论公共危机预防

公共危机事件频发使政府面临着严峻的挑战,对政府公共危机管理的能力和水平提出了更高的要求。本文指出公共危机预防在公共危机管理中起着十分重要的作用,政府应做好预防工作,从根本上减少危机带来的损失。     

现代幼儿园安全危机管理刍议

近些年来,幼儿园各类突发事件时有发生,严重危及到了广大师生员工的生命财产安全。而很多学校由于现有的人力物力等资源的限制,在面对种类繁多的校园突发事件时往往缺少有效的应对措施,危机处理效果欠佳,给学校造成了极大的负面影响。本文从危机和危机管理的概念入手,提出构建危机事件事前预防、事中控制、事后恢复的一整套危机预防处理机制,从而有效避免和减少突发事件的发生,维护学校的正常教育教学秩序,切实保障学生的合法权益。     

校园公共危机存在的时代性及其预防措施

近年来,我国进入公共危机的高发、频发阶段,各类公共危机事件严重影响了我国的经济发展,作为社会组成部分的学校,由于人口密集、流动量大,是人们关注的焦点,也不可完全避免发生公共危机,因此,校园内公共危机研究也应受到重视。本文从“校园公共危机”的内涵出发,分析了其可能存在的时代性,并结合学校特征,提出了预防构建校园公共危机的具体措施。     

试论公关危机的传播管理

公关危机涉及公众利益,经过媒体报道,能够广泛传播,具有很强的破坏力,危机传播管理能够极大地减少危机的成本与损失,是组织主动出击战胜危机的有效手段,本文分别从危机预防、处理及善后三个层面,结合国内企业与跨国企业处理危机案例,深入剖析并阐述了不同时期的公关危机传播沟通管理策略,以期对国内企业发展有所裨益。     

关于政府公共危机预防管理的探讨

系统的危机管理包括危机的预防与应对。本文指出有效的危机管理机制,能够将政府的危机管理纳人一个有序、规范、条理的轨道中,保证政府在危机发生时能在最短时间内有效调动社会资源,将危机带来的损失减少到最低程度。     

当代国际金融危机预防的法律思考

由次贷危机引发的美国金融危机,暴露的美国金融政策和金融监管在金融危机的法律预防上的缺失。金融衍生品的急速发展和金融监管的失调更是造成了法律预防机制运行上的障碍。本文在分析危机原因的基础上,从金融政策的制定、金融监管的合作及金融责任的强化等方面对金融危机的法律预防提出了反思和建议。     

警察心理危机的预防

警察职业是和平时期最危险的职业,长期处在高度紧张危险的工作状态使警察存在潜在的心理危机。为了把警察心理危机的负面效应减小到最低,预防是危机干预中的重要一环。通过加强思想政治教育和心理教育,丰富文化生活,在实际工作中树立忧患意识,并利用心理测评建立预测体系,以分析潜在的危机并做好准备。在坚持警察主体性、各单位协调性、关注团体一致性和个体差异性的原则下,来争取预防的最佳效果。     

论公共危机预防机制建设——关于松花江11·13苯污染事件若干问题的思考

松花江11·13苯污染事件失控的一个很重要原因,就是缺乏健全的公共危机预防机制。我们应当从这次“切肤之痛”中吸取教训,切实加强我国公共危机预防机制的建设。     

危机学习的困境:基于特别重大事故调查报告的分析

事故调查是危机学习的重要环节,是预防危机的关键因素。论文在对近年(2008—2016年)公开发布的34份特别重大事故调查报告分析的基础上,结合我国事故调查的现状,按照危机学习过程的思路,对危机学习可能存在的困境进行了解释。并发现:重问责的调查导向影响了危机学习的潜力;事故调查总结的宏观指向割裂了双环学习的步骤;独立调查主体的缺失会限制危机学习信息的客观真实性;干部失职和监管不力为主轴的事故原因凸显了危机学习的体制障碍;调查时限约束了调查报告内容的深度。这些在不同程度都会影响危机学习的效果。     

刑罚的正当化危机与积极的一般预防

随着矫治与改善理论的无效性被普遍地接受,刑罚再次陷入了正当化的危机之中。一种能够使刑罚走出正当化危机的理论,必须根据自身的理论属性,一方面通过经验有效性与(或)规范妥当性的检验,另一方面对刑罚的内容与形态、刑罚所涉的主体以及刑罚的存在范围作全面的合理阐释。传统的特殊预防理论、威慑的一般预防理论、报应理论以及综合理论都无法达到前述标准。积极的一般预防理论以"民众对规范有效性的认同"缓和了刑罚经验有效性的逼问,以宏观上回应民众期待与微观上的"合比例原则"兼顾了民众与罪犯的利益,并能对经验研究的结论持开放的态度。结合部分经验性结论和相关原则,这种理论能解除刑罚的正当化危机。     

The Crisis of Europe: Democratic Deficit and Eroding Sovereignty—Not Guilty

Taking inspiration from a distinction Kant drew between the way power is organised, and the manner in which it is exercised, this analysis directs attention to the consolidation of an autocratic style of politics in Europe. The co-existence between an autocratic style of rule and preserved democratic organisation of power, which prevents a legitimation crisis, is explained in terms of an altered legitimacy relationship (or social contract) between public authority and citizens. This ultimately allows a discrepancy to emerge between public authority’s increased capacity for policy action and reduced social responsibility for the consequences of that action.     

