从商标抢注看商标法完善

在市场竞争日趋激烈的今天,商标抢注事件时有发生。商标抢注行为违背了商标法的立法宗旨、损害了商标在先使用者的利益和消费者的利益,违背了诚实信用原则,扰乱了正常的社会经济秩序。商标抢注问题亟需解决。本文对商标抢注现象产生的原因及其危害进行了分析,指出了现有立法的不足,并提出了完善我国商标法、制止恶意抢注商标行为的立法建议。     

The Consumer as the Empirical Measure of Trade Mark Law

Although consumer responses to signs and symbols lie at the heart of trade mark law, courts blow hot and cold on the relevance of empirical evidence – such as surveys and experiments – to establish how consumers respond to alleged infringing marks. This ambivalence is related to deeper rifts between trade mark doctrine and the science around consumer decision‐making. This article engages with an approach in ‘Law and Science’ literature: looking at how cognitive psychology and related disciplines conceptualise consumer decision‐making, and how counterintuitive lawyers’ approaches appear from this perspective. It demonstrates how, especially when proving confusion, decision‐makers in trade mark demand the impossible of empiricists and are simultaneously blind to the weaknesses of other sources of proof. A principled divergence, without seeking to collapse the gaps between legal and scientific approaches, but taking certain small steps, could reduce current problems of proof and contribute to better‐informed, more empirically grounded decisions.     

试论商标法中在先权的保护与限制

在先权和在后权根植于同一客体 ,它们取得的依据既可以是同一部法律 ,又可以是不同的法律。在先权和在后权因时间或者程序的先后而产生。对根植于同一客体且都是依据《商标法》但因时间和程序在先而获得的在先权 ,可分为在先申请权、在先使用权、在先注册权、在先驰名权。这些在先权与相应的在后权可能会发生冲突。因此 ,既要按照利益比较原则、相对适用保护在先权原则、保护与限制并重原则、禁止权利滥用原则及诚实信用原则予以保护 ,又要依法对其加以适当限制。     

Beyond Peirce: The New Science of Semiotics and the Semiotics of Law

This paper shows how Peirce's semeiotic could be turned into a powerful science. The New Science of Semiotics provides not only a new paradigm and an empirical justification for all these applications, but also a rational and systematic procedure for carrying them out as well. Thus the New Science of Semiotics transforms the philosophy of law into the science of legal scholarship, the discipline that I call jurisology.

Semiotics and the Spectacle of Transformation in Copyright Law

Copyright law is often premised on the identification of an author of a literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work, and then giving this author exclusive rights for a limited period to control the commercial exploitation of his or her intellectual creation. However, the hegemonic modernist position of the romantic authorial text has been challenged by numerous scholars who have argued that the meaning of a text lies not in its origin but in its destination. Roland Barthes’ work, controversial at the time of publication with its assault on modernity and the primacy of authorial control, has nonetheless laid the groundwork for an important body of scholarship on interpretive communities. Whether one adopts the position of neoconservative postmodernism or poststructural postmodernism, this article argues that a semiotic analysis of works of copyright as “signs”, “myths” and “polysemous texts” will nonetheless offer an important framework to understand the full reach of the transformative use doctrine in the United States today.     

从商标权财产化角度论商标专用权人资格等相关问题

一、前言 商标权的性质本来就带有浓厚的财产性,但在历史上世界各国的立法例,都并非先由于其财产性而加以保护,反而是以保护社会公益的目的,如：借对商标的监督管理,以保障产品的质量、消费者的权益、企业的公平竞争等公益的角度率先立法,如1266年英国政府颁布了一项面包师强制标志法。根据该法:一...     

The Semiotics of Memes in the Law: Jack Balkin’s Promise of Legal Semiotics

The jurisprudent Jack M. Balkin introduced the analogy of memes as a semiotic device for understanding the law. His notion of cultural software into which this device was inserted is developed first, followed by a development of memetic analysis and its several semiotic dimensions. After a brief treatment of the position of ideology in view of memetic analysis, and the corresponding notion of transcendence, Balkin’s explicitly semiotic setting for this doctrine is displayed. This method is then briefly applied to the civilian doctrine of patrimony, to supplement Balkin’s application of it to common law institutions.     

