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1.
Recent research has highlighted the role of culture in emerging adulthood (age between 18 and 25 years). However, most studies have examined majority cultures (e.g., China) as well as subcultures (e.g., American ethnic minorities). Thus, work on other aspects of culture such as religion is needed given the emerging evidence that it may have an impact on development. This study explored the role of religious culture in the emerging adulthood of college students. Participants were 445 undergraduates (ages 18–20 years) from institutions that were Catholic (31 males, 89 females), Mormon (48 males, 200 females), and public (21 males, 56 females). Results found religious differences in (a) the criteria young people deemed necessary for adulthood, (b) the extent to which emerging adults felt they had achieved these criteria, (c) various aspects of spirituality including practices and beliefs, and (d) the behaviors in which emerging adults engage.Portions of this study were presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Adolescence, Baltimore, Maryland, in March 2004.Assistant Professor of Psychology at Loyola College in Maryland. She received her PhD in 2001 from the University of Maryland, College Park. Her major research interests are in social-and self-development during adolescence and emerging adulthood.Assistant Professor of Marriage, Family, and Human Development in the School of Family Life at Brigham Young University. He received his PhD in 2000 from the University of Maryland, College Park. His major research interests are in social-and self-development during early childhood and emerging adulthood. 相似文献
2.
Raymore Leslie A. Barber Bonnie L. Eccles Jacquelynne S. Godbey Geoffrey C. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》1999,28(1):79-103
Leisure is an important context in which human development occurs. Changes in leisure behavior patterns may indicate changing developmental needs or reflect contextual changes that impact leisure behavior. The transition from adolescence to young adulthood provides an excellent opportunity for the study of the stability of leisure behavior as individuals' contexts are changed with the adoption of adult roles and the potential for disruption of leisure patterns exists. Previous studies investigating leisure and the transition from adolescence to young adulthood have tended to be cross-sectional and focus on specific leisure behaviors rather than identifying patterns of leisure behavior. The present study involved a longitudinal investigation of leisure behavior patterns over a three-year period during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood, and determined the nature of leisure pattern stability and instability during this period. In general, leisure pattern stability was the most common pathway into young adulthood. The patterns of leisure behavior and the nature of the changes that occurred with the transition from adolescence to young adulthood differed to some degree for males and females, although similarities in patterns and transitions were also found. 相似文献
3.
Some recent studies suggest that sexual minorities may have worse health-related outcomes during adolescence because they
report lower levels of family connectedness, a key protective resource. Using data from wave 3 of the National Longitudinal
Study of Adolescent Health (n = 11,153; 50.6% female; mean age = 21.8 years), this study extends prior research on adolescents to young adults. We examine
whether lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults report lower levels of parental support than their heterosexual peers
and whether differences in parental support help explain why LGB young adults tend to have worse health-related outcomes.
We find that lesbian and bisexual women report lower levels of parental support than heterosexual women and that gay men report
lower levels of parental support than bisexual and heterosexual men. Compared to heterosexual women, lesbian and bisexual
women have higher odds of suicidal thoughts and recent drug use; bisexual women also have higher odds of elevated depressive
symptomatology and heavy drinking. Gay men have higher odds of suicidal thoughts than heterosexual men. With the exception
of heavy drinking, parental support either partially or fully mediates each of the observed associations. Even though the
transition from adolescence to young adulthood is characterized by increased independence from parents, parental support remains
an important correlate of health-related outcomes during this stage of life. Sexual minorities report lower levels of parental
support during young adulthood, which helps explain why they have worse health-related outcomes. Interventions designed to
strengthen relationships between LGB young adults and their parents could lead to a reduction in health disparities related
to sexual orientation. 相似文献
4.
