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1.
Using multi-staged methods developed in this research for coding/analysis of interview data, this article portrays women’s
reported experiences of participation, performance, and advancement in academic science and engineering in a major technological
institution. The methods and findings have implications for understanding the complexity underlying women’s participation
and performance, and for practices and policies to support advancement of women faculty, particularly those in research universities. 相似文献
2.
In International feminist perspectives in criminology, Rafter and Heidensohn in International feminist perspectives in criminology: Engendering a discipline. Open University Press,
Buckingham, (1995: 4) contended that current mainstream criminology was the most masculine of all social sciences. A look at arguments about
penal development confronts us with the fact that most historical studies are not gender-specific. Whether female offenders
were victimized or acted as their own agents in the penal institutions can be determined with reference to two considerations:
first, women prisoners have persistently been treated differently from their male contemporaries; second, female offenders
have typically been burdened with formal penalties and informal gender disciplines as punishments for their wrongdoings. The
relationship between women and the state provides some clues regarding how penal institutions, which are authorized to act
for the state in imposing penalties, treat female offenders and why women’s imprisonment has taken the forms that are evident
historically. This study traces the unique political and social conditions of Taiwan’s history to determine what reformations
penal institutions have sought to enforce upon female prisoners and which body-types of female inmates have been ‘docile’,
‘obedient’, and ‘useful’ to the state. From the establishment of women’s care homes and the practice of separating the genders
in penal institutions, to the implementation of independent women’s prisons, the state in Taiwan has played a dominant role
in penal reforms in various historical contexts. This investigation aims to provide a critical and unique perspective of the
penalization of women. 相似文献
3.
4.
Drawing on Connell’s (Gender and power: Society, the person and sexual politics. California: Stanford University Press, 1987; Masculinities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995) model of gender relations, this paper examines patterns of intimate partner violence among women who have recently left
an abusive partner. In so doing, we attempt to better understand the social structural factors that shape the relations of
power and control in intimate violent heterosexual unions. The data come from the first wave of a longitudinal prospective
survey of 309 women who had left an abusive partner in the previous 3 years. Our data suggest that structured relations of
inequality, namely relations of production, power and cathexis, shape women’s risk of abuse and harassment after leaving,
and do so in ways that shape relations of coercive control. These results have implications for understanding the social context
within which male violence against women occurs, and how this context constrains and/or enables women’s strategies for leaving
and safety.
This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) New Emerging Team Grant #106054 and Institute
of Gender and Health Operating Grant #15156 (Marilyn Ford-Gilboe, Principal Investigator). The authors thank the participants
in the Women’s Health Effects Study. We also thank Julie McMullin, Kim Shuey, and the Health Effects research team for their
helpful feedback. 相似文献
5.
Research investigating women’s risk assessments for intimate partner violence (IPV) shows that women can predict future violence
with relative accuracy. Limited research has investigated factors that are associated with perceived risk and the potential
behavioral consequences of victim risk perception. Results from a survey of women in a domestic violence shelter (N = 56) indicated that women perceive lower risk of future violence if the abusive relationship were to end and higher risk
of violence if it were to continue. Certain abuse experiences were related to elevated perceptions of personal risk for future
violence. Further, perceived personal risk predicted the women’s intention to terminate their relationship upon leaving shelter.
Results are discussed as they may inform interventions preventing IPV.
相似文献
Marie Helweg-LarsenEmail: |
6.
This study sought to examine the effects of husband’s control and frequency of spousal discussion on domestic violence against
Cambodian married women, using the 2005 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey data. The sample included 1,707 married women,
aged 16–49 (M = 35.14). Structural Equation Modeling showed that husband’s control positively predicted both emotional and physical violence.
Frequency of spousal discussion positively predicted emotional violence, an association consistent with the idea that a husband
holding patriarchal beliefs would interpret women’s more frequent discussion as a violation of Cambodian norms for quiet,
submissive wives. Frequency of spousal discussion and husband’s control were positively correlated. The role of gender issues
in husband’s control and frequency of spousal discussion are discussed with respect to violence in the lives of Cambodian
women. 相似文献
7.
Using data obtained from women’s shelter residents, male and female students, and male prisoners, this study investigated
the association between non-violent controlling behaviors, physical aggression, and violence towards a spouse (N = 264). It was predicted that only men and women involved in intimate terrorism (Johnson, Violence Against Women, 11(12):1003–1018, 2006) would use controlling aggression, and that physical aggression used by those involved in situational couple violence would
be unrelated to controlling behavior. Contrary to predictions derived from Johnson’s theory, regression analysis showed that
control accounted significant proportions of the variance in the use of physical aggression for all three relationship categories.
Some support was provided, however, as it was found that the pattern of both interrelationships of the five types of controlling
behaviors, and control and physical aggression, supported Johnson’s distinction. 相似文献
8.
The study focused on differences between women who left shelters for battered women and returned to their partners, versus
those who stayed in the shelter for over 3 months. The study was conducted in battered women’s shelters in Israel, and examined
the contribution of women’s internal resources (self-esteem and empowerment) to their life satisfaction, as well as the contribution
of integration (participation and commitment) in the shelter at the time of their arrival to their satisfaction with their
life. Findings indicate that, among the group of women who stayed in the shelter, personal resources as well as participation
and commitment contributed to their life satisfaction. Among the group of women who left the shelter, only commitment contributed
to life satisfaction. 相似文献
9.
