试析法治建设中的公民参与

我国在国家层面推进法治建设有其合理性和必然性,但要真正建立起法治社会,公民的参与对社会法律信仰的建立和公民法治意识的形成是十分重要的.我国已经采取了一系列措施用来保障公民参与的机会和权利,但由于受现有制度设计、政治文化务件、公民主体意识等因素的制约,使公民参与法治建设缺少一定的广度和深度,需要我们在制度建设、人文环境优化以及公民主体意识的提升方面做出切实的努力.     

论法治推进道德建设的基本途径

本文立足于法律与道德关系理论的基础之上,从法治与道德建设的相互作用入手,深入研究了法治推进道德建设的基本途径。文中指出法治推进道德建设的基本途径主要在于法律运行的四个基本环节,即立法、执法、守法与司法。假设国家(政府)能够做到立法的公平、执法的正义、守法的道德使命与司法的道德保障,就能够实现法治对道德建设的推进。     

论民众参与公共环境决策

在民众成为推动我国环境保护的一股重要力量的形势下,研究、设计民众参与公共环境决策的法律制度成为目前必须考虑的问题。在这个前提下,本文对民众参与公共环境决策的前提和主题范围、民众参与公共环境决策的程序类型进行了探讨。     

法治国家、法治政府与法治社会一体建设的途径

法治国家、法治政府与法治社会一体建设的重要途径就是必须全面推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法.     

中国的法治进程与公众参与——以网民参与法律事件对法治建设的影响为例

中国走的是一条政府主导型的法治化发展道路,即在政府主导下强制性地完成社会制度变迁。在这一过程中,中国社会的法治发展条件也发生了根本性的变化。社会自身的发展、经济和社会生活的需要、公众的参与正在成为法治发展的动力。本文以时间为序,把中国的法治进程划分为初始起步阶段、加速发展阶段和平稳发展阶段,并以公众中极具代表性的网民群体作为分析范本,以当前网民参与法律事件为例,结合目前我国所处的法治阶段,分析了网民参与法律事件的性质和特征,以期进一步探讨中国法治进程和公众参与之间的互动意义。     

民众参与立法是法的正当性之基础

在立法领域中 ,广泛的民众参与不仅是立法民主化的集中体现 ,更是法律获得正当性的基本依据。我国立法领域中应增强立法的透明度、拓宽民众参与渠道、落实民众的参与权。这是我国法治进程中实现民主立法、提高立法质量和增强法律实效的根本途径。     

法治湖南建设的路径选择——从公民政治参与的角度

法治湖南建设是法治国家建设的逻辑演绎。以公民政治参与为逻辑起点,阐述公民政治参与对法治湖南的建设的价值,描述法治湖南建设过程中公民政治参与所取得的成绩及存在的困惑,从而提出法治湖南建设中提升公民政治参与的路径选择。     

当代中国法治进程中的公众参与

建设法治国家已经成为我国全体上下共同追求的目标,要加快法治进程,就必须让广大群众参与到国家的法治进程中来。本文通过阐述公众参与及其基本价值,试图指出法治国家与公众参与的密切关系,同时针对我国目前公众参与制度的实施现状,提出加快推进公众参与法治进程的几点建议。     

行政立法过程中的民众参与机制研究

从目前我国立法实践来看,行政立法活动由弱变强,由少到多,逐渐在立法数量上占据了主导地位,从而使得行政立法在我国的立法体系中扮演着十分重要的角色,起着重要的作用。然而关于行政立法的科学性、民主性、广泛性、有效性等方面仍然存在诸多争议。本文在论证行政立法中民众参与机制的必要性基础上,分析了我国行政立法过程中民众参与机制的运行现状及其存在的问题,最后提出了具有可行性的对策措施和意见建议,使得本文既具有一定的理论意义,也具有较高的实践参考价值和方法论意义。     

公民参与法律在法治进程中的意义

中国的法治进程不仅依靠政府自上而下力量的建构与推动,更重要的是通过社会主体即公民自下而上的积极参与法律而得以确立和维持的。法治秩序内在地要求保障公民的权利、追求自由与平等、弘扬法律至上的精神。而公民的法律参与作为一种内在驱动力,在推进这几个目标实现的过程中有着十分重要的意义。     

公共政策制定之法治变革——从北京出租车换型事件谈起

北京出租车换型事件所引起的思考不仅仅是行政上的,更是法律上的。制定公共政策尽管在传统上被认为属于行政管理学的范畴,其作为一种科学活动不应与法律发生联系。但是,法治化的进程不可避免的影响到这一行政管理的传统领地,公共政策制定的法治化是公共政策行为发展的大方向和新动力。     

习近平法治思想中的法治学学理

习近平法治思想是马克思主义法治理论中国化的最新成果,是内涵丰富、论述深刻、逻辑严密、体系完备、博大精深的法治思想.习近平法治思想引领中国法学研究从法律主题向法治主题转换,蕴含着系统化的法治学理论,开辟了法治学学科新领域.新时代的法学研究应当以习近平法治思想中的法治学学理为依据,加快推进形成科学完备的法治学学科体系,实现...     

