居家养老:农村空巢老人养老新选择

随着我国经济发展与人口老龄化发展相脱节,空巢老人现象日益凸显,如何做到老有所养已经成了我们亟待解决的问题,尤其是占较大比例的农村空巢老人养老问题更加严峻.在农村空巢老人家庭中,传统的家庭型养老功能已逐步丧失,机构养老机制一时又难以完善,使得农村空巢养老处于两难的境地.居家养老作为一种结合家庭养老与社区养老的新型养老模式,无疑是解决农村空巢老人养老问题的最佳选择.构建居家养老服务体系,为农村空巢老人提供生活、医疗、精神慰藉等各方面的照顾.通过开展文化娱乐活动,完善法律法规给农村空巢老人以安度晚年的机会.     

空巢老人何以养老

从20世纪末开始我国农村开始了史无前例的工业化、城镇化进程。在这种进程中，我国出现了大量的农村空巢老人。本丈分析了空巢老人的形成原因，农村空巢老人的养老困境，并对解决农村空巢老人的养老困境提出了相关建议。     

广西农村养老保障制度探析

人口明显老龄化,并且60%以上的人口分布在农村,这些特征使得广西所面临的农村养老保障问题比其他地区更为严峻。由于农村生产力落后,养老社会化覆盖率低,家庭养老保障功能在逐渐减弱,土地养老保障功能也逐渐衰退,针对这些问题,广西农村养老需要构建非缴费性社会养老保障制度,实行社区养老和家庭养老相结合的模式并且要加强土地保障的功能。     

广西农村养老保障制度探析

人口明显老龄化，并且60％以上的人口分布在农村，这些特征使得广西所面临的农村养老保障问题比其他地区更为严峻。由于农村生产力落后，养老社会化覆盖卒低，家庭养老保障功能在逐渐减弱。土地养老保障功能也逐渐衰退，针对这些问题。广西农村养老需要构建非缴费性社会养老保障制度，实行社区养老和家庭养老相结合的模式并且要加强土地保障的功能。     

湖北省农村养老保障制度调查研究

随着湖北省人口老龄化的加深、农村劳动力向城市的迁移,更多独居老人与空巢老人的出现,使得湖北省农村养老保障问题日益突出.湖北省政府高度重视农村养老保障问题,出台了一系列有关促进农村养老保障问题的政策,但调研发现:受传统文化影响,农村目前主要以居家养老为主,物质相对匮乏;社会对养老问题认识不足,尚停留在物质生活层面而忽略老年人精神生活;养老保险覆盖面广但保障水平较低,医疗保障体系尚不完善,农村子女养老思想有待转变,政府养老服务体系有待完善等问题.     

温州农村养老方式的调查与分析

为了了解温州不同地区农村养老方式的现状、影响老人养老方式的各种因素,做出农村老人养老方式的趋势预测,本文采用问卷调查法、访谈法、统计法进行研究,得出如下调研结论:家庭养老方式仍是温州农村老人养老方式的首要选择;社区居家养老方式比例将呈上升趋势;养老方式选择、养老满意度、休闲方式和村集体经济状况、传统观念、子女情况、自身状况相关。提出以下对策和建议:巩固和发扬家庭养老方式;建立并完善农村社区养老服务体系;合理规划、均衡发展养老机构;加强村集体养老院建设;完善农村养老保险和新农合制度;保护农业用地。     

农村养老更需关注——访省人大代表郝云波

"面对城镇化进程的加速,农村青壮年人口大量流入城镇,同时又随着老龄化的加剧,长期以传统家庭养老为主的农村老人面临着‘失地’又‘失儿’的双重危机,农村养老确实比城市更为艰巨。"省十一届人大代表、阜阳市颍东区河东街道办事处訾营     

关于我国社区养老服务模式的探讨

随着我国人口老龄化压力的增大和传统家庭养老服务功能的日益弱化,传统的家庭养老和单位养老已经不能满足日益增长的老龄人口的需要,老年人特别是高龄老人对社区照料服务的需求不断增加,养老职能将更多地依赖于社区养老老服务的开展,社区养老服务将成为今后我国养老服务的主要模式之一。     