金融危机的经济法解析

对于全球性金融危机的发生、扩展和解决等重要问题,可以从经济法理论的视角进行解析。其中,金融危机的发生,是源于"两个失灵",它从消极方面体现了加强经济法调整的重要价值;金融危机的扩展,同国内与国外经济、实体与虚拟经济、内部与外部经济等多重二元结构直接相关,需要运用经济法进行"辨证施治";金融危机的解决,同样应当遵循经济法的三大基本原则,明晰相关主体的不同类型法律责任,并通过经济法的各个部门法的综合调整,来促进经济与社会的协调发展。     

Communal response to criminal behavior in the kibbutz during periods of crisis

This research examines whether the situation of crisis which has been developing in the majority of secular kibbutzim since the eighties has influenced the attitudes of kibbutz members towards criminal behavior. Previously, the kibbutzim were accustomed to dealing with any deviant behavior in their midst, with the exception of serious crime, by means of their own internal control institutions. Our assumption is that there would be a greater tendency among members of kibbutzim in crisis, as compared to those in a situation of stability, to see criminal behavior as a disturbing, even threatening, social phenomenon, and to turn to outside agencies, such as the police. In order to examine this hypothesis, we selected 230 kibbutz members from six well-established secular kibbutzim in the center of the country, which differ from each other with regard to levels of crisis which in turn determined by means of specific economic and social criteria. Our findings show that criminal behavior is more prevalent in the kibbutz than the members themselves believe. The more stable the kibbutz, the more the members continue to rely on their own conventional methods of dealing with criminal behavior, while the more severe the crisis situation, the greater the tendency to pass the responsibility for the offender to outside agencies.     

浅谈领导者危机公关中的媒体应对

领导者在危机公关中能否更好地应对媒体,是妥善处理突发公共事件系统工程中的重要环节。本文从提高领导者危机公关中媒体应对能力的重要性入手,分析了领导者危机公关中媒体应对的原则,指出了领导者媒体应对容易产生的误区。提出了领导者危机公关中媒体应对的策略,旨在提高领导者在危机公关中的媒体应对能力,把突发事件带来的危害降低到最低限度。     

公共危机与领导干部危机公关能力的提升

公共危机事件频繁发生是由多方原因导致的,解决这一问题的根本出路是实施公共危机管理,公共危机管理最核心的部分是提升领导干部的危机公关能力。为此,必须提高领导干部掌握危机公关的策略、方法和技巧,提高公共危机预测和善于正确处理公共危机事件的能力,以保证社会的和谐与稳定。     

'Mad Cows' and Eurocrats—Community Responses to the BSE Crisis

Abstract: The initial Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy crisis, that is until the imposition of the EU-wide ban on UK beef exports on 27 March 1996, and the failure of the institutions of the EU and Member States to react effectively and efficiently to this developing crisis, brought to light some of the faults in the food safety and animal health part of the EU's system of governance. Responding to criticisms and recommendations made in the aftermath of the initial crisis, particularly by the European Parliament, the EU has embarked on a process of reforming the administrative landscape in this area. This has included the setting-up of a new regulatory agency, the European Food Safety Agency, and a commitment to the more effective use of scientific information. It is submitted that this could lead to the development of new information-based scientific networks that inform and direct EU governance, networks which should contain the European Food Safety Agency at their centre.     

父爱主义与“还地于民”

农村经济体制改革的进程就是一个“还地于民”的过程。因为流转上的障碍,农村土地权利并未真正物权化。流转管制背后蕴藏着父爱主义理念。父爱主义没有随着市场经济的发展而消解,反而重新抬头。但逻辑上父爱主义的预设前提并不存在,且潜伏着无效率和不自由的危险。父爱主义本质上是一种精英主义,土地管制所借助的三个正当化理由都有反思的必要。目前全球金融危机为“还地于民”提供了历史契机,摒弃父爱主义有助于实现农村土地资产彻底物权化和农民身份彻底市民化,并为克服危机提供动力。     

政府危机信息处理的必要性及其有效性分析

社会经济发展中的不确定性是随时存在的,重大危机事件是随机发生的。在危机来临时,在社会危机管理中,信息的重要性是显而易见的。本文在对危机和危机信息相关问题进行阐释的基础上,分析了政府危机信息处理的必要性和重要性,进而为政府危机信息的有效处理提供了相关的对策和建议。     

From Balance to Conflict: A New Constitution for the EU

As the crisis (and the Union's response to it) further develops, one thing appears clear: the European Union post‐crisis will be a very different animal from the pre‐crisis EU. This article offers an alternative model for the EU's constitutional future. Its objective is to invert the Union's current path‐dependency: changes to the way in which the Union works should serve to question, rather than entrench, its future objectives and trajectory. The paper argues that the post‐crisis EU requires a quite different normative, institutional and juridical framework. Such a framework must focus on reproducing the social and political cleavages that underlie authority on the national level and that allow divisive political choices to be legitimised. This reform project implies reshaping the prerogatives of the European institutions. Rather than seeking to prevent or bracket political conflict, the division of institutional competences and tasks should be rethought in order to allow the EU institutions to internalise within their decision‐making process the conflicts reproduced by social and political cleavages. Finally, a reformed legal order must play an active role as a facilitator and container of conflict over the ends of the integration project.     

人质危机谈判功能与实现路经

危机谈判，作为处理危机事件的有效手段，在世界各国，特别是欧美发达国家，已经得到广泛认同与有效应用。据国外有关研究显示，以专业化谈判团队的形式处理人质危机，安全、和平处理率高达93％，而没有专业化谈判团队的介入，被迫采取武力解决的，伤亡率高达78％。在我国，危机谈判机制建设刚刚起步，危机谈判的功能还没有广泛认同，对如何实现谈判功能也处于探索阶段。结合谈判工作实践和培训的谈判专业人员的反馈经验来分析危机谈判的功能及其实现的条件，应该对于危机谈判专业发展有所启示。