胚兔牙乳头发育生物行为的观察

为阐明胚兔牙胚在发育中外胚、外胚间质的相互诱导 ,利用光镜、电镜、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜及特殊染色方法 ,观察了胚兔 15～ 2 9d发育阶段牙乳头细胞形态学的改变。结果表明 ,牙胚蕾状期牙乳头尚未分化 ;帽状期间质细胞增生形成牙乳头 ,在外胚成釉器细胞的诱导下形成牙乳头 ,即牙髓和牙本质形成的器官 ;钟状期 ,牙乳头为成釉器包围 ,牙乳头边缘部的间质细胞在外胚成釉器细胞的诱导下分化为成牙本质细胞 ,未来形成冠、根部牙本质 ;牙乳头内部则形成未分化的间质细胞 ,继而分化为牙髓细胞及其基质。牙乳头发育过程中外胚与外胚间质相互诱导 ;牙乳头在细胞分化过程中有的细胞分裂与细胞程序性死亡并存 ,对未来决定牙齿的形态和维持牙齿组织内环境的稳定具有重要作用。     

胚兔成釉器发育生物行为的观察

利用光镜、电镜及特殊染色方法 ,观察胚兔胚龄 15～ 2 5d的发育阶段成釉器细胞形态学的变化及胚胎诱导的生物行为的改变。结果提示 ,成釉器在发育过程中具有细胞增殖、组织分化、形态分化、基质形成、矿物化、萌出 ,均有胚胎诱导 ;在成釉细胞发育过程中存在着程序性细胞死亡 (programmedcelldeath ,PCD)的现象 ,以维持牙体和牙髓组织的正常形态的稳定性 ,避免牙体畸形及肿瘤的发生     

胚兔牙板发育的形态学观察

用光镜、电镜及特殊染色方法 ,对胚兔 15～ 2 5日龄的胚胎发育阶段牙板 (dentallaminae ,DL)进行形态学观察 ,表明胚兔在发育过程中DL来源于外胚层衍化的上皮 ,在可能发生牙齿部位 ,外胚、间充质这些细胞的相互作用 (胚胎诱导 ) ,为DL发生创造条件 ,使口腔黏膜上皮向间充质组织增生的DL形成牙胚 ;在牙胚形成的过程中 ,DL的牙源性上皮细胞存在着增生与凋亡 ,以调控牙胚发育生理性的稳定及牙齿的数目、形态的异常 ,进一步表明胚兔DL在发育过程中存在着形成牙齿遗传的潜能及细胞凋亡现象 ,为研究人类DL形成、分化、结构及颌骨内牙源性肿瘤和牙畸形提供动物模型。     

鸡胚胎腺垂体糖蛋白激素α亚单位细胞的发育及其变化

应用免疫组织化学方法,对第3.5～20.5天鸡胚腺垂体糖蛋白激素α亚单位(PGHα)细胞的发生及其在发育过程中的变化规律进行了研究。结果,鸡胚发育的早期(第6.5天),可观察到少量明显的PGHα细胞分布于腺垂体前、后叶,随着胚胎的发育,PGHα细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),分布于腺垂体前、后叶和结节部,且后叶PGHα细胞数多于前叶。早期PGHα细胞体积小、细胞浆少、细胞核大,随着胚龄的增加,细胞体积增大、细胞浆增多、细胞浆浓染。结果表明,鸡胚腺垂体PGHα细胞发生于胚胎发育的早期,细胞的增殖和分化过程发生在胚胎发育的中后期。     

鸡胚免疫器官组织学发育过程观察

通过对孵化至 12～ 2 1日龄鸡胚的免疫器官胸腺、脾及腔上囊进行组织学连续性观察 ,较为详细地描述了鸡胚免疫器官的组织发育过程。观察结果显示 ,胸腺的组织结构发育和形成较早 ,自 12日龄起胸腺就已形成原始的胸腺小叶 ;虽然脾在 12日龄时就已初具轮廓 ,但脾直到 18日龄才开始隐约形成形态可辨的红髓和白髓 ;腔上囊淋巴滤泡自鸡胚发育到 17日龄时即渐趋明显 ,但完整的滤泡皮质和髓质结构在出壳前仍然处于分化成熟阶段。     

