国际金融危机下印度外国直接投资政策的调整

随着百年不遇的金融危机不断蔓延,新兴经济实体印度正遭受越来越强烈的冲击。面对资金严重短缺、外资大量流失和社会不稳定等不利的投资环境,印度政府积极调整外资政策,以应对国际金融危机的冲击。实践证明,印度谨慎的引资政策在应对金融危机中凸显出较强的优势并取得显著绩效,值得与之国情相似的中国思考。     

Unionization and Restrictions on Foreign Direct Investment

Although inward foreign direct investment (FDI) has many benefits for a country as a whole, like trade, it is a source of competition for producers in the host country, with concomitant effects on labor markets. The entrance of foreign multinationals increases demand for skilled labor at the expense of unskilled labor, and also increases the elasticity of demand for labor because multinationals are able to shift production across borders. This raises the question of whether or not labor has an impact on policy toward inward FDI. I suggest that organized labor is a key determinant of the influence of labor on inward FDI restrictions. Not only do unions mitigate the collective action problem facing labor, but unionized workers, regardless of skill level, have incentives to support restrictions on inward FDI because rising elasticity of demand restricts bargaining power. I expect that higher levels of unionization will lead to greater restrictions on inward FDI. I find support for this hypothesis in an analysis of U.S. industry-level formal restrictions on inward FDI between 1981 and 2000. Industry skill intensity, a proxy for the distributional consequences of FDI for labor, does not explain variation in barriers to inward FDI, suggesting that the confluence of interests and influence is necessary for labor to influence policy.     

当前全球外国直接投资的特点与前景

根据联合国贸发会今年1月公布的报告,2007年全球外国直接投资(FDI)连续四年保持增长,达到1.5万亿美元并超过了2000年的最高水平。报告显示,中国排名虽稍有下降,但依然是发展中国家中吸引外资最多的国家。全球外国直接投资在保持快速增长的同时,其投资流向、政策与分配格局均呈现出新的特点,其前景受到世界经济放缓、     

Credibility and Flexibility: Political Institutions,Governance, and Foreign Direct Investment

This article argues that the relationship between political institutions and foreign direct investment is both nonlinear and conditional upon status quo policies. The empirical analysis demonstrates an inverted U-shaped relationship between political institutions and foreign direct investment in developing countries, with four veto players being the most attractive institutional arrangement. Countries with too few or too many veto players are not favored because of either high policy uncertainty or high policy rigidity. In addition, the benefits and costs of credibility and flexibility vary in good times and hard times. The benefits of maintaining status quo tend to outweigh the costs in countries with good initial regulatory environment. The costs of maintaining status quo tend to outweigh the benefits when countries are more vulnerable to exogenous shocks.     

汇率及其波动与日本对华直接投资

日本是我国重要的贸易伙伴和外商直接投资来源国。影响日本企业对我国直接投资的因素可能有多种,本文拟从汇率因素切入,并以日本对华直接投资的事实数据和特征为背景,研究日元与人民币双边真实汇率对日本对华直接投资的影响。首先通过GARCH模型对双边真实汇率的波动进行测算,然后以此变量和真实汇率变量为基础,通过脉冲响应函数和方差分解技术,研究真实汇率水平及其波动对流入我国的日本FDI带来的影响。模型结果显示,双边真实汇率及其波动均对FDI产生了显著影响,而且该影响同理论预期相吻合,说明真实汇率是影响日本对华直接投资的重要因素,现阶段保持人民币汇率的相对稳定性有利于日本对华直接投资的增长。     

Sovereignty and the Foreign Fighter Problem

Sovereignty is the bedrock of international law. If security requires that the United States transgress sovereign borders to attack foreign fighters and their support networks hiding in third countries, then the U.S. should adopt a strategy to amend international law accordingly. One should not be too quick, however, to disregard a robust notion of sovereignty, a concept that has helped avert conflict among the world's major powers. The United States needs a strategy for sovereignty's future that is based in the emerging security context and a prioritization of American interests. Instead, the United States and the rest of the world are meandering toward a less robust sovereignty with weaker and more ambiguous international law. The U.S. and its global interests would be better served by strong and clear international rules that increase predictability and that confer legitimacy to action against dangerous enemies.     

外国对日本直接投资新动向及其原因分析

近年来外国对日本的直接投资不仅在规模上出现了新的高潮,而且在投资的手段和领域上也有了新的变化。这说明,日本经济虽尚未摆脱“平成不景气”,但它对外国资本仍充满魅力,并且为外资的进入提供了不少有利条件;经济全球化日益发展也必然对此产生一定的影响。     

中、日、韩对外直接投资比较研究

目前,中国已经实现了从单向引资国到双向投资高水平均衡发展国的重大转变。日本、韩国对外直接投资的经验对中国具有重要的借鉴意义。通过对中、日、韩三国对外直接投资的规模、流向、行业结构等展开的比较分析,可以得出下列结论:一是国家的对外直接投资与其自身所处的发展阶段和发展水平存在密切关系;二是随着经济的发展和产业结构调整,未来中国对外直接投资也将越来越多地流向经济发达国家和地区,流向自身的优势产业部门;三是中国与日本、韩国在对外直接投资方面的互补性高于竞争性,投资合作具有巨大发展空间。     

