政治文明的宪政维度

政治文明是个历史的范畴 ,不能无指向、无语境地空谈。如果以近现代意义上的宪法诞生为界限 ,那么 ,在此之前的“政治文明”即古典政治文明 ,与宪政似无太大联系 ;但宪法诞生后 ,政治文明就与宪政形成了不可分割的结构性关联。从历史理性的角度看 ,宪政是近现代政治文明的必然选择 ,是近现代政治文明的基础与标志 ;从功能分析的角度看 ,宪政比民主更契合近现代政治文明的核心内容 ,更适合充当近现代政治文明之“核心”这一角色 ;从价值理性的角度看 ,宪政的“真”、“善”、“美”内质使其鹤立于一般的政治要素群 ,宪政乃近现代政治文明之灵魂。     

国际法与国内法关系的法理思考

关于国际法和国内法的关系问题,理论上出现过多种学说。基本学说有二元论、国内法优于国际法的一元论、国际法优于国内法的一元论、协调论;国内主要有相互联系论、法律规范协调论、利益协调论等。国际法和国内法是有着本质区别但是联系又十分密切的两个法律体系;二者在各自利益的推动下协调发展;在当今全球化趋势下,有趋同化的走势。     

国际商法与国际经济法关系的法理学思考

大陆法系和英美法系之间存在着两种不同的法律部门划分的思维进路。按照大陆法系的法律部门划分进路所理解和界定的国际商法是“国际性的商法”,国际经济法是“国际性的经济法”。按照美国式法律部门划分进路,国际商法是指“国际商务中的法”,国际经济法是指“国际经济交往中的法”。在我国,尽管国内法部门划分采用的是大陆法系的思维进路,但在国际法层面上,尤其是在国际经济法领域,却较多受到了美国的影响。     

The Current Political Discourse Concerning International Law

Reading current statements of world leaders on subjects relevant to international law is liable to cause confusion, even distress to those for whom the 1945 regulatory arrangements, as completed in the post‐Cold War era, have become the norm. On occasions international law is invoked, but in what seems an increasingly antagonistic way, amounting often to a dialogue of the deaf. At other times it is apparently or even transparently ignored. This touches many of the arrangements governments spent the preceding period seeking to establish. Is there a pattern to all this, and how should we respond? How susceptible is the edifice of international law to such rhetoric? These issues are examined in the context of the law of withdrawal from treaties. Three recent high profile examples are examined: Brexit, South Africa's purported withdrawal from the Rome Statute, and the United States’ announced withdrawal from the Paris Agreement.     

论“碳政治”博弈的国际法治理

围绕哥本哈根国际法进程而展开的碳政治博弈,因《哥本哈根协议》的无约束力而造成零和博弈的结果,也使未来国际法进程面临＂双轨＂抑或＂三轨＂并进的机制选择,同时,气候变化的国际法治理仍将针对＂共同但有区别责任＂的适用而展开,国际社会如能经由＂人类共同关切事项＂明确＂共同责任＂的内涵,通过实质性公平原则而认同＂区别责任＂的要旨,推动《哥本哈根协议》的落实和发展,将在＂霸权缺失＂下的＂碳政治＂博弈中,以＂软法＂特有的张力和灵活性,维护＂共同但有区别的责任＂的国际法地位,并弥合各方分歧,促进＂为今世后代保护全球气候＂的可持续发展目标的实现。     

The Political Offender Exception in International Extradition Law: Terrorism Versus Human Rights

The political offense exception in the law of international extradition is one of the issues over which the justifiability of terrorist violence is being debated. The evolution of the political offender exception is sketched and the provisions of the 1986 Supplementary Treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, which effectively eliminated the political offender exception for violent offenders, are outlined. The debate over the merits of the Treaty then is summarized. A concluding analysis suggests that limited violence is justified in defense of democracy and fundamental human rights and that the political offender exception should be interpreted so as to promote these values.     

Beyond Constitutionalism: The Search for a European Political Imagination

Two recent books, Joseph Weiler's The Constitution of Europe and Larry Siedentop's Democracy in Europe, seek to address one of the defining issues in contemporary European legal studies; the search for a European public philosophy. Both site their critiques within a particular jurisprudential tradition, the modernist; one that is bound up with anxieties about legitimacy and constitutionalism. This review article suggests that the ‘new’ Europe has been too easily distracted by the lures of constitutionalism, and more particularly by the temptations of Treaties. Public philosophies are not found in Treaty articles. Rather, a public philosophy is a state of mind, a product of the political imagination. And it is the absence of such an imagination which lies at the root of contemporary concerns regarding constitutionalism and legitimacy; the concerns which underpin Weiler's and Siedentop's books. A discussion of these books, in the first two parts of this article, is followed by a discussion of Godfried Wilhelm Leibniz's ‘universal’ jurisprudence. It is suggested that such a jurisprudence is better able to furnish a public philosophy for the ‘new’ Europe; just as, indeed, it was for the ‘old’ Europe. Moreover, such a jurisprudence is far more than a mere theory of laws and constitutions. Leibniz's jurisprudence requires that we think, not merely ‘beyond’ sovereignty, or even beyond democracy, but beyond constitutionalism.     

