WHY PARTIES AGREE TO MEDIATE

Although proponents of mediation have identified various advantages of mediation over other dispute resolution processes, utilization rates for many mediation services remain far below the expectations of their benefactors. This naturalistic inquiry explores why clients of child protection mediation actually chose to participate in mediation, and identifies differences with proponents' views of what makes mediation desirable.     

人民调解制度的创新与发展

进入21世纪以后,我国人民调解无论在立法上,还是在实务中,都出现了比较大的创新,人民调解组织不再局限于村委会和居委会的人民调解委员会;人民调解员不再局限于村民委员会成员、居民委员会成员及群众选举产生的公民;人民调解协议具有合同效力;人民调解与诉讼（司法）实现了有效衔接与对接。在调解全球化的趋势下,要保持我国人民调解的活力,并发挥更大的作用,有必要进一步明确人民调解在我国纠纷解决体系中的地位,更好地处理好人民调解与诉讼的关系,深刻把握人民调解的正当性基础,严格规范人民调解员的行为。     

论法院调解保密原则

调解保密性是现代社会法院调解程序发展的内在要求。调解保密性包括调解程序保密性和调解信息保密性。我国关于调解保密性的规定主要关注调解程序的保密性,但调解保密性更要求调解信息保密性。明确调解信息保密性的含义,合理规制＂调解保密信息＂的范围,建构多元化的调解保密适用方式,是多元化纠纷解决机制稳健运行的重要前提。     

Confidentiality and Privilege for Family and Child Protection Mediation: A Roadmap for Navigating the Innovation,Inconsistency and Confusion

This article will identify the inconsistency and confusion in mediation regarding the definition of mediation, the role of the mediator, and the difference between mediation confidentiality and privilege. Further, it will discuss the confusion and inconsistency in the protection of mediation communication, specifically regarding the definition of mediation communication, the time frame for protected communication, waiver of the protections and exceptions to protected mediation communication. It will provide a roadmap and fact pattern for determining whether mediation communications are protected and if so, the protection they are afforded. Lastly, it will offer recommendations so parties, professionals and the courts may better understand and reap the benefits of mediation.     

可行与可及：论医院内部调解的正当性及功能

医院内部调解是在医疗纠纷解决过程中发挥重要作用但往往被人们忽略的一种有效调解形式。以调解的正当性要求审视,医院内部调解可以在符号、语言、程序和关系网络等方面实现调解的中立要求,也可以在治疗型调解和教化型调解中满足调解的合意要求,这证明了医院内部调解的可行性。实践证明,医院内部调解可以较大提高纠纷的终结力,提高医患双方对解纷的满意度,还能有效维护医疗秩序和提高医疗质量,这证明了医院内部调解的可及性。     

调解权的价值、性质与实现

本文以纠纷当事人的调解权为核心和基础,以调解权与相关国家权力的关系为视角,分析了调解权的被动性、调解权的差异性以及调解权的受支配性等特征。认为当事人之间的调解权利意识,是社会公众所昭示的公共性政策在法律领域的延伸,强调在需求多样化与多元化的今天,调解权的实现有利于维护公民的利益。     

大调解实践背景下的立案调解机制研究

立案调解是中国在世纪之初由人民法院发起的一种调解样式,其快速勃兴对于扩大调解适用范围发挥了重要作用。在大调解的实践背景下,立案调解宜广义理解为在立案阶段由人民法院主导进行的调解。西方国家多门法院系统的实践对于我国立案调解机制的建构具有启发意义。人民法院需要在保持司法品性的前提下对接大调解。立案庭可以被改造为类似多门法院系统的案件甄选和转介机构。构建立案调解机制的重点在于实现三调联动,并正确处理与诉权保障的关系。此外,人民法院还可以通过法定方式提升立案调解结果的效力。     

WHAT WE KNOW NOW: FINDINGS FROM DEPENDENCY MEDIATION RESEARCH

After approximately 15 years of research on court-based dependency mediation programs, answers have emerged for many, but not all, of the questions that surround dependency mediation. This article explores what has been learned about court-based dependency mediation through research and what new and persisting questions remain. The article reviews empirical studies of child protection mediation. The topics considered include what we have learned about the organization and structure of mediation programs, what have we learned about settlement in mediation, and whether there are benefits to mediation beyond the mere fact that settlements are reached.     

