Evaluating Police Reform in Post‐Conflict Nations: A Solomon Islands Case Study

The process of post‐conflict police reform has been the subject of serious scholarly attention, principally driven by the sense that police institutional rebuilding cannot be achieved quickly and that the police are only one part of the wider justice sector. However, police reform is a complicated process, and the cultural, institutional, and political challenges to effective development are immense. The process of reform is further complicated through the inherent difficulty in evaluating the impact of a development programme on police performance. This study uses an outcomes‐ or evidence‐based police measurement system called ‘Police Reform Indicators and Measurement Evaluation’ (PRIME) to assess the performance of the police capacity‐building programme and other improvement projects that have commenced since the deployment of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) in July 2003. The application of the process to the Royal Solomon Islands Police (RSIP) identified that, although there are a number of areas that are still to be strengthened or rebuilt, the Participating Police Force (PPF) has been able to implement capacity development programmes that have resulted in the advancement of the RSIP towards a professional police service. The application of PRIME to the RSIP and the intervening police mission demonstrates that it could be used as a tool to evaluate police reform efforts in similar post‐conflict nations such as Iraq and Afghanistan.     

“人本”语境下的规则冲突与冲突规则

"人本相同"是国际社会公认的普世价值,但事实上的"人本不同"造成了各国民商事法律规定的冲突。"人本"语境下的冲突法应尊重人的价值,维护人的权利,重视人的发展,以促进全球范围内民商事活动的顺利进行、物质资源的合理配置、人类社会的和谐共存。我国《涉外民事关系法律适用法》以"人本"思想为价值导向,多采双边冲突规则,坚持内外法律平行,注重冲突法的实质正义,平等保护内外国当事人的合法权益,体现了"以人为本"的科学发展观,为构建和谐国际民商事秩序保驾护航。     

事后不可罚行为研究

事后不可罚行为是指在状态犯的场合,为了确保、利用或处分本罪行为所获不法利益而针对同一法益(即本罪法益)实施的,尽管形式上符合相关犯罪的构成要件,但因未超过原法益侵犯范围和程度而不可罚的行为。法益侵犯说基础上的构成要件解决理论是事后不可罚行为的理论根据。事后不可罚行为是与法条竞合并列的一种本来一罪的类型。只有在正确把握上述基本理论的基础上,实践中才能正确认定和处理事后不可罚行为及其司法适用问题。     

Conflict from comity

In matrimonial proceedings in England the court decided thata Jersey trust, of which husband and wife were among the beneficiaries,was a post-nuptial settlement. The court made an order underthe     

Post mortem kinetics of secobarbital

Post-mortem changes in barbiturate concentrations were evidenced using a rat-secobarbital model. The method used for the extraction and HPLC assay of barbiturates is suitable for all biologic fluids and post-mortem tissues. Kinetic data obtained is of excellent quality. Various modelization constants were defined. This experimental work emphasizes the difficulty of post-mortem toxicology, as concentrations found at the time of autopsy may be different from concentrations at the time of death, in blood as well as in tissues.     

知识产权的权利冲突及其解决之探讨(下)

（接上期） 2.知识产权立法及执法部门对知识产权权利冲突的解决 如前所述,我国知识产权权利冲突也存在立法上的原因.     

知识产权的权利冲突及其解决之探讨（上）

从理论上说,知识产权权利体系中的各权利的配置都有其特定的依据,任何一项知识产权专项权利的设置都是在知识产权"天平"中增加的一个平衡的"砝码",各权利在知识产权权利体系中应"和平共处",而不能互相排斥、冲突.但在现实中,由于绝大多数国家对知识产权各权利的配置都是采用单行立法的形式,未充分顾及各自调整的权利关系在知识产权"大家庭"中的"和睦共处",这就很可能出现权利设置的冲突或者空白遗漏.近年来,关于知识产权诸部门法的交叉重叠关系,对同一对象的权利冲突关系、重叠保护关系和选择保护关系,一直是知识产权法学界研究较为活跃的问题.本文即拟对知识产权的权利冲突及其解决问题作一初浅探讨.     

