Canguilhem amid the cyborgs

George Canguilhem's 1947 lecture,‘Machine and organism’,is a rich source of ideas for thinking about the relationships between living organisms and machines. He takes all tools and machines to be extensions of the bodymand part of life itself (which does not make machines any more good or bad than every living organism is good or bad). These insights are updated with a discussion of cyborgs. An account is given of the original idea of the cyborg (Clynes and Kline 1960), and of its transformations in science fiction and at the hands of Donna Haraway and Andrew Pickering. Canguilhem is profoundly anti-Cartesian, but on account oshis vision of life which breaks down the old barriers between natural and artificial, mind and body, manufactured and created.     

The Moral Imaginary of Discourse Ethics

Abstract

The central claim of this essay is that Habermas' pro gram of discourse ethics fails to establish the necessary immanent connection between the universality of discourse ethics and the quasi-transcendentalism, which is supposed to provide its ground. Habermas' attempt to avoid the spectre of subjectivism leads him to develop an understanding of universalism that hinges on a critical error, the confusion of subjectivity with ethical sub stance. Using Castoriadis' theory of the imagination to illuminate this failure, I demonstrate the way in which Habermas' moral theory of discourse inadvertently harbours a moral-imaginary horizon, a pre-political kernel which undercuts its capacity to serve as a universalist ethic.     

实践哲学与实践核心论

哲学经历了从理论哲学到实践哲学的发展阶段。理论哲学是脱离实践单纯从理论出发用理论方式解决哲学问题、用不同方式解释世界的哲学;实践哲学则是用实践方式解决哲学问题,不仅解释世界,更重视改变世界的哲学。实践哲学是对理论哲学的超越。马克思主义哲学是新唯物主义的实践哲学,是以唯物主义为基础的实践哲学,而不是实践首要论或实践核心论的实践哲学。用实践唯物主义表述马克思主义哲学只能导致混乱,辩证唯物主义、辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义才能更准确地体现马克思主义哲学的精神实质。     

"中国哲学之合法性"问题的由来、实质及其对于相关讨论的期望

"合法性"的讨论,旨在完善"中国哲学"学科的方法与理念,而绝不是如某些学者所耸人听闻地表述的,是旨在颠覆"中国哲学"学科.目前"中国哲学史"的写作方式,一方面使我们隔绝和远离了传统中国人的生活经验,另一方面也对典籍文化的原生态造成很大破坏.     

Why Subjectivity Matters: Critical Theory and the Philosophy of the Subject

Abstract

In this paper it is argued that Habermas' critique of German Idealism is misguided and that his rejection of the philosophy of the subject is unjustified. Critical Theory needs to recognise the importance of subjectivity for all social philosophy if its theoretical aims are to be achieved. In order to demonstrate the relevance of subjectivity to Critical Theory the essay draws on analytic philosophy of mind and on the work of Manfred Frank and Dieter Henrich.     

普兰丁格对当代英美基督教哲学的贡献

阿尔文·普兰丁格是20世纪美国著名的哲学家与宗教哲学家,在英美知识界享有很高的声誉.本文通过对其学术活动、研究方法和主要思想的阐述,探讨他为基督教哲学所做的贡献,洞悉当代宗教哲学的潮起潮落.     

近20年英美哲学的最新进展(下)

2、实在论.在当代美国哲学家看来,实在论、自然主义和实用主义在哲学基本倾向上是一致的,它们之间的关系可以解释为,是一种以实用主义为主导精神,以实在论为基本态度,以自然主义为思想方法的美国特有的生活方式.在当代美国哲学中,实在论和实用主义构成了一幅美国哲学的未来图景.当今美国哲学中的一种重要动向,就是实用主义实在论的兴起.2000年10月在美国纽约布法罗州立大学举行的"美国实用自然主义传统中的实在论的未来"国际研讨会,就充分体现了这样一种倾向.例如,默菲(Mur-ray G. Murphey)指出,实用主义不是要揭示世界的真实情况,而是要说明人类对环境做出有限反应的能力,例如人类根据自己的兴趣或态度对某种所与物(the giyen)作出选择.这里并不涉及真实世界的独立存在问题,而仅仅涉及到外在事物对人类感官产生的感觉刺激,也就是知觉(perception)过程.罗森塔尔(Sandra B. Rosenthal)明确地把实用主义与实在论联系起来.     

