Differential diagnosis of traumatic skull findings in infants: residues after vacuum extraction

If autopsy findings in an infant show traumatic changes on the skullcap, these are not always the result of a postnatal trauma due to child abuse, a fall or another accidental event. With regard to differential diagnosis a birth trauma should also be kept in mind, so that the history of the delivery is important. The spectrum of possible residues after vacuum extraction (circular fracture and/or elevation of the outer table of skull bones, subperiostal and intraossal haematoma, extradural and subdural haemorrhage) is demonstrated by means of three examples from the forensic autopsy material.     

Application of diffusion tensor imaging and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of traumatic brain injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common type of brain disorders among young adults. The dysfunction of the brain is often exacerbated due to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) which based on the injury of white matter fibers and axons. Since mild and moderate brain injury or DAI are diffuse and subtle, conventional CT and MRI are difficult to make a positive diagnosis. Recent clinical study indicated that functional magnetic resonance imaging has a high detection rate in the diagnosis of acute mild and moderate brain injury, especially the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). This paper has reviewed the principles and characteristics of DTI and 1H-MRS, and recent research in the clinical and animal experiments on brain injury.     

Computer analysis of erythrocyte catalase activity in diagnosis of mild brain trauma and concussion

A complex investigation of catalase activity in erythrocytes was conducted basing on the results of computer quantitative morphometry of histochemical examination of blood samples from persons with mild craniocerebral trauma. It was found that erythrocytic catalase activity correlates with severity of brain trauma. A novel technique of objective histochemical diagnosis of trauma is described. It provides objective grounds for expert conclusions. Differential features of erythrocytic shape were defined in a small series of micropreparations vs the rest blood samples.     

The traumatic impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and the potential protection of optimism

This study examined the impact of the September 11 terrorist attacks on graduate and undergraduate students and the role of optimism in posttraumatic distress. A sample of 457 students who attended courses at three schools of social work (Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Washington) participated in the study. A quarter of them had a known person as an immediate victim of the attacks. Multivariate analysis showed that posttraumatic stress disorder symptom scores were positively related to personal loss and two types of previous trauma reactivated by the attacks, and levels of initial negative emotional response. Optimism and its interaction with personal loss were inversely associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptom scores.     

颅脑损伤致精神障碍的法医学鉴定

本文综述了国内外颅脑损伤致精神障碍的相关法医学现状,特别是对于鉴定中的常见问题进行了简要的综述。     

Unusual neck lesion in a pedestrian caused by a road accident

The authors describe a road accident that occurred in the Trieste region of Italy in 1998, wherein a pedestrian experienced a mortal injury. During the on-site examination, the forensic officer in charge noticed, in addition to dispersed abrasions, bruises, and fractures, an unusual position of the head with a highly unusual motility of the cervical rachis and, above all, an apparent whitish fibrous elastic cord, 7-8 cm long, which came out of the mouth. The cord was found to be a segment of the spinal cord, expelled and driven into the mouth cavity by the impact. This represents an interesting case because of the specific dynamics of the accident and the type of lesion involved. This kind of spinal cord injury, in particular, is infrequent among pedestrians involved in road accidents in comparison with other road casualties.     

汽车碰撞中乘员损伤成因分析与计算机仿真研究

目的运用计算机仿真技术模拟汽车碰撞过程,为法医学鉴定及交通事故处理提供参考依据。方法通过对汽车碰撞中乘员损伤成因分析及车辆痕迹检验,建立有效的人体、车辆仿真模型,利用动量冲量法与多刚体动力学结合仿真求解乘员运动模式,客观再现乘员交通伤特点。结果计算机仿真汽车碰撞过程中,人体模型上碰撞部位的分布符合法医学检验所得结果。结论计算机仿真求解乘员交通伤的方法在法医学鉴定和事故责任认定中具有参考价值。     

外伤性鼓膜穿孔应用内窥镜录像156例分析

鼓膜位于外耳道深段,受伤后进行法医学鉴定,需请耳鼻喉科医生借助额镜、耳镜进行检查,若有异议或进行复审,往往失去原始伤情条件而再次鉴定复审比较困难.近3年来我们对本市及县区的外伤性鼓膜穿孔部分案例进行了内窥镜电视显示下录像和伤情鉴定,存档录像资料156例,报告分析如下.     

外伤性鼓膜穿孔应用内窥镜录像156例分析

鼓膜位于外耳道深段 ,受伤后进行法医学鉴定 ,需请耳鼻喉科医生借助额镜、耳镜进行检查 ,若有异议或进行复审 ,往往失去原始伤情条件而再次鉴定复审比较困难。近 3年来我们对本市及县区的外伤性鼓膜穿孔部分案例进行了内窥镜电视显示下录像和伤情鉴定 ,存档录像资料 1 5 6例 ,报告分析如下。一、临床资料本组 1 5 6例 ,男 74人 ,女 82人 ;年龄 1 4～ 6 8岁。录像时间为伤后 1～ 2 5天。左耳 98例 ,右耳 46例 ,双耳 1 2例。1 外伤原因多为外耳道气压伤所致。其中有掌击、拳击 1 0 5例 ,占 6 7 3%。其他钝器伤 (棍棒、酒瓶、砖头、鞋底等 )…     

Vertebral artery rupture in traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage detected by postmortem angiography

A fatal subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured normal intracranial vertebral artery in a 49-year-old male, following a blow to the head, was revealed by a postmortem angiographic technique using radiopaque silicone rubber as a contrast medium vulcanizing at room temperature. No fracture of the atlas or connection between intracranial vessels and extracranial soft tissue haematoma could be visualized. We advocate the use of postmortem angiography in the diagnosis of suspected head trauma sustained in fights.     

