Death by greyhound.

We present the case of a man who was last seen leaving to feed his greyhound dogs. He was found dead lying in a yard just outside the gate to one of the dog pens. Holes were present in the fence on both sides of the gate. The holes were of sufficient size to allow the passage of the head and neck of a greyhound to the shoulders. To open the gate one had to bend down to unfasten a latch 45 cm above ground level. Leaning down to unfasten the latch brought one into close proximity to the holes on either side of the gate. The scene and clothing appeared undisturbed. Autopsy (K.A.L.) revealed the cause of death to be blunt throat trauma. The throat trauma was of marked degree and consistent with at least a single heavy crushing injury directed from the front and somewhat below. In addition there were a series of almost vertical light abrasions on one side of the neck. There were minimal injuries to the rest of the body. There were no injuries specific for assault. In an attempt to explain the almost vertical abrasions on the side of the neck, the scene was re-examined by the pathologist. This revealed loose wire strands on the gate post. It is consistent that a fall against this area could account for the almost vertical abrasions on one side of the neck.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

An Autopsy Case of Sudden Unexplained Death Caused by Malaria*

Abstract: Sudden unexplained deaths, especially those unwitnessed can lead to forensic issues and would necessitate the need for a meticulous and complete postmortem examination including ancillary investigations to discover the cause of death. We herein report a case of sudden unexplained death caused by malaria in an apparently healthy individual. This fatal case is presented to remind the forensic pathologist of the possibility of malaria as a cause of sudden unexplained death in malaria‐endemic regions. In the present case, histopathological examination demonstrated the presence of parasitized red blood cells with malarial pigment in the blood capillaries in the brain, myocardium, pericardium, lungs, kidneys, liver, and the spleen. Cerebral malaria with acute renal insufficiency or pulmonary edema with an acute respiratory distress syndrome might have been the cause of death.     

Death by lightning

Deaths from lightning injuries are infrequent, amounting to 0.2-0.8 per million people per year, and are associated with climatologic conditions. The victims are mostly young, active people who are struck during various outdoor activities during the summer months. Even though many people can be struck by the same bolt of lightning, multiple casualties are uncommon. Among the fatalities, various types of skin burns are regularly present, often at an entry site on or near the head, and at an inferiorly located exit site. These skin injuries often consist of superficial burns and singed hair; deep burns and charring are uncommon. Arborescent skin marks seem to occur less frequently. Internal findings at autopsy are nonspecific.     

刑事权力学的维度：死刑存废

关于死刑的存废问题,在我国乃至世界范围内一直都有很大的争议。本文拟从不同于传统的另外一个角度重新审视死刑以及刑事权力的运作机制,试图通过分析刑事权力的运作,进而得出死刑是存是废的结论。     

Death caused by sharp injury. Criminologic and criminalistic aspects

From 3497 obductions during the ten years between 1979 and 1988 100 homicides and 18 suicides were caused by sharp trauma. Homicide by sharp trauma is the most frequent method for killing. These 100 homicides were analysed in relation to the age and nationality of victims and perpetrators, place of action, number and localisation of wounds, cause of death. The main results are discussed, particularly those which vary from the results of other authors.     

窒息死亡的法医病理学分析

目的探讨窒息死亡的法医病理学特点。方法对四川大学华西法医学鉴定中心1982年10月1日-2006年9月30日所作160例窒息死亡尸体剖验病理材料进行统计分析。结果窒息死亡案例占整个法医学检案的9．9％，年龄：30-39岁的死者占整个研究对象的29．4％，平均年龄为31．25岁。性别：男性103例，女性57例。男女比例1．81：1。死亡方式：意外死亡最多（63．1％），其次为自杀（24．4％）和他杀（12．5％）。死亡原因：缢死最多（21．9％），其次为CO中毒（17．5％）、溺死（16．25％）等。医疗纠纷共计39例，均为新生儿窒息，主要发生在乡镇医院和县级医院（76．92％）。结论加强法制教育，提高安全隐患意识等是减少窒息死亡的重要手段。提高城乡医疗水平，加强窒息急诊抢救的临床技能是防止窒息引起医疗纠纷的关键。     

窒息死亡的法医病理学分析

目的探讨窒息死亡的法医病理学特点。方法对四川大学华西法医学鉴定中心1982年10月1日～2006年9月30日所作160例窒息死亡尸体剖验病理材料进行统计分析。结果窒息死亡案例占整个法医学检案的9.9%,年龄:30～39岁的死者占整个研究对象的29.4%,平均年龄为31.25岁。性别:男性103例,女性57例。男女比例1.81∶1。死亡方式:意外死亡最多(63.1%),其次为自杀(24.4%)和他杀(12.5%)。死亡原因:缢死最多(21.9%),其次为CO中毒(17.5%)、溺死(16.25%)等。医疗纠纷共计39例,均为新生儿窒息,主要发生在乡镇医院和县级医院(76.92%)。结论加强法制教育,提高安全隐患意识等是减少窒息死亡的重要手段。提高城乡医疗水平,加强窒息急诊抢救的临床技能是防止窒息引起医疗纠纷的关键。     

