帝国的终结:德沃金及21世纪法理学——在拉特格斯大学法哲学学院成立庆典上的演讲

在拉特格斯大学法哲学学院成立这样一个愉快的时节,我感到十分高兴——不仅为拉特格斯大学的员工和学生们,而且,更宽泛地说,也为法理学领域感到由衷的高兴——看起来,此时此刻似乎适合对过去的四分之一世纪的法哲学进行必要的回顾,以便我们能够看到这一领域已经进展到什么地步,将会达到什么地步,并且我们今后所要努力的方向是什么。接下来的内容中,我将特别集中于探讨著名的、为法理学做出过杰出贡献的法理学家德沃金,尤其是他法理学思想的集大成者——1986年的名著《法律帝国》——迄今为止,恐怕德沃金是见证这一领域成长的主要人选。对于…     

Psychoanalysing the 21st Century: Introduction

The purpose of this introduction is to sketch out the value of psychoanalysis for the twenty-first century and in particular the ways in which analysis might enable us to move beyond the crisis of the post-Cold War symbolic order.

     

“21世纪的中国宪法学”笔谈

新的世纪来临,人类文明将有更加突飞猛进的发展。我国的法学包括宪法学亦将有重大的发展,必将更加繁荣。我认为中国宪法学的研究主要可侧重在以下四个方面： 1．要加强对马克思主义宪法学基本理论,特别是邓小平宪法理论的深入研究。马克思主义宪法学理论是我们研究宪法的指导思想,只有坚持它,宪法学研究才有正确的方向。我们过去对马克思主义宪法学理论虽然有一定的研究,但还不够系统、全面和深人,需要结合我国新的情况和实践继续深入加以研究。邓...     

面向21世纪的刑事司法理念

刑法理念是刑事司法理念不可或缺的内容。面向2 1世纪的刑事司法理念首先要求对刑法理念进行探讨,这种探讨应立足于形式合理性与实质合理性这一对范畴,并以此对罪刑法定原则的基本精神做深入的挖掘。罪刑法定是以形式合理性为其价值取向的,因而应当建立形式合理性的刑法观念。如果不想使罪刑法定原则成为一个口号或标语,就必须注重它在司法实践中的贯彻和落实,这就是罪刑法定原则的司法化问题。罪行法定原则的司法化涉及司法体制、司法理念和司法人员的素质等问题,特别是应建立这样的司法理念:罪刑法定原则下形式合理性优于实质合理性。     

Encryption: A 21st Century National Security Dilemma

As the 21st century approaches, encryption is presenting a national security dilemma in the US. While the use of strong encryption for computerized data is essential in protecting our nation, widespread, unregulated encryption poses serious problems on two levels: encryption could inhibit the government's ability to enforce the law as well as gather foreign intelligence. As a result, the government has established export controls on encryption products and proposed a 'key recovery' system designed to enable law enforcement officers to access encrypted data in the course of lawful investigations. The export controls have been ineffective and counterproductive policy and are arguably unconstitutional under the First Amendment. However, export controls are the only viable solution to the intelligence gathering problem and will need to survive these political and legal attacks or our national security could be jeopardized. Key recovery will be difficult and costly to implement and has come under attack by civil liberties' groups. Nevertheless, a cost-effective compromise on key recovery is necessary to meet the needs of law enforcement. Such a system, if it mirrored current electronic surveillance law, would effectively balance individual privacy rights and governmental interests and thus should survive constitutional scrutiny. Congress and President Clinton ought to enact key recovery legislation soon before the use of encryption becomes commonplace. A failure to act intelligently and effectively on this critical, cutting-edge issue could compromise our nation's future.     

Women Prisoners at the Dawn of the 21st Century

Abstract

The contemporary experiences of women in prison at the beginning of the 21st century must be understood within the context of the monumental increase in incarceration of specific U.S. populations in the last three decades of the 20th century, a truly unique period in history. How race and class impact on the increase of women in U.S. prisons attests to the importance of an intersectional and structural analysis (of race, class, and gender) in explaining the huge number of poor, heavily Black and Latina women incarcerated today. Women are criminalized for the same kinds of crimes today as in the past (nonviolent larceny-theft, forgery, and prostitution)-with the critical addition of drugs (and the “net widening” of previously noncriminal or nonviolent behaviors). And with drugs, the racialized impacts are even more profound. The socially structured conditions of class, race, and gender in the context of globalization, unemployment, and the prison industrial complex help to explain these findings.     

新世纪南北双方的经济主权立场前瞻

随着经济全球化的不断加深 ,发达国家仍将不断巩固自身经济主权、侵蚀弱国经济主权 ;发展中国家仍将不断维护经济主权、争取实现经济主权。为此 ,在全球化过程中 ,发展中国家必须从宏观方面做到以下几点 :充分认识到并做到 :始终如一地坚持经济主权原则、坚持经济主权的辩证法、坚持经济主权权利和权力的相对性、牢牢控制核心经济主权权利和权力、适度限制和让渡非核心经济主权权利和权力。     

Biotechnology,Bioethics and Law: Europe's 21st Century Challenge*

Advances in biotechnology make possible many things which even a few years ago would have seemed unimaginable. However, the steady advance of biotechnological innovation raises difficult questions for ethicists and regulators. In the thirty‐fourth Chorley Lecture Noelle Lenoir analyses the European response to these challenges and calls upon European leaders to honour their commitment to human dignity and to give leadership in the emergent fields of embryo research, cloning and genetic enhancement.     