用电子计算机图象处理方法测定人体体表损伤面积

本研究从应用出发，以摄像头和扫描仪作为输入源，用计算机Ｃ语言开发了对不规则形状的人体体表损伤面积的大小和灰度进行测定的应用软件。该软件具有操作简单、速度快和正确性好等特点。本研究工作的成果已初步应用于我所法医临床伤害鉴定的实践。     

Mechanism and morphological characteristics of injuries made by elastic bullets of traumatic action

Mechanism and morphology of the injuries inflicted by shots with elastic bullets of traumatic action for self-defense are characterized. Experimental data are provided on the damage caused by elastic 9-mm bullets of traumatic cartridges from the pistols IZH-79-9T (Makarych), Walther P22T and revolvers NA-GAN p-1, RTD-1 PS (Viking).     

The hidden origins of enorm lesion

Plato's Penal Code: Tradition, Controversy and Reform in Greek Penology. Trevor J. Saunders. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1991. xvii + 414pp. (incl. Indexes). £50 hb. ISBN 0 19 814893 3.

Roman Marriage: Iusti Coniuges from the time of Cicero to the time of Ulpian. Susan Treggiari. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1991. xv + 578pp. (incl. Indexes). £65 hb. ISBN 0 19 814890 9.

Marriage, Divorce and Children in Ancient Rome. Edited by Beryl Rawson. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. xiv + 252pp. (incl. Index). £35 hb. ISBN 0 19 814918 2.

Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe. J.A. Brundage. University of Chicago Press, 1987. xxiv + 674pp. (incl. Index). £21.50 pb. ISBN 0 226 07784 5.

Church Courts, Sex and Marriage, in England, 1570–1640. M. Ingram. Past and Present Publications, Cambridge University Press, 1987. xiii + 412pp. (incl. Index). £45 hb. ISBN 0 521 386551.

The Medieval Canon Law. Teaching, Literature and Transmission. (The Sandars Lectures in Bibliography: 1987–1988). Dorothy M. Owen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. xii + 82pp. £25 hb. ISBN 0 521 39313 9.

Notaries Public in England since the Reformation. C.W. Brooks, R.H. Helmholz and P.G. Stein. Norwich: The Erskine Press for the Society of Public Notaries of London, 1991. ix + 148pp. (incl. Index). £60.00 hb. £29.95 pb. ISBN 1 85297 0340.

The Common Law and English Jurisprudence 1760–1850. Michael Lobban. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991. xvi + 315pp. (incl. Index). £35.00 hb. ISBN 019 825293 5.

Prosecution and Punishment: Petty Crime and the Law in London and Rural Middlesex, c. 1660–1725. Robert B. Shoemaker. Cambridge: The University Press, 1991. xxviii + 352pp. (incl. Index). £40/$64.50 hb. ISBN 0 521 40082 1.

The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century, Peter Linebaugh. London: Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1991. xxvii + 484pp. (incl. Index). £25 hb. ISBN 0 713 99045 7.

American Jurisprudence 1870–1970: A History. James Herget. Houston, Texas: Rice University Press, 1990. x + 367pp. (incl. Index.) $35.00hb. ISBN 0 89256 305 0.

Deutsche Juristen aus fünf Jarhunderten. G. Kleinheyer and J. Schröder. Heidelberg: C.F. Muller, 1989. 415pp. (incl. Index.) DM 34.80 pb.

Quellen zur Reform des Straf‐ und Strafprozessrechts, III Abteilung, NS‐Zeit (1933–1939), Band 1. Edited by J. Regge and W. Schubert et al. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1991. xxi + 648 pp. (incl. Index.) DM 498.

Quellen zur Reform des Straf‐ und Strafprozessrechts, III Abteilung, NS‐Zeit (1933–1939), Band 2, 1 Teil. Edited by J. Regge and W. Schubert et al. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1991. xxxi + 772 pp. (incl. Index.) DM 598.     

钝性暴力致乳头黄斑纤维束损伤3例分析

在法医学鉴定中眼部钝挫伤致乳头黄斑纤维束损伤案例较少见,本文作者报告3a来所遇3例,并就法医学鉴定的相关问题予以分析讨论.     

法律解释视角下的“电脑量刑”

电脑量刑之类的思想很早就有了,限制法官的法律解释活动和视司法为机械的操作活动的思想曾经在西方历史上很盛行,但这种思想最终被证明违反了法律解释原理。根据法律解释原理,司法活动是法官对法律的理解、解释和应用过程,电脑量刑是对这一原理的违背。电脑量刑在我国出现具有其特定的原因,推行下去会对司法活动产生不良的影响。除去对电脑等现代科技的迷信,我们可以利用它们为法官在司法活动中的法律解释服务。