苏东剧变后的东欧大趋势

15年来,由前东欧社会主义国家演变分化而来的12国及前苏联解体成立的波罗的海沿岸3国,在东部欧洲逐渐形成一个有某种共性的群体.在世界政治格局调整和北约欧盟东扩的背景下,这些中东欧、东南欧国家由于其现代史背景及地缘政治利益类似,更迭后的制度走向趋同,近来日益显现出一些相同的发展趋势.     

欧盟东扩研究综述

进入20世纪90年代以后,中东欧国家在进行全面转轨的同时纷纷提出"回归欧洲"的口号,并将加入欧盟确立为各国要实现的主要目标之一.出于地缘政治与经济的考虑,欧盟也将东扩视为一体化进一步发展的一个重要战略.经过有关各方多年的努力,欧盟2002年12月哥本哈根首脑会议决定,于2004年5月1日正式接纳波兰等10个中东欧国家加入欧盟.欧盟东扩将对欧洲乃至世界的政治与经济格局产生重大的影响,国内的有关专家和学者因此给予了相当的关注,并围绕东扩的历史条件、动因、挑战与影响等问题提出了许多有建树的观点.现将相关问题综述如下.     

德国的火车头能否拉动新欧盟列车?--欧盟东扩前夕话德国

2004年5月1日,欧盟将进行历史性的东扩,中东欧10国将成为欧盟的新成员国。欧盟东扩前夕,其经济火车头的德国状况如何?令人关注。2002年9月应德国外交学会会长、柏林自由大学政治学系主任暨中国与东亚现代化研究所所长Dr.Prof.Sandschenier的邀请,赴柏林自由大学访学半年。期间参加了一些学术讨论会,参观了德国的一些名城、风景名胜,经历了一些令人难忘的事情,加深了对欧盟东扩前夕的德国的认识。     

欧盟东扩引起国际工运界关注

从2004年5月1日起,欧盟吸收了匈牙利等10个新成员国(以下简称新成员国),使其成员从15国扩大为25国。欧盟东扩引起了包括国际工运界在内的各方面关注。 一、欧盟东扩带来的问题 欧盟东扩是东欧国家社会制度演变和走上市场经济的结果之一,也是欧洲国家实现经济和社会一体化及欧盟加强     

中东欧诸国为何追求加入欧盟?

欧盟东扩和中东欧国家入盟,无疑是双赢的大事.但欧盟推行的是"争取加限制"的政策,侧重于使中东欧国家成为其产品倾销地,而不是使其经济迅速发展起来成为其竞争对手.欧盟在"欢迎"的同时,提出了苛刻的入盟条件.     

从美苏之间到美欧俄之间——1989年后中东欧国家的外交战略与大国关系的互动

在中东欧国家由苏联"卫星国"向北约和欧盟成员的转变中,苏联、美国、北约、欧盟及俄罗斯对中东欧国家的政策及它们之间的关系起到了至关重要、有时甚至是决定性的作用。正是在美苏对峙格局崩溃,美国成为世界唯一的超级大国,美、欧、俄的博弈渐次展开但远未构成三足鼎立的情况下,中东欧国家以加入北约与欧盟为主要内容的"回归欧洲"战略得以确立和实施。中东欧国家加入北约和欧盟对美、欧、俄关系产生了一定的影响,但不会从根本上改变与美、欧、俄之间现有的关系格局。     

欧盟东扩研究述评

进入 2 0世纪 90年代以后 ,中东欧国家在进行全面转轨的同时纷纷提出“回归欧洲”的口号 ,并将加入欧盟确立为各国要实现的主要目标之一。出于地缘政治与经济的考虑 ,欧盟也将东扩视为一体化进一步发展的一个重要战略。经过有关各方多年的努力 ,欧盟 2 0 0 2年 1 2月哥本哈根首脑会议决定 ,于 2 0 0 4年 5月 1日正式接纳波兰等 1 0个中东欧国家加入欧盟。欧盟东扩将对欧洲乃至世界的政治与经济格局产生重大的影响 ,国内的有关专家和学者因此给予了相当的关注 ,并围绕东扩的历史条件、动因、挑战与影响等问题提出了许多有建树的观点。现将相…     

中东欧国家在欧盟的利益诉求和利益博弈

自2004年以来,欧盟先后进行了三次东扩,11个中东欧国家加入了欧盟。由于经济发展水平、地缘政治环境、历史经验和政治文化等方面存在差异,中东欧新成员国与西欧老成员国在一系列问题上产生了分歧。本文介绍了中东欧国家在欧盟的利益诉求,阐述了中东欧国家在欧盟影响力的差异,分析了它们在欧盟进行利益博弈的特点。文章最后指出,唯有从欧盟的角度看待民族国家利益,加强与欧盟老成员国之间的信任、沟通和理解,积极参与欧洲一体化进程并提出建设性意见,中东欧新成员国才能提升自身在欧盟的影响力,并更多地从欧洲一体化进程中获利。     

欧盟东扩10周年与中东欧国家在欧洲的利益

2004年欧盟东扩以来,在经历了10年的学习和趋同进程之后,许多中东欧国家在欧盟内部的影响力不断提高,在欧洲政治和经济生活中的正向显示度也得到前所未有的提升。如今,许多中东欧国家不再局限于甘做欧洲大西洋共同体中的小伙伴,而是越来越雄心勃勃地致力于塑造平等关系。如果中东欧国家能够不断巩固其日益成长的政治成熟度、信心、经济活力和亲欧洲的能力,那么其必将为欧洲建设注入新的活力。本文讨论了中东欧国家在欧洲的利益、实现这些利益的障碍,以及克服这些障碍可能选取的战略。     