2002年以来拉美吸收外国直接投资分析

一　 2 0 0 2年拉美吸收外国直接投资情况　　据联合国拉美经委会统计 ,2 0 0 2年流入拉美的外国直接投资 (以下简称外资 )为 567亿美元 ,比 2 0 0 1年流入拉美的 840亿美元下降 3 3 %。这是继 2 0 0 0年下降 1 2 .6%、2 0 0 1年下降 1 1 %以来 ,流入拉美的外资降幅最大的一年。(一 )拉美各国吸收外资情况2 0 0 2年墨西哥、中美洲和加勒比地区吸收外资净值比上年减少了 40 % ,但是仍然高于 2 0世纪 90年代后期的水平。其中形成强烈对比的是 ,2 0 0 1年花旗集团出资 1 2 5亿美元收购墨西哥国民银行 ,这不仅是金融领域超过制造业新的外资 ,而…     

东盟外国直接投资的新趋势

20世纪90年代以来,东盟外国直接投资(FD I)流入量呈现持续波动的状态。90年代中期前,东盟一直是发展中国家吸引FD I最多的地区之一,在全球FD I流入总量中的份额呈持续上升的趋势。随后,金融危机的爆发、世界经济形势的恶化以及全球FD I竞争的加剧,对东盟国家吸引FD I带来了严重     

印度吸收外国直接投资的启发

印度独立后 ,就重视外资 ,已有 5 0多年利用外资的历史 ,吸引外资的战略经历了 5个阶段的转变 ,这个转变体现了三种方式的不同的影响和效用。本文主要讨论印度和我国吸收外国直接投资的比较。     

韩国对外直接投资的区域特征及成因

韩国已成为发展中的对外投资大国。韩国对外直接投资呈现出区域特征 :地区集中性、资源指向性、市场导向性、投资中心呈阶段性转移、地区不断多元化、地区差异日益明显等 ,这是多方面因素共同作用的结果。其经验对中国也有启示。     

Federal Institutions and Multinational Investors: Federalism,Government Credibility,and Foreign Direct Investment

Political risk is an important factor in the decision to invest abroad. While the investment potential might be lucrative, there is always the risk that the host government will expropriate the profits and assets of the foreign investor. Political institutions, however, can serve as constraints on the actions of political actors in the host country. We argue that federal structures lower political risk. Joint-reputational accountability in overlapping political jurisdictions increases the likelihood that investment contracts will be honored. Empirical analyses of cross-sectional time-series data for 115 countries, from 1975–1995, are used to study how political institutions affect foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. After controlling for the effect of relevant economic and political variables, we find that both democratic and federal institutions help attract FDI, although the additive effect of democracy and federalism is small. This is not surprising; democratic systems already have low political risk; they do not need the additional credibility that the federal system provides to attract FDI. In contrast, we expect that federal structures significantly improve the trustworthiness of less democratic states. Empirically, we find that less democratic countries with federal political systems attract some of the highest levels of FDI.     

印度跨国公司对外直接投资的SWOT分析

随着经济全球化的加深,越来越多的印度跨国公司参与对外直接投资,进行跨国经营并取得令人注目的成就。作为来自于发展中国家的跨国公司,印度企业对外投资有其自身的优势和劣势,也面临外部的机遇和威胁。文章运用SWOT分析方法,通过对上述四个方面的分析,总结出印度跨国公司对外直接投资时一些有效的、可供借鉴的策略。     

东盟外国直接投资初探

当今,东盟正处于采取措施进行区域整合(含内部和外部整合)的十字路口。这从近来颁布的《万象行动计划(2004)》和第二届《巴厘宣言(2003)》提出“东盟经济共同体”、“安全共同体”和“社会文化共同体”的概念可以明显看出。这是互相促进、共同创建“在整合、协调、互爱中共同繁荣、生死与共的亚洲共同体”的具体行动。最近,《东盟观察(2020)》提出建立一个和平、稳定和发达的东盟的构想。然而,2005年在新加坡举行的“东盟人领导论坛”指出了东盟共同体内的先天不足:要真正实现共同体的进步,需要人们具有长期不懈、坚定不移的政治意识和参与…     

论印度外资政策的演变

印度被殖民的恶梦可溯源至以外资面貌出现的东印度公司。因此，独立以后的印度社会，对外资具有天然的恐惧、厌恶和抵制。但基于殖民经济的固有特色，以尼赫鲁为首的印度资产阶级统治精英认识到立即驱逐外资的可怕后果。这决定了印度对待外资的矛盾性。观察印度独立60年来的外资政策轨迹，我们可以发现印度外资政策的三大特点：实用主义；理性、务实、灵活；非意识形态性和非超国民待遇性。     

Conditional on Conditionality: IMF Program Design and Foreign Direct Investment

The article explores how International Monetary Fund (IMF) program design influences foreign direct investment inflows. The author argues that stricter IMF conditionality signals a program-participating government's commitment to economic reforms, as it incurs larger ex ante political cost and risks greater ex post political cost. Thus, the catalytic effect of an IMF program is conditional on conditionality: programs with stricter conditions catalyze more foreign direct investment than those with less stringent conditions. Empirical analysis of the IMF conditionality dataset supports the argument and shows that after accounting for IMF program participation, the more structural conditions included in an IMF program, the more foreign direct investment flows into the country.     

对越南国际直接投资法律政策问题研究

2014年以来,越南对以《投资法》为代表的投资法律制度进行了大幅度的修订。这些体现了越南政府改善本国商业环境的决心,同时也增强了外国投资者的投资信心。但是这些新的政策法规在执行过程中也存在困难和障碍。中国投资者到越南从事直接投资活动应注重对当地现行法规政策的了解、加强对项目的风险评估,从而降低投资风险。     

印度与中国招商引资比较分析

文章以中国和印度两个国家的招商引资为研究对象 ,分别从国家竞争力、招商引资的法律、法规、招商引资的方式、维护国家经济安全的角度进行了对比分析 ,从而揭示中国招商引资的成效与不足。