探索模式创新机制 推进农村公益事业——武乡县推进农村公益事业“一事一议”财政奖补工作实践思考

山西省武乡县2009年被确定为省级村级公益事业“一事一议”财政奖补试点县以来,抢抓机遇,积极探索,大胆实践,严格按照省市财政部门要求,科学规划,规范运作,加强项目和资金管理,有力地助推了农村公益事业发展。     

靖边县财政局2012年村级公益事业建设一事一议财政奖补工作

2012年,靖边县财政局一事一议工作在上级业务部门的指导和县委、县政府的领导下,严格执行各项规章制度,采取有力措施与项目区群众共同努力,取得了明显成效. 一、规范管理、促进发展 一是群众议事规范.2012年,靖边县一事一议项目组根据省市规范管理的要求,向各项目村提供统一、规范的"靖边县村级公益事业建设村民民主议事记录"等纸质材料,材料中详细记录了民主议事的主体、时间、地点、内容、议事户数、赞同数、反对数、议事结果及形成决议、参与民主议事人员签名等内容,保证了议事过程的公开、公平、透明、合法.并且项目组要求各乡镇成立一事一议财政奖补工作组,深入村组,列席村民会议或村民代表会议,做好引导、协调工作,见证表决结果,并监督落实,确保群众议事真实有效,不走过场.     

从“议而不决”与“不议而决”之比较分析看农村公益事业“一事一议”之现状

农村税费改革后,村级公益事业建设要通过"一事一议"筹资筹劳方式加以解决。实践证明"一事一议"制度在发展基层民主,减轻农民负担,改善农民的生产、生活条件等方面发挥了积极作用。作为税费改革后的一个新生事物,"一事一议"在具体工作实践中也出现了一些困难和问题,其中有"议而不决"和"不议而决"两种现象,值得我们认真思考。     

靖边县财政局扎实推进“一事一议”财政奖补工作

为确保“一事一议”财政奖补工作全面推开,靖边县财政局积极采取措施,加大农村公益事业建设力度,促进农村经济社会的又好又快发展。两年来共安排奖补项目119个,总投资6869万元,其中省市奖补资金1440万元,县级配套资金1190万元,群众筹劳筹资、社会捐赠和村集体投入19．53万元。完成村内道路硬化47条,兴修小型农田水利33个,人畜饮水项目21个,电力设施3个。村容村貌项目1个,公共卫生项目4个,村内公共绿化3个,村民文化活动广场7个,受益人口16．4万人。     

看得见的实惠

2012年,凤阳县人大常委会把关注民生作为人大监督工作的重点内容,围绕一事一议财政奖补工程开展监督活动,推动了强农惠农政策落实,改善了农村人居环境,加快了美好乡村建设进程。"道路硬化了,沟渠疏浚了,垃圾清理了,路灯点亮了,村庄美化了,晚上和城里人一样也有锻炼活动场所了……"说起村里发生的变化,家住凤阳县大溪河镇马山村的村民们如数家珍,喜悦之情溢于言表。在凤阳县,一件件一桩桩"一事一议"民生项     

农村“一事一议筹资”制度亟待完善

农村实行税费改革以后,取消了原来固定提取的村提留,村级经费除“三项资金”以外,其他费用比如在村范围内进行修桥铺路、疏浚沟渠、改造农田、绿化村庄等集体公益事业所需资金,都由村民大会或村民代表大会讨论决定,实行“一事一议筹资”制度,筹资人均每年不得超过20元,筹集资金归村集体所有。最近,笔者在检查中发现,一些地方“一事一议筹资”款的管理、使用等环节存在着不同程度的违规行为,亟待完善。一是筹资程序不规范。当前,“一事一议筹资”制度是村集体向农民筹资的唯一渠道。根据农村税费改革的规定,“一事一议筹资”经村民大会或村民…     