José A. Bauermeister Marc A. Zimmerman Tracey E. Barnett Cleopatra Howard Caldwell 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(7):877-890
Researchers have found mixed support for documenting whether work is protective or harmful during adolescence. This study
examined the association between work and problem behaviors among African American youth (N = 592; 53% female; M = 14.8 years, SD = .60) followed from mid-adolescence to young adulthood over eight Waves (90% response rate over the first four Waves and
a 68% response rate across all eight Waves). We explored three competing operationalizations of work: work history (never
worked, worked), work intensity (no work, 20 h or less, and 21 h or over), and work trajectories (never worked, episodic work,
stopped working, late starter, and consistent worker). Non-working youth reported higher marijuana use during young adulthood
than their working counterparts. Nonworkers reported lower self-acceptance during young adulthood than those working greater
number of hours per week. Differences in work trajectories for cigarette use, depression, and anxiety during adolescence imply
that when and for how long youth work are also important factors to explore. Our findings lend tentative support to the work
benefits perspective and suggest that the association between work and problem behaviors may depend on the work measure used.
We discuss the implications of employing different work measures in adolescent research.
相似文献
Cleopatra Howard CaldwellEmail: |
5.
Allison M. Ryan Sungok Serena Shim Kara A. Makara 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2013,42(9):1372-1384
Moving from elementary to middle school is a time of great transition for many early adolescents. The present study examined students’ academic adjustment and relational self-worth at 6-month intervals for four time points spanning the transition from elementary school to middle school (N = 738 at time 1; 53 % girls; 54 % African American, 46 % European American). Grade point average (G.P.A.), intrinsic value for schoolwork, self-worth around teachers, and self-worth around friends were examined at every time point. The overall developmental trajectory indicated that G.P.A. and intrinsic value for schoolwork declined. The overall decline in G.P.A. was due to changes at the transition and across the first year in middle school. Intrinsic value declined across all time points. Self-worth around teachers was stable. The developmental trends were the same regardless of gender or ethnicity except for self-worth around friends, which was stable for European American students and increased for African American students due to an ascent at the transition into middle school. Implications for the education of early adolescents in middle schools are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Camillia K. Lui Paul J. Chung Steven P. Wallace Carol S. Aneshensel 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2014,43(7):1134-1150
The transition from adolescence to adulthood is a critical time for status attainment, with income, education, work experience, and independence from parents accruing at varying speeds and intensities. This study takes an intergenerational life-course perspective that incorporates parents’ and one’s own social status to examine the status attainment process from adolescence into adulthood in the domains of economic capital (e.g., income) and human capital (e.g., education, occupation). Survey data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (analytic n = 8,977) are analyzed using latent class analysis to capture the ebb and flow of social status advantages and disadvantages from adolescence (Wave 1) through young adulthood (Wave 3) into adulthood (Wave 4). The analytic sample is composed of 50.3 % females and 70.2 % Whites, 15.3 % Blacks, 11.0 % Hispanics, and 3.5 % Asians ages 12–18 at Wave 1 and 25–31 at Wave 4. Four latent classes are found for economic capital and five for human capital. The importance of parents’ social status is demonstrated by the presence of large groups with persistently low and persistently high social status over time in both domains. The capacity of individuals to determine their own status, however, is shown by equally large groups with upward and downward mobility in both domains. These findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of social status during this critical developmental period. 相似文献
7.
Rebecca S. Mart��nez O. Tolga Aricak Misha N. Graves Jessica Peters-Myszak Leah Nellis 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(5):519-530
One of the most fundamental factors related to psychological well being across the lifespan is whether a person perceives social support from important others in his or her life. The current study explored changes in and relationships among perceived social support (SS) and socioemotional adjustment (SEA) across the 1-year transition from elementary to junior high school. Two cohorts of students (N = 140) participated in the current study that took place across a 3-year time span. Analyses of the transition data for boys and girls together reveal declines in perceived total support and teacher support as well as an increase in self-reported school problems. When considering the sexes separately, girls?? perceived total support, close friend support and school support declined while boy??s self-reported school problems increased across the transition. Although social support did not emerge as a mediator or predictor for any of the socioemotional variables in the current study, results reveal that, in general, perceived social support and socioemotional functioning at the end of the last year of elementary school predicts perceived social support and socioemotional functioning at the end of the first year of junior high school. Study limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Ethnicity-based negative treatment during the transition to college may affect the long-term adjustment of ethnic-minority youth. We examined within-person changes in youths' perceptions of overt discrimination and their sense of their ethnic group being devalued by the larger society among 563 Latino, European, Asian, and other ethnic minority emerging adults across the transition to college (M (age)?=?17.79, SD?=?.37, 54.7% female). Analyses tested for group and context differences and associations between perceived discrimination and societal devaluation of their group and adjustment. Results indicate that although perceived discrimination decreases over time, perceived devaluation by society increases. Social context did not affect changes in perceived discrimination and societal devaluation. Whereas perceived discrimination was associated with depressive and somatic symptoms for everyone, perceived societal devaluation was only consequential for ethnic minorities. Future research should identify possible moderators to help students cope with experiences of discrimination and feelings of not being valued by society. 相似文献
9.
