论国际商事仲裁协议的法律适用规则

本文以国际条约、国内立法、仲裁实践和学者们的著述为基础,从当事人意思自治原则、仲裁地国法的适用、当事人行为能力的法律适用和裁决执行地法等四个方面论述了国际商事仲裁协议法律适用的有关规则,以便为正确判定仲裁协议的有效性提供指导意见.     

The legal status of the fetus: an international review

The article examines the way that courts and legislatures in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Canada and Australia have answered questions regarding the legal status of a fetus. These questions have arisen in a variety of legal situations: the article deals with succession, criminal, child protection and negligence law. The conclusion offered is that a fetus has a value and an existence that the law should recognise. This does not mean, however, that in all circumstances the law should protect the interests of the fetus. Law-makers will respond differently to claims made on behalf of a fetus, depending on the context. The fetus does not have a uniform value or character in the eyes of the law. The law makes choices as to the situations in which it will take account of actual or threatened antenatal harm.     

生命法定义论

生命法是生命法学的最基本概念。首当其冲 ,研究生命法学必须首先论述生命法之定义 ,否则 ,必将“盲人摸象”各言其是 ,使生命法学研究陷于混乱。　　 生命法概念的提出邓公平同志最早提出了“生命法”与“生命法学”这两个概念。在他主编的《医药卫生法学》一书【1】中 ,他写有“现代科学技术与生命立法”一章 ,其中第二节为“生命法的原则” ,第三节为“生命法的若干进展”。他指出 :“至今为止 ,有关生命科学的法律问题 ,人们总是把它纳入伦理的范畴。看来 ,这样的研究模式需要转变 ,因为它模糊了伦理与法律的界限 ,从而削弱了法律的权威…     

论国际金融衍生交易的法律监管

在目前的国际金融市场上,既能规避风险又能导致风险的金融衍生工具,本身是一把“双刃剑”。尽管没有一种金融业务像衍生工具那样自出生就招致如此多的麻烦,但仍阻挡不了全球金融业对它的向往。因为衍生交易创造了空前繁荣和膨胀的金融市场,并且在很大程度上改变了传统银行体系的经营范畴和交易规则。目前,对一些大型银行来说,衍生交易业务规模大有取代传统存贷业务规模之势,而成为商业银行、投资银行和信托投资公司的主导业务。但是,面对着国际     

The rule of power in the language of law

Conclusion Thus power appears as both a topic within an already constituted realm of legal analysis, and as one of the motors that drives the constitution of this realm. This second foundational level is only available to reflexive thought that can place its analysis within the world of law it analyses so as to monitor its own possibility-conditions. Power therefore presents itself as shaping the very language employed to articulate it so that the analytic language of legal education can become a resource in its own right. In drawing upon this resource we have found that power and truth are mutually implicated. Contrary to the counter-reflexive and implicit view of legal culture, this means that knowledge of the power/truth relation is also an outcome of this relation. This suggests that power is a positive factor in the determination of any legal meaning and developments within legal disciplines. Through the disowning of legal culture's counter-reflexivity it is possible positively to characterise the character and operation of power across the constituted and constituing levels. At the constituted level it shapes discourse and speakers from the inside as well as externally. At the constituting level — which can no longer be treated separately — it individualises/collectivises those very subjects, their positions and world, and distributes a conceptual and linguistic framework for its self-comprehension.     

On the optimal complexity of law and legal rules harmonization

This paper analyses the determination of the complexity of legal rules in a context of harmonization between different countries. We first assume that there are no harmonization gains. We show that if the optimal complexity levels of legal rules are equal across countries, their common level will stick when legal rules are harmonized. When these levels are different, one nation-state may lose to the determination of a uniform level of complexity. However, when there are harmonization gains we show that if these harmonization gains are large enough, complex legal rules are optimal. Moreover, we show that each nation-state could gain from the determination of a uniform level of complexity, even if this level is not its preferred one.

关于国际医疗援助中相关法律问题的探讨

虽然和平与发展已成为世界的主流,但日益加剧的地区冲突和突发自然灾害引发的严重平民伤亡未能完全幸免,立足于人道主义的国际医疗援助亦方兴未艾。然而,由于各国在政治、经济、文化传统以及民族特性等方面均存在着多样性和差异性,加之援助国与受援国间存在不可避免的利益目标的冲突,国际医疗援助在如此特殊条件下开展工作,势必会遇到一系列的法律冲突。分析国际医疗援助的现状和组织机构,探讨国际医疗援助中应遵循的法律原则和当前国际医疗援助面临的法律障碍和解决对策,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

The European Union in international environmental negotiations: a legal perspective on the internal decision-making process

From an EU point of view, most international environmental agreements are mixed. This means that both the European Community (EC) and its member states are party to the agreement. As the participation of the EC in international negotiations and agreements is properly arranged by the Treaty establishing the European Community, but the EU member states’ participation is not legally organized on the EU level, the internal decision-making process regarding mixed agreements is rather complicated. Insights into this process are needed to understand the representation and the role of the European Union in international environmental negotiations. This article clarifies the legal framework of the EU decision-making process regarding such negotiations.

试论法律监督与行政权力的和谐发展

有了权力,就同时产生了对权力的监督问题,世界各国都十分重视法律监督模式和效果的探讨。法律监督必须适应新形势发展的要求,既要对行政权力有所制约,又要保障行政权力的高效运转,依法行政就是要求法律监督和行政权力的和谐统一。而法律监督体制构建的关键,在于确保法律监督的权威和效力。     

紧急状态与行政法治

Emergent administrative power is a necessary power for dealing with emergent situation. Although different emergent administrative powers under different constitutional systems are different in content, they share the same logic structure. The establishment and the execution of the emergent administrative power shall be subject to the regulation of law. The regulation of emergent administrative power requires for the adoption of various measures with attention to the balance of values. Translated from Faxue Yanjiu 法学研究 (Case Journal of Law), 2004, (2): 3–16.     

The color of law: an economic theory of legal boundaries

This paper presents an economic theory of property, tort, and contract law based on the goal of efficiently governing economic exchange relationships. In the theory, legal boundaries emerge endogenously in response to exogenous differences in the nature of the underlying transaction concerning the possible existence of unforeseen or non-contractible contingencies, and/or the desire of one of the parties to make non-salvageable investments prior to trade. The analysis asks whether, in this context, the transaction is best governed by property, tort, or contract principles. The conclusions are illustrated by a discussion of several cases that occupy the “boundaries” between the various areas.     

行政问责制的社会法理究缘

在社会领域,政府行政责任是国家与社会对立统一关系的体征,是国家社会职能法律化的社会义务。行政问责制是社会体制法律化的必然结果,其中,政府社会责任被法律化为必须履行的社会义务,社会体制中主体的权利（力）义务（责任）的运行都成为法律化的结果,为实现这一法律化的要求,行政问责制便成为必然。