京尼平与茚三酮显现手印方法的比较研究

目的对京尼平与茚三酮两种手印显现方法进行综合评价。方法用两种方法显现不同遗留客体上不同遗留时间的手印,并对显现效果、显出手印的稳定性及纸张字迹油墨扩散等现象进行考察。结果京尼平与茚三酮有着相似的的显现原理、适用范围和熏显条件,但在显现效果、显出手印稳定性、试剂成本和安全性能方面存在差异。结论京尼平相比茚三酮方法更安全、绿色环保、显出的手印稳定性更强。     

热敏纸与压敏纸上的汗液手印显现

根据热敏纸与压敏纸的特性,研制了一种新的汗液手印显现方法,该方法能有效的保持检材原貌,不破坏检材.     

Terraskin® the paper made from stone: a study of a new writing support for forensic purposes

Can a mineral paper be called paper? Until now all known writing supports have been ancient stones and tablets, parchment, and paper of vegetable origin, such as papyrus and fiber pulp paper. Some years ago polymeric banknotes appeared in Australia, and in 2004 mineral paper (stone plus polymer) emerged as an ecological alternative to pulp paper. In this article we study the physical and elemental features of a mineral paper such as the behavior of Terraskin? paper. We also study its behavior as a writing support, either for handwriting or printing, and compare these results with those usually obtained for paper made from pulp.     

Response Assessment of Thermal Papers from Four Continents to Fingerprint Development by Heat

Latent fingerprint deposits on thermal paper sourced from the U.S., China, the U.K., and Australia have been visualized by heating. U.S. and Chinese sourced paper produced two distinct types of fingerprint development. In one type (type 1), the paper dye colors where the deposit is present (as previously reported) and in the other type (type 2) the ‘inverse’ of this gives paper coloring only in areas not coincident with the deposit. Both development types gave identifiable fingerprints, the majority fading within 24 h of heating. Fingerprint development from U.K. and Australian sourced paper was exclusively type 1 and resistant to fading. Temperatures for fingerprint visualization were higher for U.S. paper (64–71°C) and Chinese paper (75–95°C) than for U.K. and Australian sourced paper (43–50°C). Particularly for Chinese sourced paper, these temperatures were within a few degrees of the normal paper color temperature. A mechanism for type 2 fingerprint development is proposed.     

尼罗红显现潮湿纸张上油脂手印方法初探

目的探索显现潮湿纸张表面油脂手印的显现方法。方法取250枚纸张载体的油脂指印,分为AB-CDE 5组,分别用自来水浸泡不同时间后,用尼罗红工作液显现,并在465nm多波段光源下进行观察。结果 5组的显现率从56%～94%,表明显出率比较高。结论该方法简单实用,可用于案件检验。     

Gelatine lifting, a novel technique for the examination of indented writing

The limitations of the examination of indented writing impressions using electrostatic detection are often paper related. Paper types such as glossy paper, paper of high basis weight, and lithography or gravure-printed papers often give rise to problems resulting in a decrease in sensitivity or a lack of detection altogether. In this paper, a novel technique for the examination of indented writing is presented, which is in a sense complimentary to the technique of electrostatic detection as it is especially suitable for glossy-coated and printed paper types and can in some instances also deal with paper types of higher basis weight. Indented writing grooves will normally contain more particles than the surrounding nonindented areas due to damage of the surface layer resulting in a build-up of filler powder. The method presented uses black gelatine lifter slabs to lift the paper dust image off the surface of the paper. This image can quite easily be photographed using near-to-coaxial lighting. The gelatine lifting method outperforms oblique lighting for the detection of indented writing and is almost as sensitive as electrostatic detection if compared on the types of paper where both perform well. The main advantage of this new technique is, however, that it is especially suitable for those types of paper where electrostatic detection fails and is therefore a welcome addition to the range of methods available to a forensic document examiner for the examination of indented writing.     