Robert J. Constantine Ross Andel John Robst Eugenia M. Givens 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2013,42(8):1286-1298
This article identifies the arrest trajectories of youth from ages 12 through 24 years old and tests hypotheses derived from Moffitt’s developmental taxonomic theory of crime concerning the impact of various emotional disturbances on the specific trajectories of the youth involved. The study uses exclusively administrative data sets and includes a gender and racially diverse sample of 10,360 youth (30.7 % females) who were arrested at least once between ages 12 and 24 in the early 2000s. Latent class growth analysis was employed in order to identify distinct arrest trajectories of youth in the sample. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify diagnostic and other characteristics associated with membership in the specific trajectories predicted by Moffitt’s theory. Five trajectory classes were identified, 3 of which were consistent with taxonomic theory including high and classic adolescence limited trajectory classes and a “snared adolescence limited class” described more recently by Moffitt. The distribution of youth among the 5 classes was very different for those with and without emotional disturbances. Youth with emotional disturbances in their late adolescent years were more likely to fall into the high arrest trajectory class and much less likely to fall into the low arrest trajectory class. Compared to youth without an emotional disturbance, youth with psychotic disorders were more than twice as likely to fall into the high as into the low arrest trajectory class. Youth with disruptive behavior disorders were more than twice as likely to fall into the high and intermediate classes as into the low trajectory class. Anxiety and depressive disorders were not associated with significantly greater likelihood of falling into any one of the trajectory classes. Youth in the snared adolescence limited class were more likely than those in the classic adolescence limited class to be male, black versus white and in the foster care enrollment category lending some support to Moffitt’s conceptualization of this class as an adolescence limited class composed of youth who are snared by involvement in the criminal justice and or social services systems. Implications of these results for public policy and the study of adolescence are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Chun Bun Lam Anna R. Solmeyer Susan M. McHale 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(12):1657-1670
Although socioemotional competencies have been identified as key components of youths’ positive development, most studies on empathy are cross-sectional, and research on the role of the family has focused almost exclusively on parental socialization. This study examined the developmental course of empathy from age 7 to 14 and the within-person associations between sibling warmth and conflict and youths’ empathy. On three occasions across 2?years, mothers, fathers, and the two eldest siblings from 201 White, working- and middle-class families provided questionnaire data. Multilevel models revealed that, controlling for youths’ pubertal status and parental education, girls’ empathy increased during the transition to adolescence and then leveled off, but boys’ lower levels of empathy remained relatively unchanged. Moreover, controlling for parental responsiveness and marital love, at times when firstborns and second-borns reported more sibling warmth and less sibling conflict than usual, they also reported more empathy than usual. The within-person association between sibling warmth and empathy also became stronger over time. Findings highlight gender differences in empathy development and the unique role of siblings in shaping each other’s socioemotional characteristics during adolescence. 相似文献
11.
Hyeouk Chris Hahm Yoona Lee Al Ozonoff Michael J. Van Wert 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(5):528-540
The purpose of this study was to investigate how different types of child maltreatment, independently and collectively, impact
a wide range of risk behaviors that fall into three domains: sexual risk behaviors, delinquency, and suicidality. Cumulative
classification and Expanded Hierarchical Type (EHT) classification approaches were used to categorize various types of maltreatment.
Data were derived from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Our sample consisted
of White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian females ages 18 to 27 (n = 7,576). Experiencing different kinds of maltreatment during childhood led to an extensive range of risk behaviors within
the three identified domains. Women experiencing sexual abuse plus other maltreatment types had the poorest outcomes in all
three domains. These findings illustrate that it may no longer be appropriate to assume that all types of maltreatment are
equivalent in their potential contribution to negative developmental sequelae. 相似文献
12.
