民事行政案件抗诉说理的重要性与关键点

民事行政案件抗诉书,是人民检察院对人民法院已经生效、确有错误的民事、行政判决或裁定依法提出抗诉时,所制作的一种法律文书。随着检察机关维护公正要求的提高,在切实遵循法律文书格式制作规范要求的同     

提高法律文书写作能力的一点体会

法律文书是公检法机关和律师、仲裁、公证机关在诉讼活动和非诉讼活动中制作和使用的各种文书。每个法律人都离不开法律文书的制作，法官要制作判决书，检察官要制作起诉书，律师要写辩护意见等。因此法律文书的写作非常重要。法律文书具有双重属性，一是法律属性，二是写作属性。法律属性决定写作属性，写作属性对法律属性具有一定的反映。既反映实体法规定，体现对案件处理的实体决定；也反映程序法的规定，体现对案件处理的程序规定。如何提高法律文书的写作能力，笔者根据实践经验谈点体会。     

探索控申法律文书改革 促进刑事复查公开公正

控申法律文书是检察机关办理刑事申诉案件依法制作并送达申诉人的具有法律效力的法律公文,具有规范性、程式性和公示性。具体包括刑事申诉复查决定书和刑事申诉复查通知书以及刑事申诉审查结果通知书三种。 一、现实控申法律文书的缺陷及弊端 随着执法指导思想的不断深化,用现代司法理念和执法为民的宗旨审视以往几年的刑事申诉办案实践,控申法律文书的现状不能令人满意,还存在不少问题和缺陷,主要表现在:     

《批准逮捕决定书》回执的填写亟须统一规范

《批准逮捕决定书》是人民检察院在批捕刑事案件过程中,对于公安机关、国家安全机关等侦查机关(部门)提请批准逮捕的案件,认为符合刑事诉讼法规定的逮捕条件,依法批准逮捕犯罪嫌疑人时制作的检察法律文书。《批准逮捕决定书》是检察机关作出的具有法律权威性的重要文书,在填写时,应当统一、规     

资讯

最高法:减、假、暂案件法律文书一律网上公布2月15日,最高人民法院开通了全国法院减刑、假释、暂予监外执行信息网。今后,除依法不公开的案件外,所有减、假、暂案件的法律文书将一律在该网上予以公布。据介绍,该信息网具有"立案公示"、"开庭公告"、"庭     

浅析检察法律文书制作中的几个状况

检察法律文书是人民检察院为履行法定职责,根据有关法律规定制作的具有法律效力的文书.它是客观反映案件事实、证据、程序连接及案件质量的载体,体现了检察权行使的统一性、法定性和严肃性.在开展检察法律文书规范活动中,我们发现检察法律文书的设计和适用还有一些应予完善的几个内容.     

最高法院、司法部明确死刊案件辩护律师资格

最高人民法院、司法部5月21日联合发布了《关于充分保障律师依法履行辩护职责确保死刑案件办理质量的若干规定》（以下简称《规定》），严格了承担死刑案件法律援助律师的资格，要求法律援助机构指派担任死刑案件辩护人的应是“具有刑事案件出庭辩护经验的律师”。     

最高法院、司法部明确死刑案件辩护律师资格

最高人民法院、司法部5月21日联合发布了《关于充分保障律师依法履行辩护职责确保死刑案件办理质量的若干规定》(以下简称《规定》),严格了承担死刑案件法律援助律师的资格.要求法律援助机构指派担任死刑案件辩护人的应是"具有刑事案件出庭辩护经验的律师"。《规定》强调,人民法院对可能被判处死刑的被告人,应当根据刑事诉讼法的规定,充分保障辩护律师依法履行辩护职责;司法行政机关、律师     

试论审查逮捕案件意见书制作中证据分析的若干问题

审查逮捕案件意见书,是侦查监督部门在对案件审查终结后,由承办检察官根据事实和法律制作的法律文书。目前进行的审查逮捕案件意见书改革是检察法律文书改革中的一项重要内容,其核心在于增强文书的说理性、逻辑性和客观性,阐明“捕”或“不捕”结论形成或得出的思路。众所周知,证据审查是审查逮捕工作的中心环节,对于保障案件质量及案件审查后引导侦查等工作有重大意义,由此证据分析成为审查逮捕案件意见书的灵魂和该文书制作中的重点和难点。笔者结合实践,就审查逮捕案件意见书制作中证据分析的若干问题,略陈管见。一、审查逮捕案件意见书…     

