利用暗记特征鉴别彩色激光打印、复印文件

目的探讨激光打印机的暗记特征,为鉴别彩色激光打印、复印文件找到一种有效的方法。方法根据不同物质对光的反射特性及蓝色与黄色互补特性的原理,采用420nm左右蓝光照射方法,对部分品牌彩色激光打印、复印文件进行了初步分析研究,总结了暗记点阵形态特征、小点形态特征、出现位置特征和排列含义等特征。结果此方法对彩色激光打印、复印机具的种类鉴别和个体鉴别简便、有效。     

打印复印文件朱墨时序表观特征初探

本文详细介绍了一案例的检验过程,并通过简单实验对激光打印、静电复印形成文件的朱墨时序的表观特征进行了粗浅的探究。总体而言,两种时序在朱墨交叉点的表观特征上具有文字与印文均完整、肉眼感觉文字均压在印文之上的共同点;在两者本质的差异点上,先朱后墨表现为交叉点的墨粉与未交叉部位一致,先墨后朱表现为交叉点的墨粉光泽度增加、具有潮湿感、以及易出现水珠状的印油积聚现象。     

多光谱成像技术检验富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成文件

目的研究富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成文件的跟踪暗码,对富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成文件进行识别。方法使用多光谱成像仪对6台富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成的文件进行观察。结果该6台机器形成文件的跟踪暗码存在特征差异。结论通过跟踪暗码的差异,能够对富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成文件进行识别。     

利用感光鼓损伤印迹确定激光打印件的相对形成时间

目前，司法鉴定中各种有争议的文件物证，往往存在被伪造的可能，其中更换合同中的打印件，在各类民事诉讼案件中出现频率较高，检验难度较大。如何利用无损检验方法揭示文件有无伪造及如何伪造，是鉴定人员面临的问题。本文介绍了利用感光鼓损伤印迹确定激光打印件相对形成时间的一种无损检验的方法。     

一例易被误判的排版打印特征检验

随着打印设备的普及,通过添加打印进行文书变造已成为印刷文书变造的典型手法,添加打印变造文书也成为变造文书检验的主要对象。     

印刷图文特征测量系统的研究

通过对选择的50余款国内外图像、图形分析处理软件、图像测量软件和测量工具系统的比较研究,根据文件鉴定中印刷文件鉴定的实践需求,通过有效的整合,建立了一套适用于印刷文件鉴定实际需求的,能有效对印刷图文特征进行比较测量和精确测量及量化分析的技术平台,并对印刷图文特征的量化分析在印刷文件鉴定中的应用做了初步探索。     

利用彩色文件上的图文特征鉴别喷墨打印机品牌

目的通过彩色文件上的图文特征鉴别喷墨打印机的品牌。方法在体视显微镜下观察采用不同喷墨机理的惠普、佳能和爱普生三大品牌喷墨打印机打印的彩色图文。结果通过对彩色图文上六种墨迹形态特征的比较,发现三大品牌喷墨打印机打印的彩色图文存在明显差异。结论依据这六种特征对三大品牌的喷墨打印机进行鉴别。     

区分加重构成与量刑规则——罪量加重构成概念之提倡

法定刑升格条件确有区分加重构成与量刑规则的必要。不具备违法推定机能、不是故意认识内容的首要分子、作为报酬的违法所得等升格条件是典型的量刑规则;具备犯罪个别化、违法性推定与故意规制三大机能的时间地点、行为方式、加重结果等升格条件是典型的(罪体)加重构成要素;而多次、数额巨大等升格条件,仅表征违法程度、不体现行为类型变异,虽是故意的认识内容,却无法发挥犯罪个别化机能,既非典型的加重构成要素,也非典型的量刑规则,应属于罪量加重构成要素。罪量加重构成有行为规模类与结果程度类之分,结果程度类罪量加重构成是基于基本犯结果的危险性而加重刑罚的,当基本犯未遂时,即丧失加重之依据,不能论以加重犯的未遂犯。情节严重作为升格条件,则应当根据具体化的情节事实,依据上述标准判断各具体事项的归属。     

Examination of heterogeneous crossing sequences between toner and rollerball pen strokes by digital microscopy and 3-D laser profilometry

The determination of line crossing sequences between rollerball pens and laser printers presents difficulties that may not be overcome using traditional techniques. This research aimed to study the potential of digital microscopy and 3-D laser profilometry to determine line crossing sequences between a toner and an aqueous ink line. Different paper types, rollerball pens, and writing pressure were tested. Correct opinions of the sequence were given for all case scenarios, using both techniques. When the toner was printed before the ink, a light reflection was observed in all crossing specimens, while this was never observed in the other sequence types. The 3-D laser profilometry, more time-consuming, presented the main advantage of providing quantitative results. The findings confirm the potential of the 3-D laser profilometry and demonstrate the efficiency of digital microscopy as a new technique for determining the sequence of line crossings involving rollerball pen ink and toner.     

浅议损伤程度鉴定和伤残等级评定的区别及法律适用

司法实践中,损伤程度的鉴定与伤残等级的评定在部分办案人员之中往往存在著含糊认识.本文从损伤程度鉴定与伤残等级评定的区别和法律适用两个方面对此进行了初步的探讨、归纳和总结,以期服务于各项司法实践工作.     