鸡胚胎腺垂体卵泡刺激素细胞的发育及其变化

应用免疫组织化学方法,对发育的第3.5～20.5天鸡胚腺垂体卵泡刺激素(FSH)细胞的发生及其在发育过程中的变化规律进行了研究。结果,鸡胚发育的中期(第10.5天),可观察到少量明显的FSH细胞分布于腺垂体后叶,随着胚胎的发育,FSH细胞数量显著增加(P<0.05),发育的第16.5天FSH细胞数量增加到了整个孵化期的最大值,分布于垂体后叶的腹侧,前叶仅有少量零散的FSH细胞;在发育的第18.5天至出生期FSH细胞数量显著减少。早期FSH细胞体积小、细胞浆少、细胞核大,单个或团状分布,随着胚龄的增加,细胞体积增大、细胞浆增多、细胞浆浓染。结果表明,鸡胚胎腺垂体FSH细胞发生于胚胎发育的中期,细胞的增殖和分化过程发生在胚胎发育的中后期;FSH细胞分布于垂体后叶腹侧。     

小鹅瘟病毒荧光抗体的制备与应用

将小鹅瘟病毒 (GPV )分离毒xw株接种健康兔获得兔抗GPV超免疫血清 ,由此制备兔抗GPV荧光抗体。采用直接荧光抗体试验对人工感染雏鹅、鹅胚及自然病例进行了检测。结果表明 ,该方法可检出患病组织中的病毒抗原 ,且肠和肝的含毒量高于尿囊细胞。     

兔脑炎原虫引起脑星形胶质细胞增殖和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达

为了研究兔脑炎原虫引起脑组织星形胶质细胞增生的特点和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达的丰度,经特殊染色、免疫组织化学染色和免疫印迹技术对30只病兔和10只对照兔的脑组织进行了详细的研究。结果显示,病兔的脑组织出现了弥漫性或局灶性非化脓性脑炎病变及不同形态的特异性肉芽肿。用改良的革兰染色可在肉芽肿的上皮样细胞及坏死组织中检出蓝色的兔脑炎原虫;用甲基绿派若宁染色可在上皮样细胞的胞质中检出红色的兔脑炎原虫;用抗-GFAP免疫组织化学染色,见病兔脑组织中有大量星形胶质细胞增生,在脑肉芽肿及血管套周围也有大量反应态星形胶质细胞,使之与正常脑组织隔离,增生的星形胶质细胞的足突在血管周围、脑软膜下和室管膜细胞的基底部形成厚层屏障膜。用免疫印迹技术检测,病兔脑组织中GFAP表达的丰度明显高于对照兔,且与抗-GFAP免疫组织化学染色的结果相一致。研究结果表明,兔脑炎原虫能引起脑组织中星形胶质细胞增生,反应态的星形胶质细胞形成的各种屏障膜可保护脑组织免受更大的损伤。     

新城疫病毒诱导原代鸡胚成纤维细胞自噬的研究

为掌握新城疫病毒(NDV)在原代鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上诱导细胞自噬的特性,用NDV感染CEF后,以电镜观察自噬体形成、GFP-LC3荧光迁移以及Western-blot检测LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ转化判定自噬。p62降解和GFP-LC3向溶酶体的转移判定自噬流。结果显示,在感染后第12~24小时能在细胞中发现大量双层或单层膜结构;转染的GFP-LC3质粒在病毒感染后呈现显著的点状分布,尤其在NDV感染形成的合胞体中明显;且病毒感染后期发生明显的LC3-Ⅰ向LC3-Ⅱ的转化。NDV感染能够诱导p62蛋白的降解,共聚焦结果显示,GFP-LC3在病毒感染中后期发生向溶酶体的转移,说明NDV感染能够诱导完整自噬流的产生。结果表明,NDV感染CEF后能够强烈诱导细胞自噬发生,这为进一步研究新城疫病毒和禽源细胞互作奠定了基础。     