利益冲突的法律控制

转型时期的中国正面临更加复杂和多样的社会问题,核心问题是控制日益表面化的利益冲突。法律对利益冲突的控制应从立法和司法两个方面入手:一是用立法建立起服务于最大多数人最大利益的利益整合制度,分配利益,保障利益和协商利益,在宏观上防范利益冲突的发生;二是用司法建立合法利益的救济机制,抑制非法利益,平衡合法利益,包容法外利益,在微观上解决具体的利益冲突。     

规范的冲突与平衡--关于"婚礼后的诉讼"的几点思考

2000年某日,某电视台晚间《新闻调查》节目对一"婚礼后的诉讼"进行了追踪报道.该案的被害人叫王某,女,村民.1996年经舅父介绍,王某与邻村村民李某(本案被告)相识.     

多权力格局的冲突与协调——以本轮房地产调控为中心所展开

房居事关民生,中央政府已出台一系列政策,仍无法控制房价的飞涨.需求和供给能解释大部分高房价,但仍无法解释为什么中央政策的失效.高房价是一系列主体的行为所导致,政府之间、政府部门间的冲突放纵了房价的上涨.更深刻的原因在于我国政制的不足,权力行使应被制约,但也要使它有效协调运作.     

事后受贿行为的认定

我国刑法第 385条规定了受贿罪 ,指国家工作人员利用职务上的便利 ,索取他人财物 ,或者非法收受他人财物 ,为他人谋取利益的行为。由于本罪内部构造特殊 ,往往表现出繁杂的非典型形式 ,造成认定上的困难 ,其中尤以事后受贿最具代表性 ,本文对此进行探讨 ,以求教于学界同仁。一、事后受贿的概念在刑法中 ,关于“事后”的提法并不多 ,汇总起来大致有犯罪故意类型中的事后故意 ;状态犯中的事后不可罚的行为 ;分则中的事后抢劫行为等。从这些有关“事后”的概念中可以 ,所谓事后 ,是指主要的犯罪事实发生于后的情形 ,它指代的是时间概念 ,在刑法…     

Post mortem markers of chronic alcoholism

We compared the post mortem diagnostic value of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), blood alcohol concentration (BAC), the presence of multiple bruises and poor hygiene of the feet as markers of chronic alcoholism (heavy continuous drinking) in 32 alcoholics with 32 age-sex matched controls drawn from a forensic autopsy population. Alcoholics and controls were selected on the basis of positive and negative medical history but controls were excluded if BAC exceeded 70 mg%. Femoral venous blood, urine and vitreous humour alcohol concentrations were determined by headspace gas chromatography (GC). BAC was positive in 19 alcoholics (mean 234 mg%, range 2–570 mg%) and six controls (mean 32 mg%, range 2–52 mg%). Serum GGT was measured by a kinetic photometric method, and CDT by both isoelectric focusing/laser densitometry and by a commercial radioimmunoassay kit (CDTect^™). Features of alcoholic liver disease were graded histologically using two weighted scoring systems. Eleven alcoholics tested positive for GGT, CDTq and ALD, nine were positive for two tests, five for one test and three were negative for all three tests. No controls were positive for all three tests but six were positive for two tests and nine for only one test; 17 were negative for all three tests. Using the normal clinical cut-off values GGT, CDTq and CDTect^™ gave poor specificity which was improved at moderate cost to sensitivity by raising cut off values for each test. Comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves, likelihood ratios and post-test odds showed CDT to be the best individual test, followed by ALD and GGT. Quantitation of CDT by IEF/laser densitometry performed slightly better than MAEC/RIA by CDTect^™. CDT shows considerable promise as a post mortem marker of chronic alcoholism.     

权利冲突之辨析

权利冲突问题是法理学领域的一个重要课题。从权利的形式来源的分类法出发,可以把权利冲突细化为法定权利与法定权利之间的冲突、道德权利与道德权利之间的冲突、法定权利与道德权利之间的冲突三种形式。