年轻子女的新难题 该不该送父母去老年公寓

如今社会竞争日益加剧，年轻人面对的生存压力越来越大，陪伴老人的时间越来越少，有的甚至离家谋生，留下年迈的父母独守“空巢”。这使已经在中国延续数千年的家庭养老模式面临挑战，一种新型养老模式也应运而生，那就是老年公寓。老年公寓能够为入住其中的老年人提供全方位服务，让一些子女无法在身边照料的老人颐养天年，为许多忙于生计的年轻人解除了后顾之忧。     

论城市社区居家养老的问题及对策

随着我国老龄化人口的不断增加,养老问题已经变得越来越棘手.与此同时,经济的发展和社会的变迁,使得传统的家庭养老模式已经越来越不能满足现代老人的养老需求.而养老院等机构的养老又因为运营困难以及无法满足全部老年人的养老需求,从而发展的十分缓慢.面对这种情况,社区居家养老这一新的养老模式应运而生.这种养老模式是由家庭、社区、政府三方面来共同承担养老问题.由于其既符合老年人传统的养老习惯且运营成本较低,因此,获得大家的推崇.     

城市空巢老人生活状况和社会支持体系分析

之巢家庭老人是老年人中有独特需要的群体。随善社会的老龄化和家庭结构的演变，空巢家庭正迅猛增加。“空巢”家庭的形成是个人、家庭、社会多方面原因综合作用的结果，而社会的因素在其中占着越来越重要的作用。中国的养老问题是一个动态的发展过程，家庭成员虽然仍是空巢老人最主要的照顾资源，但家庭的照顾功能因“空巢”的现实正逐渐弱化，所以居家照顾必须配以适当的杜区照顾，将老年人服务与其他不同年龄和类型的服务区别开来，独立发展，形成一个支持“空巢”老人养老的杜会支持体系。     

文化与法律结合下的农村养老保障

在依法治国的时代背景下，中国的农村养老保障制度不仅要坚持传统“孝”文化的渗透，还应当加强“孝”文化与法律治理相结合，建立新型农村养老保障制度，以共同营造社会的和谐秩序，促进社会主义社会的进步与发展。     

论1990年代以来乡土小说的新趋向

1990年代以来,中国乡村发生了巨大的改变,以之为题材的乡土小说创作也出现了许多新的趋向.在创作姿态上,作家们更热衷于对乡村文化的感伤式怀恋,或站在乡村立场上为乡村代言;在创作观念上呈现出更复杂和多元的面貌;题材范围从传统的乡村领域拓展到在城市边缘谋生的"打工族",艺术表现也有许多新的变化.它的主要缺陷,一是对乡村苦难的淡漠,二是缺乏深刻的哲学意蕴.     

苏南乡镇企业改制后村级治理的变迁——以昆山市庙村为个案

苏南乡镇企业曾经对苏南农村的工业化和现代化起着不可替代的重要作用,同时也创造了具有苏南区域特色的村级治理模式.但随着乡镇企业进一步发展所面临的困境及改制的完成,村级治理呈现出许多新的特点,原有的治理模式已难以适应经济、社会不断发展的需求,从而面临着进一步完善的抉择.因此,必须进一步优化组织结构,探索村民组织化的新途径;进一步完善法制建设,提高村级治理运作制度化水平;进一步扩大民众参与的渠道,以提高村级治理的民主化程度.     

汉简所记敬老制度研究

武威汉墓出土的“王杖诏书令”规定给70岁以上的老人授王杖,使其享受种种优惠,并严惩抗令不遵者;而且颁赐王杖不分穷、富、男、女,这充分体现了汉代的养老、敬老制度,也给今人以深刻的启发。     

In Vivo Facial Tissue Depth for Canadian Aboriginal Children: A Case Study from Nova Scotia,Canada

This study examines facial tissue depth in Canadian Aboriginal children. Using ultrasound, measurements were taken at 19 points on the faces of 392 individuals aged 3–18 years old. The relationships between tissue thickness, age, and sex were investigated. A positive linear trend may exist between tissue thickness and age for Aboriginal females and males at multiple points. No points show significant differences in facial tissue depth between males and females aged 3–8 years old; seven points show significant differences in facial tissue depth between males and females aged 9–13 years old; and five points show significant differences in facial tissue depth between males and females aged 14–18 years old. Comparisons were made with White Americans and African Nova Scotians. These data can assist in 3‐D facial reconstructions and aid in establishing an individual's identity. Previously, no data existed for facial tissue thickness in Canadian Aboriginal populations.     