论司法机关法律文书中的语言运用

语言的运用是法律文书制作过程中最为关键的环节,司法机关对案件事实的分析、认定、适用法律等都要通过语言才能表现出来。由于各种原因,在当今的法律文书制作中,还存在着用词陈旧、个人感情色彩浓厚、表意肤浅、套语过多等弊病,严重影响着法律文书内容的正确表达,所以有必要对法律文书的语言运用予以改进,着力解决适应时代变化、使用普通话、尊重当事人人格、精心选炼词语等方面的问题。     

现代法律援助制度中的国家责任

国家责任的有无是现代法律援助制度与传统法律援助制度相区别的主要标志。现代法律援助制度作为法治社会的一项人权保障制度 ,已经在许多国家的法律甚至宪法或宪法性文件中加以确立。法律援助的国家责任也被规定在一系列国际文件中。我国目前已建立法律援助制度 ,但并未形成现代法律援助制度。在我国向现代法律援助制度方向发展的过程中 ,确立我国法律援助的国家责任尤显必要。     

论未成年人刑事法律援助制度的理论基础

刑事法律援助是法律援助制度中最核心、最重要的内容,其实质就是在刑事领域里扶贫助弱,对处于弱势地位的人提供法律上的帮助和支持。未成年人比起成年人更需要刑事法律援助。因此,研究未成年人刑事法律援助制度的理论基础,剖析法律给予未成年人刑事法律援助的理论根据,最终真正实现刑事法律给予未成年人的特殊照顾和关怀,既具有理论意义,更具有实践价值。     

有效援助论

法律援助制度运行成功与否，以其所提供的法律援助是否有效为衡量依据，而有效援助的实现应以法律援助质量保障体系为后盾。在借鉴各国有效援助经验的基础上，我国应不断完善法律援助的质量保障体系，即确立有效援助的标准，以高素质的法律援助提供者为依托，在法律援助监督机制的保障下，充分利用法律援助的经费。     

Changing the immigration rules and withdrawing the ‘currency’ of legal aid: the impact of LASPO 2012 on migrants and their families

The provisions of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO 2012) will remove almost all immigration cases from the scope of legal aid with effect from 1 April 2013. Part One of this paper describes the expected changes LASPO 2012 will make and then explores their anticipated impact. It explains that large numbers of migrants and their family members are likely to be without legal advice and representation after April 2013, including in cases where the state-enforced removal or deportation from the UK of a parent is contemplated, with the consequence of separating parent from child. Part Two explores the possibility that an ‘exceptional case determination’ might provide a route back into legal aid funding, and finds that this is likely to be restricted, in immigration cases, to those making applications relying on Article 8 ECHR and who can demonstrate a particular and individual requirement for legal aid. Part Three explores the rationale for these changes, and concerns about access to justice for migrants and their family members in cases involving acute interference with rights to family and private life. It places these concerns in context, specifically the fundamental and restrictive amendments to the Immigration Rules relating to family migration introduced from July 2012. These amendments are enormously complex and their full legal implications have yet to be tested in the higher courts. Part Four questions whether the changes will in fact achieve their stated aim of cost savings or whether the costs will simply be transferred to other parts of the State (especially to the Tribunal system, in dealing with litigants in person). The paper additionally questions, in Part Five, whether the regulators are equipped to regulate the quality of the fee-charging immigration advice services to which at least some individuals will turn. The paper concludes that, at the very least, it is particularly harsh that the Government has removed the ‘currency’ of legal aid at this time, so that those with limited financial resources have neither access to legal aid advice about the meaning of those Rules nor legal aid representation to test their proper interpretation.     

