劳动教养制度性质辨析

劳动教养的性质历来是学界争议很大的一个问题.目前,学界对此存在强制性行政措施说、行政处罚说、预防性司法处分说三种主要学说.劳动教养的性质问题是劳动教养制度的根本性问题,它不仅体现了现阶段人们对劳动教养制度的认识水平,而且决定了劳动教养制度未来的发展方向.从现阶段劳动教养制度的内容及社会需要的角度看,劳动教养是最严厉的剥夺人身自由的行政处罚措施.     

Seeing Canada Through the Referendum: Still a House Divided

On 26 October 1992, a majority of Canadians in a majority ofprovinces rejected the Charlottetown Accord in a national referendum.The accord capped the "Canada round" of constitutional negotiationsand attempted to satisfy Quebec, while also addressing otherpan-Canadian issues. The accord was defeated for different reasonsin different parts of the country. In Quebec, the "No" sideargued that the agreement did not meet their demands for greaterjurisdictionalautonomy within the federation. In the rest of Canada, the "No"side was particularly successful in demonstrating that the agreementdeviated from the principle of equality in the treatment ofindividuals and provinces. These critiques, inspired by differentvisions of the federation, lead in different directions. Inlight of these divisions, many commentators have suggested thatintergovernmental elites ought to abandon efforts of wholesaleconstitutional change. However, political developments in Quebecmay force these questions back onto the agenda.     

Municipal Expenditures Through Thick and Thin

This article examines changes in the revenue and expenditurepatterns of twelve major cities (six fiscally healthy; six fiscallydistressed) from fiscal years 1964 to 1979. The purpose of theexaminatin is to determine whether resource scarcity resultsin significantly different expenditure patterns, especiallyfor essential services (police, fire sanitation, and sewerage),social services (welfare, health, hospitals, and public housing),capital spending, and personal sevices (salaries). The resultsshow that changes inrevenue patterns are not significantly relatedto changes in expenditrue patterns, with the exception of capitalspending. The results support the theory that cutback budgetarystrategies are not significanely different from expansionarybudgetary strategies. Incrementalism (decrementalism) prevails.     

体验性教学实践与大学生人文素质教育

体验性教学是提高大学生人文素质教育的理想选择。体验性教学有利于激发大学生的学习兴趣,有利于凸显大学生的主体地位,有利于激活大学生的创新思维,有利于加强大学生的德育教育,有利于锻炼大学生的情感意志。体验性教学主要有五种类型：直观感受型、角色模拟型、动手操作型、师生置换型、社会调查型。这五种类型都能促使大学生的人文素质得以全面发展。     

以反腐倡廉建设推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同

反腐倡廉是中国特色社会主义理论体系的内在要求,推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同,不仅需要宣传普及中国特色社会主义理论体系,还要坚持反腐倡廉,纯洁党风政风,营造良好的政治生态环境。当前的腐败现象严重损害了人民利益,给反马克思主义思潮提供了生存空间,阻碍了中国特色社会主义的建设进程,直接危及中国特色社会主义理论体系的大众认同。必须以反腐倡廉切实维护人民群众的根本利益,为推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同创设重要条件;必须以反腐倡廉切实维护中国共产党的自身形象,为推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同提供根本保障;必须以反腐倡廉增强中国特色社会主义理论自信,为推进中国特色社会主义理论体系大众认同激发内生动力。     

期刊编目信息应与馆藏地信息一致

虽然CNMARC对于馆藏记录项并未做出明确规定,各图书馆可以根据自己的实际情况对其进行定义,但是从便于读者使用期刊的角度出发,在对期刊编目或者在维护期刊数据的过程中,690$a子字段应该和期刊的馆藏信息保持一致,这样才可以更加方便地让读者使用馆藏期刊。     

Managing Federalism Through Metropolitan Human Services Intergovernmental Bodies

This article examines the emerging role of metropolitan intergovernmentalhuman services bodies (IGBs). As a result of changes in federalismduring the past few decades, a growing number of metropolitanareas have found the need to replace their defunct health andwelfare planning councils with new metropolitan groups involvinglocal governments as well as private sector funders. These humanservices bodies, comprised of top level elected and appointeddecision-makers, conduct interjurisdictional planning and policymakingfocused on social problems and also perform other intergovernmentalroles. In dealing with social problems locally, they accessfederal and state programs, match them with local funds andservices, and thus manage federalism from a community perspective.This article focuses on nine of the twenty-five known IGBs.     

Realizing the Promise: Government Information Systems and the Fourth Generation of Information Technology

Interoperability is more than “digital plumbing”—making sure that computers talk so that bits of data flow properly. Fundamentally, interoperability is people talking and sharing information. Sharing information reduces the “paperwork burden”on the citizen, streamlines work processes, and enriches the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policy. Building on prior theory and research, this research has developed empirically derived, practical findings and recommendations to support thedevelopment of appropriate interoperable systems.     

Quantitative Leverage Through Qualitative Knowledge: Augmenting the Statistical Analysis of Complex Causes

Social scientific theories frequently posit that multiple causalmechanisms may produce the same outcome. Unfortunately, it isnot always possible to observe which mechanism was responsible.For example, IMF scholars conjecture that nations enter IMFagreements both out of economic need and for discretionary domesticpolitical reasons. Typically, though, all we observe is thefact of agreement, not its cause. Partial observability probitmodels (Poirier 1980, Journal of Econometrics 12:209–217; Braumoeller2003, Political Analysis 11:209–233) provide one methodfor the statistical analysis of such phenomena. Unfortunately,they are often plagued by identification and labeling difficulties.Sometimes, however, qualitative studies of particular casesenlighten us about causes when quantitative studies cannot.We propose exploiting this information to lend additional structureto the partial observability approach. Monte Carlo simulationreveals that by anchoring "discernible" causes for a handfulof cases about which we possess qualitative information, weobtain greater efficiency. More important, our method provesreliable at recovering unbiased parameter estimates when thepartial observability model fails. The paper concludes withan analysis of the determinants of IMF agreements.

A member shall be entitled to purchase the currencies of othermembers from the Fund ...[provided] the member represents thatit has a need to make the purchase because of its balance ofpayments or its reserve position or developments in its reserves. —InternationalMonetary Fund Articles of Agreement [IMF] negotiations sometimesenable government leaders to do what they privately wish todo, but are powerless to do domestically. —Robert Putnam(1988, p. 457)

     

习近平总书记关于网络强国重要思想研究

网络安全和信息化事业的发展意味着人类生产能力的增强,也意味着人类朝着全新的发展方向前进。在互联网迅猛发展的时代背景下,中国以网络大国的崭新姿态在国际社会上,以多种方式与别国开展对话交流,针对"全球性问题"提出"中国方案"。党的十八大以来,我国的互联网事业快速发展,网信事业取得显著成绩,但同时也存在很多问题。因此,加强对网络安全和信息化的研究,进一步促进网信事业发展,对切实维护国家网络主权、安全和发展利益,把我国建设成为网络强国具有重大意义。