网络交易平台的法律地位——从一则商标侵权案谈起

自20世纪90年代始,世界进入网络时代,特别是90年代后期,电子商务,无论从技术、管理方面, 还是从安全保护方面都已趋于完善,当前世界经济已进入以电子商务为代表的知识经济或新经济时代。我国还是一个发展中国家,目前的电子商务尚处于发展初期,在这方面的法律规范尚属空白。因此,对一些利用网络交易平台进行侵权(特别是一些知识产权侵权)的行为,法律在制止直接侵权者的同时,对网络交易平台提供商是否承担法律责任,并未明确规定。这就涉及到网络交易平台的法律定位问题。本文试从一则商标侵权案例中就网络交易平台的法律地位问题谈一些浅薄的看法,以此在推动我国电子商务立法方面尽一点绵薄之力。     

论驰名商标及其法律保护

我国《商标法》中没有关于驰名商标的规定,这显然与加强驰名商标保护的国际潮流不相适应.建立和完善驰名商标法律保护制度,扩大驰名商标的保护范围,加大惩处侵权人的力度,迫在眉睫.     

Law and Social Inquiry: Commentary on a Psychoanalytic Semiotics of Law

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique -     

From Brand Performance to Consumer Performativity: Assessing European Trade Mark Law after the Rise of Anthropological Marketing

Since the 2009 CJEU decision in L'Oréal v. Bellure, the idea that a brand's image is the property of the trade mark owner has become increasingly entrenched within European trade mark law. Brand image is now protected even where there is no harm to the underlying mark. However, the courts have largely failed to acknowledge the radical ways in which the marketplace for goods bearing trade marks has changed in the past three decades. One key shift is that businesses and marketers no longer view the brand creation process from a top‐down ‘brand performance’ perspective, but, rather, through the prisms of ‘anthropological marketing’ and ‘consumer performativity'. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this article dissects the process of brand creation in the context of European trade mark law, and argues that the law must take account of consumer agency when the question of who should own brand image arises.     

美国判例法:商业秘密价值性的确定与证明

商业秘密价值性乃是商业秘密的构成要件以及判断侵权行为成立与否的要素.对此,美国判例法已经形成被告使用了商业秘密、原告因商业秘密而产生了收入、商业秘密对被告具有价值和原告为研发商业秘密投入了精力、时间和金钱这四个主要判断要素.在规则阙如之际,美国判例法所形成的这些规则,可以为我国司法实践所借鉴.     

Armed Conflicts,Images of Law and Legal Semiotics

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique -     

Great Expectations: AI and Law as an Issue for Legal Semiotics

Trying to build computerprograms that can assist the practicing lawyerin solving concrete cases is scientificallychallenging and financially attractive. So far,the practical results of such endeavors arerather modest, but that may change. This paperexamines the possible impact in the future ofadvanced advisory software on the semantics andpragmatics of law. Two kinds of computerprograms are discussed, viz., expertsystems and dialogue models. It is argued thatsuch systems may affect adjudication in someimportant ways, and that jurists shouldtherefore develop a more critical attitudetoward the use of such systems. Furthermore, itis argued that the widespread idea that the useof computers leads to more objectivity is onthe whole mistaken. As to the role of computersin legal decision making, the final question isnot: can they do it? But: do we want to let them doit? All this does not mean, however, thatjurists should turn away from ArtificialIntelligence and Law. On the contrary,developments in that field can be highlystimulating for legal theory and legal semiotics.     

商标五分法的法学与符号学分析

所谓商标五分,是指按照是否具备显著性以及显著性强弱将各种标志划分为臆造商标、随意商标、暗示商标、描述性词汇和通用名称五种类型.     

民法规范在行政法中的适用

民法与行政法虽各有特性,但也有共通之处。在行政法规范出现漏洞时,出于平等和正义的要求,适用民法规范既有可能,也有必要。但民法规范并非一律可以直接适用,而要根据有无行政的特殊需要来作出判断。民法中的一般法律原则、一般法律制度以及法律技术性规定等通常可以直接适用于行政法领域。其他民法规范虽然未必直接适用,但仍可能根据平等原则的要求,进行类推适用。无论是直接适用还是类推适用,均应以行政法规范存在漏洞为前提,并遵守合理的规则和界限,否则也会破坏民主与法治原则。