中国司法鉴定救助制度的实证研究

我国司法鉴定救助制度运作虽时日不久,但却积累了较为丰富的经验。实践中的典型案例和一些鉴定机构、法律援助部门的统计数据表明：目前规模性的鉴定救助兴起于2006年,并主要发生于民诉领域;同时,司法鉴定救助的对象大多是因交通事故、工伤等引发伤残鉴定的农民或农民工等弱势群体。毋庸置疑,鉴定机构与法律援助部门在推动我国司法鉴定救助方面起了重要作用。鉴定救助的现状是与当前司法鉴定制度改革背景、法律援助的多年经验,以及其它特殊条件共同促动的,虽然存在不少问题,但其探索启示了进一步的发展之路。     

论法律援助法的总则构建

国家法律援助法律或者行政法规的制定已经提上日程,地方性法律援助法规和规章正在不断产生。在制定法律援助法律、法规和规章的过程中,有种种理念的、制度的和技术的问题需要研究和解决,其中一个十分突出的问题就是总则应当如何构建的问题。本文探讨了法律援助法的总则结构、立法宗旨、立法根据、适用范围、基本原则,以及法律援助的概念界定、积极因素、消极因素、重心、激励机制,为目前中央和地方的法律援助立法,提供理论与应用密切结合的研究成果和对策,以供各有关方面参酌。     

辉煌与印证:敦煌《文明判集残卷》研究

敦煌文献《文明判集残卷》精深宏富,弥足珍贵。它以洞烛幽微的方式,使我们在解构作为裁判载体的唐代法律文书本身的结构格式、辞章、共同特点的同时,还为我们以史为经对法律文书的递变做纵向研究支撑起无法替代的历史平台。它以其格调庄严、简约有致的风格,博大的哲学理念,鲜活的法、理、情的和谐统一,让我们在识见中华法系中的法文化、法意识和法律制度之际,惊叹中西一流智慧的殊途同归:"活法"的惊人映照!它,尤使我们在云遮雾障的历史中穿越智识的长河,于悠悠心会中提供一种久远的深度与返照。     

普通公民也应享有对法律文件审查的启动权——由一个地方性法规与国家部委文件适用争议案例引发的思考

当法律文件违反其上位法时,最好的解决办法是通过审查后对其予以撤销或改变,使其中违法的内容失去效力。我国虽有一套较为健全的法律文件冲突解决的规则,但在实践中这些规则几乎派不上用场,原因在于法律文件审查的启动权方面存在问题。要想真正解决我国普遍存在的法律文件冲突现象,使既有的法律文件冲突规则发挥作用,关键措施之一是,法律应当明确赋予普通公民对法律文件审查的启动权,并设计一套启动审查法律文件冲突的程序,使法律文件冲突审查真正走上常规化、制度化和法制化轨道。     

LEGAL USE OF MENTAL HEALTH EVALUATIONS IN CHILD PROTECTION PROCEEDINGS

The authors examine the use of mental health evaluations in legal decision making within a large, urban juvenile court system. The focus was on court files in child protection cases relating to 171 randomly selected mental health evaluations completed on parents and 44 evaluations completed on children. Parent evaluations (46.7%) were much more likely to be present in court files than child evaluations (5.9%), and evaluations conducted by in-house court clinicians (63.8%) were more often present than those conducted by noncourt clinicians (37.5%). References to evaluations in child welfare, legal, or mental health documents varied with the type of information, subject (parent or child), and source of the evaluation. Findings and/or recommendations of evaluations were cited in legal or mental health documents for approximately two thirds of parent evaluations but only one third of child evaluations. Evaluation findings and/or recommendations were stated as a basis for legal decisions in 36.2% of court-based parent evaluations, 21.0% of noncourt-based parent evaluations, and 2.3% of child evaluations. These results provide evidence of a modest impact of parent evaluations on legal decisions and notably less impact for child evaluations. The authors suggest directions for future research and practice in order to increase the accessibility and usefulness of clinical evaluations in legal decision making.     

Justice on the line? A comparison of telephone and face-to-face advice in social welfare legal aid

This paper investigates the impact on legal advice of the major shift to telephone-only services in social welfare legal aid, which took place in April 2013. An empirical study comparing telephone and face-to-face advice reveals that face-to-face contact has considerable advantages in the advice interview. Based on interviews and observations with housing law clients, their lawyers and advisers, the findings of this qualitative study demonstrate that clients and lawyers often find it easier to express themselves and understand each other face-to-face. The face-to-face interview benefits from features including the stronger emotional connection between lawyer and client, non-verbal communication, more expansive conversation and the greater ability to consult and confer over documents. Telephone-only advice may be suitable for some more capable clients and uncomplicated matters, but this qualitative research shows that vulnerable clients are more likely to be adversely affected by the potential disadvantages of telephone-only contact. Clients with more complex social needs or with more serious or urgent cases are better served by face-to-face advice. The findings of this research should inform the LASPO review and future priorities for legal aid funding.