“一事一议”要求相关的保证措施

当前,农村税费改革已在试点的基础上逐步推开。政策规定,税改后农村兴办集体公益事业所需投入必须通过“一事一议”筹资解决,不再以村提留等形式向村民收取。然而,在实际操作中,遇到了一些“议事决定难通过、资金筹措难到位、项目建设质量难保障”等问题。要破解这些问题,必须树立三个“必须”:1.必须充分体现民主,尊重民意,做到让群众做主。农村税改的特点不仅在于降低农民负担,更在于让农民有自主权。在兴办公益项目过程中,必须切实改变过去做法,充分尊重民意,顺应民心,真正让群众做主,充分调动和发挥群众的积极性。2.必须筹好、管好、用…     

信息之窗

黑龙江省鹤岗市绥滨县北岗乡推行"以奖代补"推进民调工作规范化□黑龙江省司法厅基层处张作新张建生黑龙江省绥滨县北岗乡党委、政府在给人民调解员每月50元补助,并增拨专项矛盾纠纷排查经费2000元的基础上,乡党委、政府还出台了《关于制定村级人民调解工作奖励办法(试行)的通知》,对全乡各村调委会实行调解工作"以奖代补"办法。办法明确了调解工作要求:一是调处     

创新农村社会管理 助力美好乡村建设——淮北市烈山区“说事室”建设的实践与思考

正在当前农村政治、经济、社会结构发生重大变迁大背景下,做好新形势下农村社会管理,事关党在农村的执政地位和执政基础,事关农村社会的和谐稳定。近年来,淮北市烈山区立足实际,顺应民意,坚持以村级"说事室"建设为抓手,全面加强和创新农村社会管理,有力推动了农村政     

村级资产“合同性”流失不容忽视

近年来,随着农村税费改革的深入,村级收入由原先的自主性、随意性较大的村提留、乡统筹改为核定型的一事一议、农村转移支付等,一些配套性的改革,如村账乡管等制度也相继出台。由于政策性收入大幅减少,村级集体经济又增收乏力,一些村便在有限的村级资产上打起了算盘,采取租赁、承包、拍卖等合同手段,将村级有限的资产套现,缓解资金压力。在村级资产租赁、承包、拍卖的过程中,由于缺乏有效监管,出现了人为低价处理、恶意转移、侵吞资产等情况,使村级资产损失严重。对此,群众意见很大。这种以“合同”形式导致的村级资产流失,具体表现有如下几…     

农村金融机构的功能与法律定位

在经济日益金融化的今天,金融成为经济的核心。目前,我国农村金融法律体制严重滞后,使得农村现有的各金融机构之间法律属性不明、职责不清。市场经济条件下,应当对农村金融机构的功能和法律地位重新定位。农村金融机构的功能应定位在政策性功能、合作性功能、商业化服务功能等方面;农业发展银行、农村信用社、民间金融机构、邮政储蓄机构、农业保险机构的法律地位也应重新明确。     

我国农村公共信息服务建设与地方政府责任

本文认为,深化农村公共信息服务建设,各级地方政府责任重大,但当务之急是处理好地方财政投入力度不足、地方政府角色定位失当、地方政府职能转变迟滞问题.为此,应建立健全各级地方政府部门主导下的多元投资机制;建立健全各级地方政府部门涉农公共服务机制;建立健全农民公共信息需求表达及反馈机制;建立健全由广大农民积极参与的监督机制;建立健全各级地方政府部门的相关决策及规划机制;建立健全科学有效的农村公共信息服务评估机制.     

Regulation and brand value

Legal context. IP rights are dependent on the public policyconsiderations which provide the justification for their granting.However, when regulation impacts on the exercise of IP rights,there is often a clash of public policy considerations. Key points. This article considers what happens when that clashoccurs, concluding that, in all cases, IP rights will be trumpedby the public policy considerations which underlie the regulation,often with no basis for claiming compensation notwithstandingthe obvious and very real economic impact on the rights owner.Unfortunately, the markets do not always take this risk intoaccount when valuing premium brand companies. Practical significance. This conclusion may have serious implicationsfor premium brand companies, especially in heavily regulatedfields like alcohol, food, pharmaceuticals, and tobacco.     