纸张经茚三酮显现指印后的变色现象

目的研究经茚三酮显现指印后纸质检材的变色规律、产生条件及解决方法。方法比较不同茚三酮显现条件，显现后不同保存条件下各种纸质检材的变色现象。结果经茚三酮显现指印后纸质检材的保存环境中，当温度、湿度达到一定条件时，大部分纸质检材会发生不同程度的变色现象。结论经茚三酮显现后的纸质检材要采取适当的方法保存。影响纸张变色的决定性因素为检材所保存的温度和湿度。环境温度在25℃以上并且湿度在60％以上，经茚三酮药液显现的白色纸张保存24h后都会有变色的可能，48h后绝大部分白色纸张会发生变色。     

热敏纸表面上汗潜指纹的显现

茚三酮溶液显现法是显现普通纸表面汗潜指纹的常用方法。但是由于热敏纸表面涂有热敏涂料,使得上述方法在该客体表面汗潜指纹的显现中难以奏效。不过,在此方法基础上改良发展而来的1,2茚二酮法、二甲基氨基肉桂醛法、过量丙酮冲洗法、半醇酮茚显现法等4种方法能取得较好效果。     

A Calibration Test for Latent Fingerprint Development on Thermal Paper

A calibration test is described for monitoring the operation of equipment used to develop latent fingerprints on thermal paper by the application of either controlled or uncontrolled heat. A working solution of a water/glycerol emulsion and butylene glycol is applied to thermal paper by means of either a vinyl stamp and pad, or a marker pen. Varying the amount of butylene glycol enables the thermal paper to change color at different temperatures between approximately 40 and 60°C, which is below the normal color change temperature of the paper. The described test may be used to verify the correct operation, at different temperatures, of a controlled heat source during and after fingerprint development (such as the Hot Print System) or to monitor the paper temperature with an uncontrolled heat source (such as a warm air blower), thereby avoiding unintentional coloring of the entire paper surface.     

无碳复写纸的X射线衍射分析

通过对无碳复写纸原纸和显色涂层的X射线衍射分析,达到对不同厂家无碳复写纸区分的目的.     

利用DNS比色法推断纸张相对制成时间

目的初步探讨利用DNS比色法研究纸张相对制成时间。方法利用DNS比色法测量不同制成时间的纸张中还原糖的变化。结果通过比较不同制成时间的纸张中还原糖量的变化规律,推断纸张的相对制成时间。结论用该方法可以对同类纸张,不同制成时间的纸张进行区分,为纸张相对制成时间的检验提供新的方法和思路。     

基于单波长红外图像检验纸载体表面目标物 K粉的研究

目的 建立快速评估4种纸张载体表面是否存在K粉的无损检验方法.方法 采集纸载体表面可能附着K粉区域的红外图像,以K粉红外特征吸收峰获得对应的单波长红外图像,据图像分析区域内表征的各组分红外光谱和空间分布信息评估K粉的存在.结论 该检验方法所需样品量少,为无损检验,可快速评估纸载体表面是否存在K粉,为气质联用等检验方法提供定性检验目标.     

纸张被溶液浸泡老化的变化规律研究

目的研究纸张在水及常见溶液中被浸泡老化条件下所发生的变化及规律。方法对纸张分别用纯水、茶水、5%氢氧化钠溶液和5%硫酸溶液进行溶液浸泡老化实验。结果纸张被不同溶液浸泡老化后,和无浸泡条件纸张相比,在表观特征、荧光强度和反射光谱特征等方面均有不同程度的变化。结论此实验结果可为检验可疑文件是否被溶液浸泡老化提供依据。     

Racial capitalism and punishment philosophy and practices: what really stands in the way of prison abolition

This paper explores punishment philosophy and practices in the United States from a critical criminological perspective, utilizing a racial capitalism framework to illustrate forces that impede prison abolition. The paper examines historic and contemporary punishments implemented against ‘others’ to show how such practices help to sustain white capital accumulation and white privilege. The paper also discusses a number of the individual social-psychological theories that assist in the maintenance of that system. Finally, the paper calls for the eradication of racial capitalism through a stronger revolutionary consciousness.     