Aesthetic Negativity and Aisthetic Traits

Abstract

This article concerns the notion of aesthetic negativity, and related ideas regarding the autonomy of art. After giving some initial definitions and a brief historical sketch of these concepts, we will examine the definition proposed by arguably the greatest thinker of aesthetic negativity, Theodor Adorno, and its recent semiotic reconstruction in the work of Christoph Menke. This reconstruction configures aesthetic negativity and autonomy jointly as the capacity of artworks, and the experiences that they occasion; to processurally negate “automatic” modes of understanding. This account is then critiqued, and contrasted with views on aesthetic experience that stress its nonconceptual and asemiotic aspects, and the close affinity of this modality of experience with perceptual presence and affective intensity, with a clear reference to the phenomenological tradition. Some recent ideas about how semiotic and phenomenological theories regarding art can interact are then cited, and an undertheorized aspect of their connection introduced, which is the main original import of the article. This connection, which is furnished by the concept of aisthetic trait, is derived from psychoanalytic metapsychology, and is an example of how the meaning and presence effects of art can act not just in a competing synchronic fashion, but can morph into each other over time. A trait is a signifier-like perceptual remnant of a prior subjective experience of high intensity that provides a kind of ratification of the experience that endures within the life history of an individual. This is then shown to have relevance to the previous topics of aesthetic negativity and autonomy in terms of the way that the trait mechanism may bring to light important diachronic aspects of aesthetic experience that are currently absent in other accounts in the literature.     

马克思的哲学革命——从抽象思维哲学到感性实践哲学

马克思哲学是改变世界的哲学,是因为马克思终结了思辨的独立的哲学即抽象思维哲学,创建了感性实践哲学。马克思哲学的思维方式不是以理论为基础的抽象理论的思维方式,而是以实践为基础和导向的辩证思维方式,从而揭示马克思哲学革命的本质。     

邓小平的哲学思维与推进马克思主义中国化

从哲学思维的角度阐述了邓小平理论是对马克思主义的继承和发展。定向思维是邓小平推进马克思主义中国化的重要前提;实践思维是邓小平推进马克思主义中国化的理论基石;开放思维是邓小平推进马克思主义中国化的外在动因;发展思维是邓小平推进马克思主义中国化的内在本质。     

The politics of kinship

Judith Butler’s Antigone’s Claim explores our most intimate ties to others – the ties of kinship. Antigone’s Claim explores the politics of kinship through a reading of the figure of Antigone. For Butler, Antigone represents a crisis of the Oedipal order of kinship, revealing the possibility of new forms of kinship itself. Butler presents a persuasive and moving argument for the necessity of changes in our conception and practice of kinship. However, her account of new kinship forms is less persuasive, failing to engage adequately with the sociality of kinship or to provide a radical model of its new forms. Butler argues that Antigone does not represent a feminist politics. However, Antigone’s Claim suggests that, if we are to re-conceive the politics of kinship, then it is necessary to reread Antigone as a political figure.     

心理分析视阈下高校腐败行为过程及应对举措

目前＂腐败＂这个社会毒瘤已经开始感染曾经被人们视为净土的高校,许多地区高校腐败案件数量都呈现出逐渐增长的势头。心理学研究表明,人的各种行为都是在相应心理的支配下进行的,高校腐败也概莫能外。造成高校腐败行为的相关心理存在萌芽、初步形成、发展与成熟以及消退四个阶段性的过程,在不同的阶段高校腐败者分别具有不同的心理。因此,要认真把握高校腐败行为心理演变的规律,每个阶段提出相应的举措以抑制腐败心理的逐步发展,从心理层面入手找出科学有效地解决高校腐败问题的方法与途径。     

Autonomy and Psychic Socialization: From Non-Alienated Labour to Non Surplus Repressive Sublimation

Abstract

The work of Herbert Marcuse, unlike that of certain of his col leagues at the Institut für Sozialforschung, is most often maligned as being excessively positive and identitarian. His work on Freud, for example, is criticized for being grounded in a crude biological determinism which points towards an ultimate reconciliation of both psychic and social conflict. This essay will attempt to counter such readings by critically juxtaposing Marcuse's concept of non-repressive sublimation with Cornelius Castoriadis's understanding of psychic socialization. It will be suggested that the affinities between Marcuse and Castoriadis's appropriations of Freudian metapsychology reveals the degree to which the former can be read as a radical democratic thinker affirming the values of autonomy and creativity. This reading demonstrates that Marcuse has much to contribute to contemporary debates on the role of the aesthetic and the sensuous in democratic theory.     

"Critchley is Žižek": In Defence of Critical Political Philosophy

Abstract

In an ironically ?i?ekian manner, this paper argues that Simon Critchley and Slavoj ?i?ek's apparent political disagreement (ludic reformist versus strident revolutionary) conceal a common set of preconditions and presuppositions. These presuppositions can be summed by the slogan "the for getting of political philosophy", which more specifically means the forgetting of the difference between philosophy and political life, and the reflective need to find mediations between the two. Critchley's turn to humour honours the notion that politics is about the realm of appearances, while ?i?ek's frank avowal of the "diabolical evil" of the subject of the death drive makes patently clear the dangers posed by a "politics of Truth".