Joel R. Sneed Fumiaki Hamagami John J. McArdle Patricia Cohen Henian Chen 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(3):351-362
Emerging adulthood is a period in which profound role changes take place across a number of life domains including finance,
romance, and residence. On the basis of dynamic systems theory, change in one domain should be related to change in another
domain, because the concept of development according to this approach is a relational one. To evaluate this hypothesis dynamic
systems analysis was applied to data from narrative interviews of 200 respondents covering the years between 17 and 27 to
examine how change in one domain affects change in another domain. In each dyad, the fit of the model significantly deteriorated
when the coupling between domains was removed providing support for the assumption of interdependency. On average, assuming
greater responsibility in one domain was associated with assuming greater responsibility in the other domain. However, imbalances
were also observed in which role assumption in one domain far exceeded role assumption in another domain. These imbalances
can have detrimental effects and indicate the utility of a balanced approach to development. The findings underscore the importance
of studying the relational unit between domains, which is critical to understanding development over time within domains.
Post-Doctoral Research fellow in Geriatric Neuro-Psychiatry at Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons and
the New York State Psychiatric Institute. He received his PhD in Clinical Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst
and his major research interests include statistical methods for evaluating psychiatric nosology, late-life depression, and
the stability and change of personality and personality disorders across the lifespan.
Research Scientist at the University of Virginia. He received his PhD in Quantitative Psychology at the University of Virginia.
His primary interests are in longitudinal data and applying dynamical concepts to structural equation modeling and multilevel
methodology.
Professor of Psychology at the University of Southern California. He received his PhD in Psychology at Hofstra University.
He is principal investigator of the NIA funded National Growth and Change Study and has primary interests in the dynamics
of cognitive ability over life span with special emphasis on longitudinal research designs, methodology, and statistical modeling.
Research Scientist at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Professor of Public Health (Epidemiology) in Psychiatry at
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Columbia University School of Public Health. She received her PhD
in social psychology at New York University. Major interests include quantitative methodology and statistics, developmental
psychopathology, and lifespan development.
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. He received his M.D. and Ph.D.
in Biostatistics in China. His research interests include epidemiological studies, quality of life, and multivariate statistical
methods. 相似文献
13.
Evidence suggests that lesbian and gay young adults use substances more frequently than their heterosexual peers. Based on
the life course perspective, we argue that this difference may be due to the unavailability of marriage as a turning point
in the lives of lesbian/gay young adults. We use data from a nationally representative sample of youth (N = 13,581, 52.4% female, 68.6% white, ages 18—26) to examine sexual orientation differences in substance use and explore whether
these differences vary by romantic partnership formation in young adulthood. We find that the formation of more serious partnerships
(e.g., cohabitation, marriage) is associated with less frequent substance use among heterosexual young adults, though this
pattern does not hold for lesbian and gay young adults. We conclude that the partnership options available to lesbians and
gay men do not provide the same health-protective benefits that marriage does for heterosexuals. 相似文献
14.
Nancy L. Galambos Johanna Darrah Joyce Magill-Evans 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2007,36(6):825-834
This study examined subjective age (how old one feels) and associated variables in 148 emerging adults, ages 20–30 years.
Seventy-six participants had a motor disability (cerebral palsy, spina bifida) and 72 had no motor disability. Participants
completed questionnaires and were interviewed. There was no significant difference in subjective age between groups. Consistent
with previous research, chronological and subjective ages were significantly negatively related in participants without motor
disabilities. Chronological and subjective ages were unrelated in the group with motor disabilities but higher psychosocial
maturity was related to an older subjective age. Perceptions of how much parents fostered autonomy did not predict subjective
age in either group. In both groups, individuals whose parents treated them as younger reported feeling younger. Number of
role transitions did not predict subjective age. The results highlight the importance of exploring motor disabilities as a
source of diversity in the subjective ages of young people during the transition to adulthood.
相似文献
Nancy L. GalambosEmail: |
15.