宅基地流转的法律问题研究——以宅基地使用权继承和“小产权房”问题为切入点

宅基地使用权基于其存在之初所固有的社会福利性质,成为我国一项具有中国农村土地制度特色的用益物权.但是随着我国城乡一体化进程的加快,城乡二元土地制度已经成为了农村地区经济发展的桎梏.宅基地使用权继承、宅基地私下流转以及宅基地上的小产权房等实际中大量出现的问题使我国目前的宅基地制度面临巨大的考验.因此有必要针对这些实践中突出的问题,对我国宅基地制度的现存状况进行分析,找到解决问题的路径.     

“小产权房”面临的法律难题及其破解

"小产权房"是我国近年来出现的社会现象,然而其在建设及交易过程中面临着诸多法律上的难题。这些难题表明我国集体土地所有权被虚置,建设用地使用权流转机制亦不健全。要破解这些法律难题,应当赋予农村集体建设用地使用权以完全用益物权效力,构建城乡平等的建设用地使用权流转制度;创新集体土地所有权和使用权主体制度,确保所有权权能的实现;完善土地征收制度,禁止为"商业利益"而征收;构建科学的城乡土地利用规划制度,同时政府应当让利于民。     

Medicaid and Title IV-E programs; revision to the definition of an unemployed parent--Administration for Children and Families (ACF) and HCFA. Final rule with comment period

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) transformed the nation's welfare system into one that requires work in exchange for time-limited assistance. The law eliminated the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program and replaced it with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. The law provides States flexibility to design their TANF programs in ways that strengthen families and promote work, responsibility, and self-sufficiency while holding them accountable for results. Many States are using this flexibility to provide welfare to work assistance to two parent families, which was more difficult to do under the old welfare rules. However, pre-existing regulations regarding the definition of "unemployed parent" prevent some States from providing intact families with health insurance to help them stay employed. This rule will eliminate this vestige of the old welfare system in order to promote work, strengthen families, and simplify State program administration. In general under PRWORA, States must ensure that families who would have qualified for Medicaid health benefits under the prior welfare law are still eligible. While under the previous law receipt of AFDC qualified families for Medicaid, the new statute does not tie receipt of TANF to Medicaid. Instead, subject to some exceptions, Medicaid eligibility for families and children now depends upon whether a family would have qualified for AFDC under the rules in effect on July 16, 1996. Similarly, Federal foster care eligibility depends on whether the child would have qualified for AFDC under the rules in effect on July 16, 1996. In order for a family to qualify for assistance under the pre-PRWORA AFDC rules, its child had to be deprived of parental support or care due to the death, absence, incapacity, or unemployment of a parent. Two parent families generally qualified only under the "unemployment" criterion which was narrowly defined in the AFDC regulations. In this final rule with comment, we are amending these regulations to provide States with additional flexibility to provide Medicaid coverage to two parent families, facilitate coordination among the TANF, Medicaid and foster care programs, increase incentives for fulltime work, and allow States to eliminate inequitable rules that are a disincentive to family unity.     

The aged and the dangerousness criterion in involuntary civil commitment

Using data from official court records and observations in court hearings throughout one state with a typical reform statute, this study investigates the elderly against whom petitions are brought for involuntary civil commitment. In relation to their proportion in the population, the aged are only slightly more likely than younger persons to become respondents in commitment proceedings; but they are over three times more likely to remain involuntarily hospitalized and to be subjected to recommitment proceedings. Once brought into the process, they are more likely than younger respondents to be committed and are more likely to be successively recommitted. In analyzing court testimony, focus is on evidence of dangerousness since involuntary commitment is limited to the mentally ill who are dangerous. Almost half of the young old initial respondents with formal hearings have no testimony alleging dangerous behavior and more than half of the old old have no such testimony. The alleged dangerous acts of the aged tend to be unintentional harm rather than assault.