An investigation of bulk and surface refractive indices for flat window glasses,patterned window glasses and windscreen glasses

The bulk and surface refractive indices have been measured for 20 float window glasses, 20 non-float window glasses, 20 patterned window glasses and 20 toughened float windscreen glasses.The refractive index of the tin-contact surface of the float glasses was always greater than that of the bulk, typically by 0.002 (range 0.00053–0.00307). In contrast the refractive indices of the two surfaces and the bulk of the sheet window glasses were in agreement within accepted experimental error in each case. A number of patterned window glasses showed significantly different refractive indices between the plain and patterned surfaces, the largest difference obtained (0.00021) being an order of magnitude smaller than that found for a typical float glass.Nine of the 40 float glasses examined yielded abnormal fragments from the upper surface in the sense that they did not disappear at the match temperature of the bulk glass. The refractive index measured from these abnormal fragments for two of these glasses was lower than the refractive index from the bulk glass.The variation in the bulk refractive index for the sheet and float window glasses produced an estimated standard deviation (E.S.D.) of 1.2 × 10^?5. However, the patterned glasses were nearly three times as variable (E.S.D. = 3.3 × 10^?5) and the toughened float glasses were, on average, almost seven times as variable (E.S.D. = 8.0 × 10^?5).The value of making surface as well as bulk refractive index measurements in routine casework is discussed in the light of the above results.     

Death caused by orphenadine poisoning

The number of deaths as a consequence of orphenadine poisoning seems to increase, mostly among severely psychotic males. The lethal dose corresponds to the weekly average dose used in the treatment of neuroleptic extrapyramidal side effects. Based on the literature, the serious, rapidly incipient, cardiac, and neurologic symptoms of poisoning are emphasized. The handing out of orphenadine to suicidal persons must be restricted, and even small overdoses (1-2 g) ought to result in the immediate initiation of observation at an intensive care unit.     

SEM检验漆膜厚度鉴别同种颜色的汽车油漆

目的研究扫描电子显微镜测量漆膜厚度的方法对颜色相近的汽车油漆的区分能力。方法应用扫描电子显微镜对不同汽车厂家生产的12块蓝色油漆进行总厚度及分层厚度测量,并对所得数据进行t检验分析。结果在所有两两比对的66组样品对中,在置信度为95％时,用总厚度及分层厚度进行区分,区分率达到100％。结论用扫描电子显微镜微观测量油漆样品总厚度及分层厚度的方法,可对颜色相近的汽车油漆进行有效区分。     

Death penalty views in China, Japan and the U.S.: An empirical comparison

Many nations impose the death penalty, yet most of the literature on capital punishment has focused on Western nations, particularly the U.S. China and Japan are two retentionist nations. Based on the data collected in 2005, this study examined the level of death penalty support and views on capital punishment among college students from China, Japan, and the U.S. It was found that Chinese respondents reported the highest level of death penalty support, followed by Japanese and U.S. students. Respondents from China and Japan were more likely to believe in the deterrence value of capital punishment than their U.S. counterparts. Views on retribution differed among the respondents. U.S. students were most likely to feel that innocent people are sentenced to death. In multivariate analyses, deterrence was the strongest correlate of death penalty views among Chinese and Japanese respondents, followed closely by retribution. For both Chinese and Japanese students, the barbarity of government taking the life of a person was the strongest predictor for opposing the death penalty. For U.S. respondents, retribution was the strongest reason for supporting capital punishment and the barbarity of executions was the strongest reason for opposing the death penalty.     

Abolishing the Death Penalty: An Untested Legal Argument

This paper supplies the logical and substantive framework for an untested challenge to the legality of the death penalty in the United States. As such, it yields a novel strategy for appellants and supporting amici seeking review of capital cases in the United States Supreme Court. With twin reliance on the right of the people to reparation for harm wrongly inflicted by others and their constitutional right to Due Process of Law under the Fourteenth Amendment, this paper advances the argument that the mere possibility of a wrongful execution yields an imperative for abolishment of capital punishment by the Court.     

宣告死亡制度存废之探究

自然人失踪之后,对其本人及其利害关系人利益保护的立法体例,各国民法可分为法国式、德国式、意大利式、苏俄式四种类型。《民法通则》制定之初,受苏俄民法影响,继受了苏俄式。然而,此立法体例在实务中弊端甚多,我国大陆地区制定民法时,应摒弃现行立法体例,继受法国式。