地方政府公共服务能力生长的动因分析

当前,我国地方政府公共服务能力生长的动因既存在于客观的社会环境之内,也存在于主体的内在需求之中。概括起来,地方政府公共服务能力生长的动因可归结为外部动因、内部动因和主体动因三类。而动因之间的相互作用、相互影响推动着地方政府公共服务能力的生长。     

我国农户小额贷款发展问题及对策研究

农户小额贷款作为农村金融的重要组成部分,其能否有效运行在一定程度上影响了农村金融对“三农”的支持力度.本文结合我国的实际情况,从制度和政策支持、增加农户小额贷款资金供给、优化农村金融环境、完善农户小额贷款担保体系等方面提出解决我国农户小额贷款问题的对策和建议.     

论基层政府权威的缺失与农村群体性事件——基于巴纳德“权威接受论”的原因分析及其对乡村治理的启示

在农村群体性事件中,基层政府对社会管理的失控,主要归结于基层政府权威的缺失。本文认为,群体性事件的发生往往与基层政府权威的缺失有着密切的联系,而导致基层政府权威缺失的主要原因则可以归结为基层政府的行为失范。同时,部分农村出现"大宗族,小政府"的现象,"长老会"以及乡村"能人"成为农民群体权威的集中者,这些地方权威的存在,在一定程度上削弱了基层政府的权威。本文拟从巴纳德的"权威接受论"角度来分析农村群体性事件中基层政府权威缺失的原因以及对乡村治理的启示。     

Local Authorities and the Accountability Gap in a Fragmenting Schools System

Reforms to the English education system under the UK's coalition government are building on the so‐called ‘schools revolution’ that previous Labour governments began through legislation increasing both schools' autonomy from local authorities and the system's diversity. Growing numbers of state‐funded schools have converted to academies outside local authority control, particularly since the Academies Act 2010, while opportunities have emerged for ‘free schools’ to be established by various interest groups. The right to establish a school has normative human rights underpinnings, yet the government's policy as a whole is particularly controversial due to the increased risk of social division, instability of local schooling arrangements and significantly reduced local democratic accountability for state funded education. This article questions whether, against a background of three decades of centralising educational reform and a concomitant decline in the role of local (education) authorities, the local public interest in education is being adequately safeguarded.     

清白与信任：乡土治理安排的信息经济学解读

在“民间法”的分析框架中，源于“地方性知识”和执行费用的比较优势，讲求实质理性的乡土社会规范以及相配套的非正式社会控制总是可欲的。但是，发生于中原农村的一起因欠条引发的欠款之争，进而在乡村舆论下衍生为自杀悲剧的人命纠纷却表明：由习俗、惯例承载的乡土治理安排并不必然能够保证人们日常交往行为的基本可预见性，甚至会导致比规则治理的普适化之弊更为沉重的机会成本；形式理性及由国家财政能力支持的正式社会控制同样是获得乡村生活确定性的内生要素。     

How does private finance affect public health care systems? Marshaling the evidence from OECD nations

The impact of private finance on publicly funded health care systems depends on how the relationship between public and private finance is structured. This essay first reviews the experience in five nations that exemplify different ways of drawing the public/private boundary to address the particular questions raised by each model. This review is then used to interpret aggregate empirical analyses of the dynamic effects between public and private finance in OECD nations over time. Our findings suggest that while increases in the private share of health spending substitute in part for public finance (and vice versa), this is the result of a complex mix of factors having as much to do with cross-sectoral shifts as with deliberate policy decisions within sectors and that these effects are mediated by the different dynamics of distinctive national models. On balance, we argue that a resort to private finance is more likely to harm than to help publicly financed systems, although the effects will vary depending on the form of private finance.     

How Race,Sex, and Age Frame the Use of Authority by Local Government Officials

Thanks to the civil rights movement, women and racial and ethnic minorities increasingly hold positions of public authority—but they experience and exercise this authority differently from white men. Based on 162 narratives collected from 49 US local government officials (city administrators and police), I find that women, minorities, and younger officials in positions of authority face a paradox of rules. Because they have lower social status with the public and within their organizations, they must rely on formal and explicit rules as a key basis for their authority, but such reliance causes their very authority to be questioned. Social status based on implicit assumptions about social identities, including race or ethnicity, sex, and age, originates outside of organizations and has effects society wide. This study shows that social status continues to permeate US local government organizations in both subtle and explicit ways, even in bureaucratic settings that are formally committed to merit and professional norms.