我国21世纪警用轻武器展望

21世纪应充分挖掘我国警用轻武器现有装备的潜能，提高警用轻武器的使用可靠性和人机效能，进一步完善致命性与非致命性武器的配套装备，注重武器系统一体化发展，积极探索适应改革发展的新路子，为实现警用武器的现代化而努力。     

论21世纪中国法学教育面临的挑战与机遇

依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家,已成为我国社会发展和迈向21世纪之路的必然选择.法学教育作为传播和交流治国之学的科学活动,要承担法治所赋予的神圣使命,充满着机遇和挑战.本文从依法治国、科学技术大发展、经济全球化、可持续发展和知识经济五个方面阐述了新世纪对发展法学教育所带来的机遇和面临的挑战,对改进和加强法学教育和研究工作有启发意义.     

新世纪新闻传播人才素质教育

本文在21世纪新闻传播事业大发展的背景下,论述了新闻教育机构培养高素质的新闻传播人才的几个重要问题。文章认为,改变新闻教育观念是培养高素质新闻传播人才的前提。新闻教育必须实施通才教育,从单学科教育转向多学科综合教育;必须实施素质教育,从单技能教育转向素质技能综合教育;必须实施高科技教育,从廉价教育转向高投入教育。文章指出,加强政治素质和业务素质教育,是培养高素质新闻传播人才的基础。政治强、业务精是社会主义新闻传播教育的目标;多学科交叉“信息模式”是新闻传播教育的理想模式。文章强调,政治与业务相结合,理论与实践相结合,是培养高素质新闻传播人才的关键。新闻传播教育必须改变目前“重理论,弱实践”的状况,才能适应新闻传播事业的发展。     

A 21st Century Developmentally Appropriate Juvenile Probation Approach

Principles of adolescent development have accelerated positive changes to the juvenile justice system. These changes have been most pronounced in reducing reliance on incarceration and in approaches to sentencing of youth tried as adults. While juvenile probation has made some developmentally friendly adjustments, it remains an area that is fertile for reform. Many of the principles and goals in this paper have been endorsed by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ), which “supports and is committed to juvenile probation systems that conform to the latest knowledge of adolescent development and adolescent brain science,” and which “recommends that courts cease imposing ‘conditions of probation’ and instead support probation departments’ developing, with families and youth, individualized case plans that set expectations and goals.” 1 NCJFCJ's July, 2017 resolution in support of developmentally appropriate juvenile probation services built on earlier NCJFCJ policies. From the time NCJFCJ adopted Juvenile Delinquency Guidelines in 2005, those policies have grown increasingly robust. 2     

Servitude and Forced Labour in the 21st Century: The Human Rights of Domestic Workers

Organisations and scholars have recently drawn attention towhat they call a modern form of slavery, ‘domestic slavery’.Domestic workers in Europe and elsewhere live and work in appallingconditions and are vulnerable to abuse. This article describesthe problem, presents the relevant legal instruments and analysesa decision of the European Court of Human Rights, Siliadin vFrance, where France was found in breach of the prohibitionof slavery, servitude, forced and compulsory labour under theEuropean Convention on Human Rights. The paper examines thegrowing interaction between international labour law and internationalhuman rights law. It argues that the decision in Siliadin andits legal implications constitute a positive first step towardsaddressing the problem of the coercion and vulnerability ofmigrant domestic workers.     

从运动到领域:21世纪“法律与发展”的多维面相

作为一场根植于美国本土的全球性法学运动,21世纪的法律与发展已经或是正在从运动转向领域,并至少呈现出四个维度的实践面相。政治维度的法律与发展政策是由西方法律援助产业所派生的,并以向广大受援国推行法律援助项目为目标。学术维度的法律与发展运动具有行动导向、学术自治、理论构建和科学考察的混合知识风格。理论维度的法律与发展研究正逐渐形成以宏观理论研究、中观经验研究、微观部门法和个案研究为主干的理论体系。科学维度的法律与发展评估集中表现为法律指标运动、法治评估运动和法律知识散播的前后相继。面对21世纪的法律挑战,南方国家的法律与发展学者有责任共同联手并努力探索符合各国发展实际的地方性法律知识。     

The Legality of Anticipatory Self-Defence in the 21st Century World Order: A Re-Appraisal

Netherlands International Law Review -     

生命伦理学与21世纪的法律——西方生命伦理立法概览

生命伦理学与法学交叉领域研究近几十年来受到西方国家的重视,甚至被当作21世纪法律的核心。各国围绕生命的不同阶段和状态展开的一系列立法举措与法学研究使公民在生死、器官移植、基因信息与检测等方面的权利得到了保障。介绍与分析具有代表性的生命伦理立法例,说明涉及生命伦理的法律问题应当作为一个体系加强研究,借此为我国的生命伦理立法与法学研究提供有益的借鉴与启示。