民事审前调解程序的构建

法院调解历来是解决民事纠纷的重要途径,针对我国传统法院调解中＂调审合一＂、＂调解与审判功能混淆＂的弊端,民事审判制度的改革提出了＂调审分离＂的改革方案。审前调解就是实现调解程序和审判程序分离,是在立案后开庭审理之前,由法院专门调解人员主持下进行的调解。审前调解程序具有当事人处分权优先性、独立性、契约性、职业化和专业化的特征,具有不同于审判程序的调解原则和程序设置。     

浅析成都新创医患纠纷调解机制--华西坝“调解天团”

近年来,医患纠纷数量多、调解难度大的问题依然显著存在。调解作为传统的医患纠纷处理方式之一,仍存在各部门缺少协同治理、调解员缺少专业医学知识等问题。华西坝派出所"调解天团"在调解医患纠纷中,借鉴其他地区先进的调解模式和经验,新创由患方、医方、医学专家组和调解员组成的调解模式,弥补传统调解方式的不足,兼具公平性、专业性与及时性,有利于从根本上解决医患纠纷。但在实践中仍然存在部分问题,可通过建立"互联网+调解"模式,加强宣传与推广、培养专业性与复合型的调解人才来不断发展与完善。     

Internal Contradictions of Judicial Mediation in China

Judicial mediation in China represents an extreme case of integration between adjudication and mediation. Based on ethnographic work and extensive interviews, this article studies how judicial mediation actually works in China. It finds that the incorporation of mediation as part of the official trial process creates a set of internal contradictions. In addition to the role conflict inherent in a judge's acting also as a mediator, adjudication and mediation stages are organized by different principles. When the rather rigid format of adjudication is carried over to in‐trial mediation, it curtails the flexible, nonlegalistic approach that mediation is meant to promote. Challenged authority, an uncontrolled process, narrowed issues, and weakened norms all make a settled outcome difficult to achieve. In comparison with judicial mediation in other jurisdictions, this case study from China has important theoretical implications for understanding the limits of informal justice.     

民事诉讼调解模式研究

在民事诉讼调解社会化和构建多元化纠纷解决机制的当前语境中,从权力配置的视角对民事诉讼调解进行模式化的分析并提炼出权力独享型民事诉讼调解、权力共享型民事诉讼调解和权力分享型民事诉讼调解三个概念是对民事诉讼调解进行一般性研究的创新尝试,不仅可以为社会公众认知各式各样的民事诉讼调解提供智识上的帮助,而且可以通过对不同模式的民事诉讼调解之运作机理的概括、解释来为民事调解的现代转型提供支持。     

Disputed child custody: strategies and issues in mediation

Disputed child custody is a significant life stressor for both adults and children. Recent efforts have been made to develop a model for family mediation and subsequent clinical strategies that can attempt to address the stressors involved in divorce and perhaps resolve, through mediation, the posttrauma stress experienced by both spouses and children. Reviewed is the literature on the impact of separation and divorce on families and the use of family mediation to resolve disputes. It further addresses psychologic factors involved in the mediation process and the possible effects of mediation on divorce. An established family mediation model for treatment is presented in detail, as are clinical issues often addressed in the family mediation process. Issues and import for clinical application and research are offered.     

SPOUSAL CONSENSUS ON THE DIVORCE DECISION AND MEDIATION OUTCOME

This study examined the relationship between spousal consensus on the decision to divorce and mediation outcome. Based largely on clinical experience and deductive reasoning, the conceptual literature has held that low consensus is negatively related to success in divorce mediation. To empirically explore this relationship, 72 families beginning court-ordered divorce mediation were asked whether they agreed that divorce was the best way out of their problems. Statistical analysis of their responses as they related to the outcome of mediation did not support the conceptual literature. No significant relationship was found between spousal consensus on the divorce decision and mediation outcome, a finding which agrees with the limited empirical research. This indicated that mediation is more tolerant of spousal nonconsensus than had been assumed in the divorce mediation literature.     