鸭瘟病毒CY07株诱导的细胞凋亡及凋亡对其增殖的影响

通过荧光染色对鸭瘟病毒(DPV)CY07株诱导的细胞凋亡进行了测定,并通过real-time PCR测定了其在鸭胚成纤维细胞上的增殖规律,探讨了DPV CY07诱导鸭瘟发生的机制.结果显示,DPV CY07株诱导鸭胚成纤维细胞凋亡的凋亡率于接毒后第12 h时达到峰值12.85%,对照毒株鸭瘟标准毒诱导的细胞凋亡在接毒后第8 h达到峰值10.57%.DPV CY07株的数量在接毒后第20 h开始急剧增加,至第24 h增幅为102.02;鸭瘟标准毒的数量在接毒后第16 h开始急剧增加,至第24 h增幅为102.21,且试验结束时DPV CY07株的病毒量低于鸭瘟标准毒株.说明,DPV CY07株诱导细胞凋亡的能力较强,这可能是其毒力强的主要原因.     

泰国医疗保健旅游业发展策略研究

医疗保健旅游是一种集旅游和健康服务为一体的新型旅游方式,正日益成为旅游业的一个新亮点,成为旅游经济发展的主力军。泰国在发展医疗保健旅游方面起步较早,市场已趋于成熟。但该行业在亚洲竞争激烈,要达到2014年创收2万亿泰铢的目标,泰国政府部门在政策上要继续给予宽松支持,相关企业在营销策略上要有所调整,在服务质量和员工素质上还须提高。     

绵羊肺泡毛细血管的扫描电镜观察

运用血管铸型和扫描电镜技术对绵羊肺实质内微血管的构筑特征进行了观察,旨在揭示绵羊肺泡毛细血管的分布特征,为哺乳动物肺微血管的研究积累资料,并为牦牛肺微血管的进一步研究奠定基础。观察结果显示,低倍镜下,在截面上可见肺实质内的微血管网均呈大小不等的蜂窝状结构,肺泡囊和肺泡的轮廓清晰可见;高倍镜下肺泡毛细血管网呈网络状,视野内大部分肺泡毛细血管网伸展良好。经与文献中有关动物肺泡毛细血管的研究结果相比较,本试验中绵羊肺泡毛细血管的构筑特征与新生牦牛、双峰驼相近,而与人、犬、猴、兔、鼠等动物差别较大。     

Beyond NGDOs: Is Utopia still viable?

This article describes the need for non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs) to examine and so enhance their role if they are to take an active part in the shaping of a structurally different society. It is argued that mainstream NGDOs belong to a broader alternative movement which is involved in the search for equitable and sustainable forms of social organisation. In understanding development as a process of empowerment, NGDOs are bound to encounter both internal and external resistance. However, to be effective and to have credibility, it is argued that Northern NGDOs must challenge inequality in their own societies, as well as internationally and through the work they support in developing countries.     

The public spheres of unprotected workers

This article examines emergent forms of political subjectivity amongst subordinate social forces, focusing on how ‘unprotected’ workers in household relations of production can become political subjects antagonistic to world order. For unprotected workers the very lack of institutional protection makes articulating political demands risky. At the same time, the need to conceptualise the manner in which the workers in the households and in proximate forms of social relations of production become political subjects is increasingly urgent. The article begins by articulating a conception of the public sphere relevant to the forms of political subjectivity examined. The argument then proceeds to situate the family in the global political economy. Next, the article examines the circulation of women between the household and proximate forms of social relations of production. It is in this circulation that unprotected workers produce potential and emergent counter-public spheres needed for the forms of political subjectivity that challenge the dominant forces in world order.     

