,但政府理性的有限性又导致了政府干预失当、政府与市场关系畸变;政府的强力控制实现和维护了社会稳定,但权力的随意性和无约束性又滋生了腐败流弊;虽然部分完成了政治现代化的任务,但政治发展与经济现代化之间仍然严重失衡,威权体制最终还是被民主体制所替代。     

论中国法、伊斯兰法和印度法对东南亚的影响

东南亚地区是一个具有相当特殊性的法域,古老的习惯法、古代中国法、伊斯兰法、印度法在这一地区混合,其情形十分复杂、混乱。概括起来,有如下特点:中国作为东亚和东南亚文明的轴心,中国古代法对所有东南亚国家均产生了普遍、深远的影响,但越南、新加坡等国受古代中华法系的影响要大一些;马来西亚、印度尼西亚和文莱等以信仰伊斯兰教为主的国家及菲律宾南部地区则受伊斯兰法的影响较大;三是在地理位置上靠近印度的缅甸、柬埔寨、老挝和泰国则受印度法的影响较大。     

Harbouring the illicit: borderlands and human trafficking in South East Asia

The unique environment of borderlands in mainland and insular South East Asia has facilitated the growth of human trafficking for sexual and labour exploitation. Organised crime groups have seized upon opportunities offered in these geographic locales to develop this illicit industry. This article examines the dynamics of human trafficking in three diverse border areas in the region: the Cambodian-Thai border; Indonesia-Singapore-Malaysia border; and the Thai-Burmese border. An examination of the unique social and power dynamics of the borderlands and a comparative history of these areas will illustrate how organised crime groups have flourished and engaged in human trafficking to support local border sex industries. This trade preys upon the vulnerable and impoverished living on the fringes of border communities. Weak State institutions, entrenched patronage networks, and distance from central control have made these borderlands ideal for criminals to establish themselves and their illicit activities. These same conditions have made it easy for regional tourists to engage in illicit sex in neighbouring countries with little chance of recrimination.     

Nobody Knows Best: Alternative Perspectives on Forest Management and Governance in Southeast Asia

In this paper we propose a framework for understanding how dominant perspectives, or worldviews, influence the crafting of institutions, and how these, in turn, constrain the functions and goals of knowledge systems. Alternative perspectives carry their own set of assumptions and beliefs about who should be making the rules, where the best knowledge lies to guide decisions, and about where more knowledge is needed. Initially, four contrasting perspectives are elaborated: state-, market-, greens-, and locals-know-best. We illustrate the framework by exploring the recent history of forest governance in Southeast Asia, finding several examples of battles of perspectives leading to a new dominant perspective. In each case the dominant perspective itself, old or new, is shown to be defective in some critical way and was, or should be, replaced. The problem is that each of the perspectives considers the world as knowable, manageable, and relatively constant, or at most changing only slowly. Ecological and socio-political crises, however, are recurrent. Management plans and regulations or policies that aim to establish the land-use allocation, the best crop, the best forest management system or the best price or system of incentives, are doomed to failure. If uncertainties are accepted as fundamental, solutions as temporary, and scientific knowledge as useful but limited, then Nobody Knows Best is a modest, but effective heuristic for forest governance.     

A bibliometric analysis of research trends for missing persons globally and in East Asia from 2000 to 2021

A bibliometric analysis was performed to explore the current research status and development trends for missing persons globally and in East Asia and to identify research hotspots and frontiers relating to this topic.A search was conducted to identify relevant literature on missing persons using the Web of Science Core Collection database for the period 2000-2021.Subsequently,a knowledge map was constructed using CiteSpace software to perform a visual analysis of the distribution of authors and institutions,journals,and national/regional distribution;citation frequency;high-frequency keywords;and emerging research hotspots.The results showed firstly that discussions on missing persons and related topics in East Asia are held at the regional scale.There is a paucity of research on this topic,which has been conducted on a limited scale,lacks depth and possibly innovation,and entails limited discussion in this region.Secondly,there is a lack of social science research on missing persons and related topics worldwide.Thirdly,relevant research in East Asia should continue to preserve its own characteristics,effectively addressing current issues and enabling more people to participate in social science-oriented discussions focusing on the topic of missing persons.This approach provides a promising direction for pursuing the sustainable development of the topic of missing persons.     

亚洲航运联营体的经营

论述了航运联营体产生的背景及原因,解释了航运企业如何组建或参加航运联营体,并通过分析联营体协议主要条款的方式介绍了航运联营体的经营管理,进而探讨了航运联营体在经营管理过程中可能产生的纠纷。     

南亚地区合作:从地区认同的构建到地区主义的形成

冷战结束后,地理空间的认同取代了意识形态的认同,地区合作成为各国谋求进一步发展的重要手段和行动取向之一。由于历史和地缘政治的因素,南亚地区的两个大国印度和巴基斯坦一直没有实现关系正常化,阻碍了地区合作的进展。推进南亚地区合作,需要建立稳定的印巴关系,推进制度化建设,进行互信建设,以培育地区认同。合作安全应当是南亚地区合作的基本范式,能否实现其合作安全主要取决于印度对自身在南亚的身份定位及对参与南亚地区合作自我意识的建立。     

Characteristics and prospects for East Asian economic integration: a Korean perspective

In terms of economic regionalism, East Asia lags far behind other major regions. It was only recently that institutionalization of regional economic integration was started among East Asia countries. However, functional economic integration has continuously proceeded among East Asian economies even without a region-wide RTA. This paper analyzes the trends of functional economic integration both in terms of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) among East Asian economies, and reviews recent developments of economic regionalism in East Asia. It also addresses the prospects for a region-wide FTA in East Asia and draws some policy implications for East Asian countries at this juncture of economic regionalism in East Asia.

中国参与东北亚地区经济合作问题探析

目前,区域经济一体化的影响逐渐显现出来,加强东北亚区域经济合作,促进地区经济更好、更快发展已成为相关各国的一项基本共识.本文分析了东北亚地区各国经济发展的现状和制约区域经济合作发展的因素,并对中国应在东北亚地区经济合作中扮演什么样的角色提出了一些建议.     

东亚法治社会论纲

东亚国家形成法治社会是历史的必然 ,是市场经济和民主政治的共同要求。东亚国家形成法治社会的内在动力是商品经济的发展 ,其内在精神要件则是不同于新教伦理的其他理性文化。由于形成法治社会内在要素的条件和时间不同 ,东亚国家走上法治社会也就具有指导思想、进程、政府地位和民族性等方面的多元特色。