中国"和平崛起"与当代国际法

目前西方社会存在着"中国威胁论",这是违背事实的,中国的和平崛起,不仅不会搞乱现有的世界政治、经济,特别是法律秩序,而且会使当今世界政治经济格局和法律秩序更趋合理,更加稳定.     

行政法教学的省思:期待续集

<正>亲爱的罗伊·斯格特兰德:我带着极为浓厚的兴趣阅读了你与狄克·皮尔斯对话的文章,而且我也禁不住要对你们长期以来的关于行政法教学范围的讨论予以回应。你使用影片“五部轻松的戏剧”(five easy pieces)来形成你自己的思想。依照好莱坞的传统,行政法教学的续集已经开始谱写。学生应该学习两个学期的行政法:一个学期主要侧重于行政程序(行政法Ⅰ),另一个学期则     

论国际法的政治基础

国际法与国际政治之间存在一种相互强化和相互渗透的关系。一方面,自国际法产生以来,国际法的发展时常受到国际政治的制约;另一方面,国际法一经确立就对国际政治关系产生重要影响。在未来的国际体系中,国际法将逐步摆脱强权政治的束缚,作用也会更加突出。     

Threats of Armed Force and Contemporary International Law

Netherlands International Law Review -     

Jurisdictional Immunities in Contemporary International Law from Asian Perspectives

This study is part of a series of inquiries being made to ascertainthe extent and practical usefulness of the part played by Asiannations in their individual and collective contribution to thenorms-formulating functions of Asian States as members of theglobal community. The current paper is confined to the threeareas of jurisdictional immunities in the practice of Statesunder contemporary international law. The first part relatesto Asian practice and the practice of other nations affectingAsian communities in regard to the Immunities of States andtheir Property from the jurisdiction of other national entities.The second part deals with the current practice of diplomaticand consular immunities, available also to ad hoc or SpecialMissions. The third part concerns the immunities accorded byStates to international organizations or in connection withthe exercise of their official functions. The final part containsconcluding observations calling for meticulous care and attentionto find a practical approach to the nature and extent of immunitiesneeded and the necessity to maintain a delicate balance betweenthe interests of the donors and recipients of immunities soas to avoid possible abuses. Asian and non-Asian nations alikeare equally grantors and beneficiaries of immunities under review.     

论中国近代国际法观念的肇兴

在经历了两次鸦片战争之后 ,伴随着国际法的译介和传播以及对外交涉的需要 ,中国传统的国际观念发生了深刻的变化 ,近代意义的国际法观念开始萌生。在此基础上 ,近代开明的士人官僚形成了较为明确的国家主权意识和国家主权平等观念。并以国际法为依据开展对外交涉 ,创建近代外交机制。     

国际私法中法律选择方法的价值探究

法律选择方法①中的价值观,表现为对形式正义和实质正义的不同追求。传统方法追求法律选择中的形式正义,现代理论则主张以法律适用的结果和利益来决定法律选择,即追求法律选择中的实质正义。法律应当是两大价值的综合,即法律旨在创设一种正义的社会秩序,那么当代②法律选择追求的应是两者的融和与平衡。最密切联系原则依托于连接因素,又使法官的自由裁量权得以发挥,为两种价值观的平衡实现提供了可能。而最终价值的真正实现,还必须对最密切联系原则的成熟形态进行不断地探索。     

支撑现代政治正义制度的美德精神——西方现代政治伦理论争

西方现代政治伦理论争揭示:现代政治正义制度无法脱离公民美德精神而独立存在,必须获得公民美德精神的支撑.不同思想家关于现代政治制度正义与个体美德关系的论辩分歧,事实上均以自己的特殊方式提出了统一二者的渴望,这表明二者是互为依赖、互为因果、双向互动的互反馈平衡系统.     

中国当代著名国际法学家倪征(日奥)

倪征(日奥)(1906-2003),中国当代著名国际法学家,出生于江苏省吴江县.1928年毕业于东吴大学法律系;之后留学美国,获斯坦福大学法学院博士学位,并受聘为约翰·霍普金斯大学荣誉研究员;回国后在大学教授法律课程,兼做律师;1945-1946年再赴美英进行司法考察;1946年以中国检察官首席顾问的身份参加东京大审判;1956年出任中国外交部顾问;1971年中国重返联合国后,他多次作为代表出席国际海洋法大会;1981年当选为联合国国际法委员会委员;1984年,当选为联合国国际法院法官,成为新中国历史上第一位国际法院法官.     

联合国改革与现代国际法：挑战、影响和作用

联合国的改革进程涉及诸多国际法问题，它对国家主权平等原则、不干涉内政原则和禁止以武力相威胁或使用武力原则提出了挑战。联合国改革与集体安全制度、《联合国宪章》的修改也密切相关。在联合国的改革进程中，现代国际法将发挥重要作用。同时，联合国改革又将进一步推动现代国际法的发展。