行政诉讼应该确立调解原则吗?

在制度多元的今天 ,在纠纷解决机制日趋灵动的当今社会 ,调解所具有的优越性固然不应该被忽略 ;但是 ,在我国行政审判的现实环境下 ,一旦在实定法上规定调解原则 ,调解本身所具有的弊端极可能彰显无疑。从策略上考虑 ,在撤诉制度实践事实上已起到调解作用的情况下 ,不宜再在立法上确立行政诉讼调解原则。     

诉讼调解的经济分析——以法院为中心

在新制度经济学的视角下,诉讼调解是一种理性活动,法院在调解程序的选择和适用上不可避免地会追逐自身利益的最大化。法院的自利行为与实现当事人利益最大化的调解制度的根本目标之间常常会发生悖离。因此,我国调解制度必须控制法院的利益驱动,规范法院的调解行为,强化当事人的程序选择权和程序决定权。     

中国调解功能的演变及制度创新启示——基于1988年至2010年统计材料的分析

为回应法学和法律界对调解的不同评价以及相关制度创新的争论,基于对1988年至2010年我国人民调解、司法调解和司法非调解方式结案的数据分析,可以发现:随着社会的发展,在社会纠纷的解决中调解的功能是在下降的,但在今天,调解仍是我国纠纷解决不可或缺的重要手段;人民调解的功能呈下降趋势,而司法的功能则在不断上升;在司法中,司法调解的功能总体上在下降;在婚姻家庭继承、合同纠纷、权属侵权及其他三大类案件中,司法调解的功能各不一样。由此,我们在相关制度创新方面要根据实际情况进行,切不可以一刀切或以运动的方式推行。     

PROFESSIONAL INTERDEPENDENCE IN DIVORCE PRACTICES

Divorce mediation is one area of the new and growing field of interpersonal mediation. Differences and similarities between divorce mediation and divorce psychotherapy are discussed in this article, and a method for teamwork between the two professions is proposed. The authors take the approach that the separate but overlapping practices of mediation and psychotherapy can be interdependent and that specific benefits to divorcing clients can result when divorce mediation and divorce psychotherapy are practiced collaboratively.     

法院协助调解机制研究

协助调解是我国法院当下正在大力推进的一种多元化纠纷解决的机制,实行协助调解是我国法院在新时期对依靠群众解决民事纠纷的调解传统的回归。协助调解在性质上仍然是法院调解,实行协助调解既有法律依据,又有理论依据和现实依据。协助调解取得成功的关键在于找到适当的协助人,事先建立协助人队伍、储备协助人资料才能够发现适当的协助人。当前,需要通过增进对协助调解必要新的认识、建立协助入队伍、发掘潜在的协助人、积极培育专业性调解组织、加大巡回审理的力度、为协助人提供适当的报酬来推进协助调解。     

委托调解的制度要素

委托调解的正当性和制度功能已为司法政策和国家治理政策所肯定。委托调解的实效发挥有赖于其制度要素的合理改进与持续完善。法院的管辖范围和可适用的审理程序决定着其是否有权进行委托调解。委托调解人应保持组织型和个人型并存的格局,可依次采用共同选定、商请法院确定和法院依职权确定三种方式予以确定。适用委托调解的案件应首先具备"可调性",且不只限于简单民事案件。依职权启动委托调解不会使参加程序的强制变为接受处理结果的强制,且可缓和合意贫困化所带来的机制紧张。处理好立案审查和立案前委托调解启动二者之间的先后关系,立案前委托调解将不会影响到对当事人之裁判请求权的妥当保障。对委托调解之期限的长度确定、延长以及是否从法定期间中扣除离不开谨慎的考量。法院对委托调解协议负有合法性审查义务且依其只能制作民事调解书。委托调解结案可收取更低的案件受理费,但不能免除。