农村法治化进程中的障碍性因素分析

实现农村法治化,是依法治国战略目标的重要组成部分。抓住了农村,也就抓住了依法治国的主要环节。因为,在我国农村占有最广大的地理区域,拥有最多的人口,农村是最基本生活资料的终极来源,农业在整个国民经济中具有基础地位。可以说,没有农村的法治化,就没有整个中国的法治化,依法治国就不可能取得成功。我们必须十分清醒地认识到,在我国实现农村法治化是一个漫长的历史过程,还存在着许多的障碍性因素,需要我们进一步的探讨。     

我国法治实践的若干法律问题

随着我国“建设社会主义法治国家”宏伟目标的明确提出,我国的法治进程得到不断推进。但是,“人治”观念的影响、民主政治的不健全、道德与法律在法治进程中同时并存、法律移植与本土化的矛盾、乡土社会实施法律的艰难以及法的实效的不理想却造成我国法治进程比较缓慢。因此,我国应加强“法治”观念,真正使民主制度法律化,正确处理道德与法律、法律移植与本土化之间的关系,促进国家法在乡土社会的实施,尽量通过提高立法技术等措施保证法功能、目的的实现,进而使我国的法治建设取得更大的成效。     

行政法视野下参与型公共行政模式的构建分析

本文从宪政与政府再造两个层面阐述了公民行政参与的价值,分析了传统体制下中国公民行政参与的匮乏,认为现阶段我国仍存在着有效的社会参与机制不足的现象,在此基础上探讨了参与型公共行政模式的构建问题,认为以人文主义为精神核心的现代行政法,可以为参与型公共行政模式的建立提供理论与制度支持。     

复调的法治：规则之治与法律家之治

我们应从简单的规则主义法治观转变为复调的法治观。复调的法治观,以规则主义法治观为主旋律,以 法律家之治作为必要的伴奏乐。恰当的法律家之治可以弥补规则主义法治观的局限与不足。     

The emergence of the rule of law in Russia

This paper challenges an empirical claim about the commercial courts (arbitrazhnye sudy) made by Kathryn Hendley and her co-authors in their paper “Law, Relationships and Private Enforcement: Transactional Strategies of Russian Enterprise” in Vol. 52, No. 4, Europe-Asia Studies in 2000. Basing their case on a quantitative survey of Russian firms, they conclude that economic actors in the 1990s relied on ‘the law and legal institutions’ because the commercial courts were relatively effective. In order to test this claim about the link between individual behaviour and the judiciary, I ask: What type of belief about corruption was held by Russian economic actors who trusted the commercial courts for conflict resolution at the end of the 1990s? The data set is drawn from a survey of 227 Russian firms made in 1997. I use self-reported data on economic actors’ preference for using or not using the commercial court (in case of a hypothetical conflict about a considerable amount of money) as a proxy for trust. A binary logistic regression model shows that economic actors who accepted corruption as a fact of life at the time of market entry were three times more likely to trust the commercial courts for conflict resolution than economic actors who rejected corruption. This finding contradicts any reasonable definition of the rule of law and suggests that the neo-liberal reformers should have paid more attention to the content – rather than merely to the speed – of reform.     

China’s rule of law in the globalization era

Globalization of the economy, public affairs, human rights, environmental issues and laws indicate the developing tendency of human beings and society, and this has a great influence on the third reform of Chinese law in many aspects. Upon its entrance into the WTO, China carried out a large-scale clarification and amendment of its laws and regulations, and incorporated itself into the global governance structure. This marks the beginning of the third legal reform in the country. This reform includes the reform of the political and legal system, restructuring of the legal system, and evolution of the real meaning of law. In the future development of Chinese law, the fundamental nature of modern, global and human civilization, and the legal profession will penetrate much more into the whole Chinese law and its operation.     

How Chinese enterprises live in freedom, competition under the rule of law

China has thoroughly amended its corporate law and hastens to formulate an anti-monopoly law. To rebound then deny the planned economy once adopted, China firmly practices marketization reform. However, common-recognized rules haven’t taken shape without sufficient gaming and, lots of quick introduced legislations are only superficial provisions. As the trend of corporate legal system in developed countries, freedom and responsibility are the two contraries but not contradictory directions during the recent reform of China’s corporate law. One is deregulation, e.g., introducing one-person company and the transition from approval system to registration system for the establishment of a company; while the other is adding various provisions of responsibility and liability to the Company Law for controlling shareholders, actual controllers, directors, supervisors and top managers. The Anti-Unfair Competition Law of China not only prescribes unfair competition but also counters monopoly. In general, it mainly focuses on anti-monopoly provisions, to popularize the concept and value of free market, making systematic regulations on any kinds of monopoly. This article reviews its background, process, meaning as well as the problems encountered. As there remains somewhat a mystery that China rapidly develops, it may also reflect a fringe of the reason. Prepared for presentation at the Global Fellows Forum, the Hauser Global Law School Program, New York University School of Law, 25 October 2006. The author is a global research fellow of the Hauser Global Law School Program, NYU School of Law. He is grateful to Jerome Cohen, Eleanor Fox and William Allen for most helpful comments, to J. H. H. Weiler for aborative presiding, and to Hua Xiao, Justin Fong, Alex Wang and Han Han for English language assistance.     

紧急状态与行政法治

Emergent administrative power is a necessary power for dealing with emergent situation. Although different emergent administrative powers under different constitutional systems are different in content, they share the same logic structure. The establishment and the execution of the emergent administrative power shall be subject to the regulation of law. The regulation of emergent administrative power requires for the adoption of various measures with attention to the balance of values. Translated from Faxue Yanjiu 法学研究 (Case Journal of Law), 2004, (2): 3–16.