Hawkins MT Letcher P Sanson A O'Connor M Toumbourou JW Olsson C 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(11):1436-1452
Calls have been made for a greater focus on successful development and how positive functioning can be conceptualized in theory
and empirical research. Drawing on a large Australian community sample (N = 890; 61.7% female), this article examines the structure and stability of positive development at two time points during
young adulthood. Previously, we developed and empirically tested a model of positive development at 19–20 years comprised
of five first-order constructs (civic action and engagement, trust and tolerance of others, trust in authorities and organisations,
social competence, and life satisfaction) and a second-order positive development construct. In the current study, we replicated
this model at 23–24 years and found that it was again a good fit for the data, and was equally applicable for young men and
women. Hence, positive development can be conceptualized according to five important dimensions at both ages. While variable-oriented
tests suggested continuity in levels of positive development, person-oriented analyses revealed four distinct patterns of
positive development over time—two reflecting stability (stable high [34.5%] and stable very low [11.6%]) and two characterized
by change (low/average increasing [30.4%] and average decreasing [23.5%]). There were significant differences in the gender
composition of these groups, with young women overrepresented in the more favourable groups. Thus, despite mean level stability,
positive development is characterized by change for many young people, suggesting the importance of identifying factors that
support young people’s capacity for positive functioning over this transitional period. The current findings contribute to
our understanding of the nature and course of positive development over this important period. 相似文献
16.
Henkens Juul H. D. Kalmijn Matthijs de Valk Helga A. G. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2022,51(2):305-319
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Life satisfaction is crucial for healthy development into adulthood. However, it is yet largely unknown how life satisfaction develops in the transition to... 相似文献
17.
Laura M. Padilla-Walker Madison K. Memmott-Elison Matthew G. Nielson 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2018,47(9):1853-1865
Despite high profile examples that are highlighted in the popular media, we know little about high-cost prosocial behaviors such as defending and including, and how these behaviors might change over time and vary by individual. Thus, this study explored defending and including behaviors across the transition to adulthood by assessing growth and profiles of these high-cost prosocial behaviors over a four-year time span. In addition the study explored gender, emotional (sympathy), cognitive (personal values), individual (self-esteem), and relational (maternal warmth) factors during adolescence that predicted profiles of defending and including during the transition to adulthood. Participants were 469 individuals (52% female, 70% European American) who participated at four time points (ages 18–21). Growth curve analyses showed that defending and including behaviors decreased slightly across the transition to adulthood and these behaviors tended to vary as a function of the target of the behavior. Latent profile analyses revealed three groups at each age, one with low, one with medium, and one with high levels of defending and including. The discussion focused on the prevalence and change in defending and including behaviors during the transition to adulthood, as well as the variability that exists in high-cost behavioral profiles. 相似文献
18.
Latinas in the United States are at a disproportionate risk for STDs and sexual risk behaviors. Among Latinas, acculturation
has been found to be one of the most important predictors of these behaviors. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal
association between Latina adolescents’ level of acculturation and multiple sexual risk outcomes, including self-report STD
diagnosis, four or more life-time sex partners, regret of sexual initiation after alcohol use, and lack of condom use during
young adulthood. Based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study includes a nationally
representative sample of 1,073 Latina adolescents (ages 11–20 at Wave 1) transitioning into young adulthood (ages 18–27 at
Wave 3). Our findings indicate that more acculturated Latinas who spoke English at home were more likely to have STDs and
to exhibit sexual risk behaviors than Latinas who were foreign-born and did not use English at home. Interventions that aim
to promote sexual and reproductive health among young Latinas should take into consideration their different levels of acculturation.
This approach holds greater potential for reducing health disparities among Latinas. 相似文献
19.
20.
Leslie A. Raymore Bonnie L. Barber Jacquelynne S. Eccles 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2001,30(2):197-223
Few researchers have examined the role that life transition events play in the maintenance of or change in leisure behaviors across the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. This study examines the role that leaving home, going to college, having a committed partner, and becoming a parent played in intraindividual change and stability in leisure patterns. The data were from the Michigan Study of Adolescent Life Transitions (MSALT), and were collected during the final year of high school and 3 years following high school. Results suggest that transition events are particularly useful in predicting female leisure pattern stability or change; going to college and leaving home were generally predictive of the maintenance of a stable leisure pattern, while becoming a partner and becoming a parent were predictive of change. For males, the most useful predictor of stability or change was leaving home. However, the nature of the relation of the transition events to pattern stability or change depended on the type of initial leisure pattern. 相似文献