喷墨打印机走纸步进量作为机种特征的实验研究

目的确定一个有助于识别喷墨打印机种的墨迹特征。方法对Epson、HP、Canon和Lexmark四大品牌的65种喷墨打印机的实验输出样本墨迹中重复出现的瑕疵进行分析。这些瑕疵包括：横向漏白条纹、重叠条纹和纵向对接错位等。结果相邻两个瑕疵之间的距离与打印机固有的走纸步进量直接相关。观测得出的走纸步进量既稳定又反映特定机种。结论将走纸步进量作为一个喷墨打印机种特征来利用具有较强的有效性和可行性。     

Coping in Psychological Injury: A Biopsychosocial and Forensic Perspective

This paper examines stress and coping from the perspective of psychological injury, which concerns injuries attributed to an event at claim. The paper explores current conceptualizations of stress and coping and includes discussion of resilience. In particular, the paper focuses on biopsychosocial approaches, given their relevance to the area of psychological in jury and law. The paper presents a model of coping that integrates biopsychosocial and forensic aspects. As part of the model, the author develops the concept of forensic appraisals, which are particular to the area of psychological injury and law. The paper discusses implications for practice and assessment.     

Reliability of paper brightness in authenticating documents

Evaluation of paper brightness in multipage documents is a practice of forensic document examiners when there is a question of a page insertion or substitution. This article demonstrates that occasional errors occur in the manufacturing process that affects the consistency of paper brightness. The inconsistency of paper brightness may therefore influence conclusions reached in authenticating documents. Reams of multipurpose paper, from 21 manufacturers, were examined. When assessing the individual pages of each package with an ultraviolet light, approximately 30% of the reams revealed differences in paper brightness. A study of the paper-manufacturing process was conducted to determine where variations originate. It is concluded that brightness differences occur when one incompatible roll of paper is mistakenly placed with others used for one production run. It was also determined that brightness variations (when present) are patterned throughout individual reams. When the authenticity of a document is in question, consideration of these findings is essential to assure an accurate assessment.     

课程结构的社会学分析

本从社会学角度分析了课程结构所蕴含的社会学特征。课程结构主要分为宏观、中观和微观三个层面：宏观层面主要考察权力在国家课程、地方课程以及学校课程配置中的作用;中观层面主要探讨不同学科之间地位呈“阶层化”的实质;微观层面通过对学科内部知识结构的分析,揭示其蕴含的价值取向。     

Chelex-100法提取滤纸血痕DNA影响因素的比较

目的改进滤纸血痕DNA提取方法,建立更简便、廉价,适合当前DNA建库需要的提取方法。方法将752份滤纸血痕分成四组,分别按照四种不同的Chelex-100法进行DNA提取并进行比较研究;63份新鲜血痕分别按照两种方法提取并进行对比研究。结果对于陈旧滤纸血痕,四种提取方法的检测成功率无显著差异(P>0.05);对于新鲜血痕,两种提取方法的检测成功率有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论对于建库陈旧滤纸血痕样本的DNA提取可采用不加纯水处理,直接加入Chelex-100的方法进行。     

烧毁复印纸的提取、显现方法研究

目的建立科学的提取、显现烧毁复印纸的方法。方法制备烧毁复印纸,对比喷雾法、气熏法、涂刷法、水漂法、发胶喷雾法对烧毁复印纸的摊平软化效果;对比夹板固定法和胶带粘取法对烧毁复印纸的固定效果;对比光学检验法、化学显现法对烧毁复印纸文件的显现效果。结果喷雾法摊平软化效果整体上优于其他方法;夹板固定法可适用于大多数烧毁复印纸文件,胶带粘取法适用于打印类复印纸文件;光学检验可以显现出黑笔、蓝笔、红笔、2B铅笔字迹以及指印,化学显现可以更清晰地显现出黑笔、2B铅笔字迹。结论当烧毁复印纸烧毁程度不明确时,摊平软化可选用喷雾法;当烧毁复印纸内容需进一步检验时,固定优选用夹板固定法;显现烧毁复印纸应根据不同显现客体采取合适的方法。