测量笔画增宽度判断激光打印文件朱墨时序初探

目的考察印章印文与激光打印字迹交叉部位的笔画增宽现象,得到朱墨时序判断依据。方法制作两种朱墨时序的实验样本,在VSC-6000文检仪下观察,读数显微镜在相同放大倍率测量,记录增宽度,比较同种品牌印文色料在两种时序下笔画的增宽度。结果相同保存条件下同种品牌印文色料不同时序盖印的实验样本都有增宽现象,先墨后朱时序下增宽度较大。结论该方法可以作为朱墨时序判断依据。     

Automated Quantifiler quantitative PCR setup, template normalization and PCR setup using HID EVOlution™ qPCR/STR setup on trace evidence samples

We have implemented and validated customized protocols for automated Quantifiler^® setup, template normalization and PCR setup using the Tecan HID EVOlution™ qPCR/STR setup. The protocols were validated for the Quantifiler^® human DNA quantification, AmpF?STR^® SGM Plus^® and SEfiler Plus™ PCR Amplification Kits (Applied Biosystems) according to EN/ISO 17025.     

利用亚铁氰化钾与三价铁盐溶液反应进行足迹捺印

目的利用亚铁氰化钾与三价铁盐溶液反应生成普鲁士蓝沉淀的显色原理，探索非油墨捺印足迹的新方法。方法用脚沾取一定浓度的三价铁盐溶液，踩在经过亚铁氰化钾溶液处理过的纸张上。结果在经过处理的纸张上出现蓝黑色的足迹印痕。结论该方法安全卫生，操作简便，捺印效果好，具有一定的推广性。     

DVI-300微痕迹色差分析系统对激光打印文字与印章印文交叉时序检验的方法研究

目的研究常见的打印字迹与不同印章印文交叉时序的相关性,为检验提供依据。方法应用DVI-300微痕迹色差分析系统对制成的实验样本进行实体观察,并对微痕迹色差模型图进行特征分析。结果先墨后朱,交叉部位字迹边缘状态完整,等高线宽度、流向未见明显变化;先朱后墨,交叉部位中心字迹等高线排列出现游离状态,色料分布发生数字图形曲面变化。结论用本系统可以观察、分析朱墨交叉部位的微观特征和无损检验研究。     

Identification and dating of the fountain pen ink entries on documents by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography

A novel approach for the identification and dating of the fountain pen ink entries on paper has been established by ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC). Twelve black and six red fountain inks have been collected, and their ink entries have been prepared by drawing lines on paper. The chromatographic conditions for separation of their dye components after extraction with solvents were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the 18 fountain pen inks were differentiated individually by comparing the number of detectable main or minor dye components, and the relative peak intensities of each component. The ink entries were artificially and naturally aged, and the analysis results showed that the ink dye components were significantly decomposed when exposed to UV or fluorescent light compare to those of inks stored under natural condition. The changes of the relative peak height for the dye components were linearly related to the aging time, especially under natural aging conditions. The degradation characteristics of the dye components under different aging conditions provide scientific evidences for dating of the suspicious fountain pen ink entries on document.     

Chelex法和两种磁珠法提取接触DNA效果的比较

目的比较Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法对接触DNA的提取效果。方法将稀释为10ng、100ng的标准品DNA,分别采用Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法处理;对30例烟蒂和30例牙刷分别采用Chelex法、DNA IQ磁珠法和EQ国产磁珠法提取DNA,然后进行PCR定量和STR检测。结果Chelex法对DNA的提取无损失,DNA IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法对DNA的提取均有不同程度的损失;烟蒂、牙刷等检材采用Chelex法提取的接触DNA量和IPC CT值显著高于IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法,但STR检验成功率却低于IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法。2种磁珠法提取的DNA量、IPC CT值和STR检验成功率无显著性差异。结论污染轻、杂质少的接触DNA检材,用Chelex法提取最为方便快捷;IQ磁珠法、EQ国产磁珠法更适合污染接触DNA检材的提取及自动化操作。     

Distinguishing the viewers,downloaders, and exchangers of Internet child pornography by individual differences: Preliminary findings

The current study assessed the relationship between personality and cognitive differences and the respondents' level of engagement in child pornography (searching for/viewing, downloading, or exchanging). 273 respondents completed the anonymous online survey; 257 respondents (94%) were classified as non-child pornography consumers, and 16 respondents (6%) were classified as Internet child pornography consumers. When only considering the child pornography users, 63% (n = 10) were categorized as searchers/viewers, 18.5% (n = 3) were categorized as downloaders, and 18.5% (n = 3) were categorized as exchangers. When discriminating between child pornography consumers, those individuals who only searched for and viewed child pornography were less extraverted than those individuals who reported exchanging Internet child pornography. Higher scores on extraversion may reflect the offender's ability to socially network on the Internet in order to gain access to child pornography (i.e., exchanging/sharing). Significant correlations also suggested a relationship between child pornography behaviors, conscientiousness, and excitement-seeking. Future research suggestions and limitations are discussed.