斯里兰卡2019年总统大选及新政府政策走向

2019年11月16日,斯里兰卡举行总统大选,反对党人民阵线党候选人戈塔巴雅·拉贾帕克萨凭借多数票的压倒性优势战胜执政党候选人萨吉特·普雷马达萨,当选为第七任总统。此次大选竞争激烈但和平有序,政治力量对比展现了由分散角逐到新两极形成的趋势,左翼力量异军突起,对斯里兰卡政治发展具有历史性意义。戈塔巴雅的胜利说明他致力于维护国家安全、推进治理改革的强国家政权路线和稳重务实的作风获得了选民的认可。新政府未来五年的施政重点将放在提高国家安全保护能力、调整经济发展结构和改革政府治理体系等方面,在发展友好型对外关系的同时调适对大国关系。面对新政局,中国需要妥善应对,推动中斯关系迈上新台阶。     

Interrogating the security–development nexus in Brazil’s domestic and foreign pacification engagements

This article approaches the Brazilian military involvement in the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti and the pacification programme undertaken in Rio de Janeiro favelas under the name of ‘Pacifying Police Units’ (Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora) in order to understand the forms through which a specific security–development nexus is mobilised in those security practices, as well as the policies and priorities which are legitimated by such mobilisations. It is argued that these engagements are marked by a conception of such nexus in which the first element, security, is constructed as the production of public order; and the second one, development, is constantly postponed as a goal, in spite of official discourses which construct it as a priority in Brazilian internal and external engagements. The analysis of these practices may shed light on some of the possible mobilisations of security and development in future Brazilian engagements at home and abroad, especially in the context of the proliferation of UN stabilisation missions.     

家兔源性大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

兔大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌都可引起仔兔腹泻、死亡等疾病,二者混合感染后对仔兔危害极大。为了确定引起仔兔腹泻、死亡的病原,本研究对河南省某兔场断奶前后病死仔兔进行剖检。通过采集腹泻、死亡仔兔肝脏、肺脏、脾脏、盲肠、肠系膜进行病原菌分离培养、形态观察、PCR鉴定,最终鉴定该病死仔兔为大肠杆菌与肺炎克雷伯氏菌混合感染。经药敏实验发现,分离得到的大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌同时对庆大霉素、头孢氨苄、头孢唑啉、头孢哌酮、头孢拉定等五种药物敏感,对其他药物有不同程度的耐药性。上述研究结果为兔大肠杆菌和肺炎克雷伯氏菌混合感染的分离鉴定以及科学指导用药提供了参考。     

The dimensions of the divide: vertical differentiation,international inequality and North–South stratification in international relations theory

Recent attempts at developing social-structural accounts of the international order have suggested that the international system might be analysed in terms of patterns of vertical differentiation and stratification. Taking up this challenge, this article argues that inequality should be understood as part of the ‘deep structure’ of the international system rather than in terms of the attributes of individual states. It suggests that we can understand how stratification and vertical differentiation emerge by examining five dimensions along which processes producing asymmetry occur, focusing on transactions between actors. These dimensions are: inter-state political hierarchy; secular socioeconomic development within societies; global stratification within the world economy; the dynamic of competitive development; and the process of overall collective management and supranational governance of the international system/global order. The historical intersection of these forms of stratification has produced an emergent, historically contingent division within the international order familiar to students of international politics as the North–South divide.     

EUROSUR: saving lives or building borders?

This article analyses the origins and development of the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR) in order to better understand its functioning in view of its stated objectives. Particular attention will be devoted to the European Commission’s recurring claim that one of EUROSUR’s main goals is to save lives at sea. This contribution questions that assertion. It rather considers EUROSUR as representative of the steady, technocratic development of a European system for border management. The reliance on the exchange of information, the reinforcement of FRONTEX, the European Union’s agency for the coordination of operational cooperation between national border guards and the emphasis on cooperation with third countries support this claim.     

新加坡国际国内商事仲裁制度比较研究

新加坡是亚洲乃至世界上重要的新兴国际商事仲裁中心。为减少法院干预以支持国际商事仲裁发展,新加坡采取了国际国内仲裁分别立法的模式,形成了各具特色的国际国内仲裁法律制度体系。文章采用比较研究的方法,考察分析新加坡国际国内商事仲裁法律制度中的仲裁协议制度和仲裁裁决追诉制度等。