中东欧转轨二十年:经验与教训

<正>编者按冷战结束后,地缘政治上的东欧消失了,取而代之的是地理位置上的中东欧(东中欧和东南欧)。经过20年的发展,尽管随着一些中东欧国家陆续加入北约和欧盟,它们"返回欧洲"的梦想似乎已经成为现实,但如今的中东欧国家一方面因国小力微并没有形成统一的政治、经济和外交力量。然而,无论从地理位     

Power and transformational and transactional leadership in public and private organizations

Ten public and 35 private organizations located in Central New York State participated in a university- sponsored research project to study the effects of organizational characteristics upon types of leadership (transformational/transactional) and power demonstrated by supervisors. Public sector organizations in which managers had low control over rewards were compared to private sector organizations in which managers had high control over rewards.

Followers perceived public sector supervisors as more inspirational by their followers and they used more active management-by-exception behavior than those in private organizations. Private sector supervisors had more reward, legitimate and coercive power than supervisors in public sector organizations.     

Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians and why Novorossiya failed

This article discusses two inter-related issues. Firstly, the factors lying behind Russia's fervent belief that its Novorossiya (New Russia) project, aimed to bring back to Russia eight oblasts of Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Zaporizhhya, Odesa, Mykolayiv, and Kherson in eastern and southern Ukraine and launched during the 2014 “Russian Spring,” would be successful. Russian identity misunderstood, and continues to misunderstand, Ukraine and Ukrainians through stereotypes and myths of Ukraine as an “artificial state” and Ukraine's Russian speakers as “fraternal brothers” and Russians and Ukrainians as “one people” (odin narod). Secondly, why Ukrainian national identity was different than these Russian stereotypes and myths and how this led to the failure of the Novorossiya project. Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians came face to face with the reality of Russian-speaking Ukrainian patriotism and their low support for the Russkij Mir (Russian World). The article compares Russian stereotypes and myths of Ukraine and Ukrainians with how Ukrainians see themselves to explain the roots of the 2014 crisis, “Russian Spring,” and failure of Russian President Vladimir Putin's Novorossiya project.     

Natural Resources and Small Island Economies: Mauritius and Trinidad and Tobago

Abstract

Historically, small economies, especially resource-rich ones, underperformed on average relative to their larger counterparts. Small island economies appear still more disadvantaged due to remoteness from both markets and agglomeration economies. Yet a comparison of two small island economies with similar initial conditions other than their mineral endowment suggests that policy outweighs size, isolation and resource endowment in determining economic performance. Resource-poor Mauritius adopted an unfashionable policy of export manufacturing that systematically eliminated surplus labour, which drove economic diversification that sustained rapid GDP growth and political maturation. Like most resource-rich economies, Trinidad and Tobago pursued policies that absorbed rent too rapidly, which impeded diversification and created an illusory prosperity vulnerable to collapse.     

Country size and economic growth and development

This paper attempts to provide limited empirical evidence on the nature of the relationship between country size and rates of economic growth and levels of economic development, and on the possible effects of trade concentration and dependence on trade on this relationship. It suggests that there is no discernible association between country size and economic development, nor between country size and economic growth, and that neither the dependence on trade of small countries nor their commodity and geographic export concentration are necessarily important factors in economic growth and economic development.     

Government and Corruption: Scylla and Charybdis

Using public sector employment and corruption perception data for 72 countries across the world, this article demonstrates that despite common notion countries with “smaller” governments do not tend to have lower corruption. Under general assumptions, one can demonstrate that there is an optimal size of public sector employment corresponding to the highest capital intensity. The model has several implications: lower optimal sizes of governments for labor intensive countries and higher sizes for capital intensive ones, possibility to reduce corruption paying a cost of suboptimal output, and a higher “price” of an oversized government for labor intensive countries.     

“两抢”犯罪的趋势与防控

根据最近16年的统计数据，我国“两抢”犯罪总体呈上升态势，且出现多方面的特点。当前，影响“两抢”犯罪变化趋势的因素主要有：社会管理机制完善的程度、社会成员之间收入的差距、“两抢”犯罪主体特点、社会成员的防范意识以及公安机关的防控机制等。预防“两抢”犯罪需要整个社会尤其是公安机关的共同努力。     

Earnings and ethnicity in Trinidad and Tobago

This study employs 1993 Continuous Sample Survey of the Population (CSSP) data for Trinidad and Tobago to investigate the determinants of earnings by ethnicity. The data, organised into three ethnic groupings, reveal lower levels of remuneration in the labour market for Africans and Indians than for individuals of other ethnicities taken as a whole. While the larger portion of the earnings differentials generally appears to be explained by ethnic differences in characteristics valued by the labour market, Africans and Indians would benefit substantially if they were to receive the same rates of remuneration for their educational endowments as workers of other ethnicities in the Trinidad and Tobago labour market. Notwithstanding Indians’ lowest average earnings, Africans appear more likely to be discriminated against.     

现代化与未成年人犯罪

未成人犯罪随着现代化的发展而发展，这可以说是一种国际现象。在现代化进程中，我国未成年人犯罪大量增多的原因在于：未成年人生理、心理发展不平衡，家庭教育存在缺失，学校教育存在不足，社会上存在着很多消极因素。在现代化进程中，必须采取有效对策，控制未成年人犯罪增多，才能保障未成年人健康成长。