Constructing Women Who Experience Male Violence: Criminal Legal Discourse and Individual Experiences
Helen Baker 《Liverpool Law Review》2008,29(2):123-142
This article examines the relationship between how women who experience violence from a male partner construct themselves,
and how criminal legal discourse constructs female victims of violence. It is argued that in both arenas, women are constructed
according to norms which emanate from a discourse of conventional femininity which operates together with a practice of shame.
Utilising empirical data gained from qualitative interviews with women who experienced male violence, the article contends
that the construction of the female victim of violence in criminal legal discourses as imbued with stereotypical ‘feminine’
characteristics such as passivity and weakness, may influence these women’s own construction and understanding of themselves.
The existence of a practice of shame further consolidates the self-regulation of the women themselves to these norms of femininity.
This construction is posited to be problematic as the experiences of women of male violence rarely ‘fit’ within these explanations.
The article contends that in order to better understand women’s experiences of male violence; both criminal legal and individual
women’s discourses need to be read in terms of the power, knowledge and effects which they exert upon individual women. It
is argued that this alternative reading of these discourses has the potential for transformation as they are invested in the
subject.
相似文献
Helen BakerEmail: |
10.
This paper uses a unique data set constructed from two sets of administrative records to examine the relationship between
incarceration and employment rates for former female state prisoners from Illinois. Our analysis indicates that although prison
is associated with declining employment rates during the quarters leading up to women’s incarcerations, it does not appear
to harm their employment prospects later on. In the short-term, we estimate that women’s post-prison employment rates are
about 4 percentage points above expected levels. However, these employment gains do not persist and gradually fall back to
pre-prison levels. These results indicate that time out of the work force is not a cost associated with incarcerating women.
相似文献
Rosa M. ChoEmail: |
11.
This study explores how women’s functional limitations resulting from domestic violence lead to police involvement. Examining
functionality is a broader approach to exploring domestic violence outcomes than looking at injuries or impairments, and in
this study we look at the social participation aspects of social functioning. One hundred eleven battered women in four metropolitan
cities in the U.S. participated in anonymous telephone surveys. Approximately 80% of the battered women in the sample were
involved with the police due to their experiences of domestic violence. Women’s functionality was significantly associated
with battered women’s police involvement after controlling for socio-demographic and violence-related covariates. The current
study identifies one aspect of women’s functioning–social participation–as a critical predictor of their seeking of help from
the police, and suggests implications for practice, including the need for police and domestic violence agencies to have awareness
of the concept of functional limitations within a broader context of understanding disability. 相似文献
12.
Jeannine A. Gailey 《Critical Criminology》2009,17(2):93-108
The media have been focusing on websites that are “pro-anorexic” to illustrate the pervasiveness of eating disorders in the
US. This study focuses on the narratives of women who participate in “pro-ana” sites using Lyng’s (Am J Sociol 95:851–886,
1990) concept of edgework. Results indicate that women struggle with feelings of loss of control and through various skills are
able to resume control. These data point to the intense emotive reactions fasting elicits, reactions which both reinforce
and provide motivation to remain in the subculture. Findings contribute to the literature by focusing on women’s edgework
and demonstrating the similarities between men and women edgeworkers. 相似文献
13.
Wen-Hsu Lin 《Asian Journal of Criminology》2012,7(1):37-54
Agnew’s general strain theory (GST) [Agnew R (2001) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 38:319–361; Agnew R (2006a) Pressured Into Crime: An Overview of General Strain Theory. LA:Roxbury] has been the focus of considerable academic attention and has become an important criminological theory [Cullen
et al. (2006) Taking Stock: The Status ofCriminological Theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction]. However, most previous empirical studies have employed Western samples (e.g., US sample)
to test this theory, which hinders the generalizability of GST. Although some studies have used Eastern samples to evaluate
GST, these studies are only cross-sectional, which makes drawing any causal relationship problematic, and a cross-sectional
study cannot uncover the more dynamic relationship between strain, negative emotion, and delinquency. Furthermore, depression
has become epidemic around the world [World Health Organization 2001, ) and many previous studies that test GST focus only on anger. This makes depression a crucial element in testing GST. The
present study uses longitudinal data (Taiwan Youth Project) and a latent growth model (LGM) to investigate strain, depression,
and delinquent acts among adolescents (12–15 years old). The results generally support GST propositions: both strain and depression
increase delinquency, and depression mediates the strain–delinquency relationship. Some cultural-specific influences were
also discovered. 相似文献
14.
Maria Drakopoulou 《Law and Critique》2007,18(3):331-360
Feminists have so often declared and celebrated the fecundity of the relationship between feminism and legal reform that critique
of legal doctrine and norms, together with proposals for their reconstruction, have become the hallmarks of the modern feminist
engagement with law. Yet today the long-cherished ‘truth’ about law’s potentially beneficial impact on women’s lives has started
to fade and the quest for legal change has become fraught with problems. In responding to the aporetic state in which feminist legal scholarship now finds itself, this paper offers a recounting of the relationship between feminism
and the politics of legal reform. However, in so doing, it seeks neither to support nor to oppose these politics. Instead,
it explores the historical contingencies that made this discourse possible. Utilizing Foucault’s concept of episteme, it demarcates the nineteenth century as the historical moment in which this discourse arose, and tracing the epistemic shifts underpinning the production of knowledge, locates its positivities at the interface of the time’s episteme and the discourse of transcendental subjectivity that it engendered.
相似文献
Maria DrakopoulouEmail: |
15.
Diana Bilimoria Susan R. Perry Xiangfen Liang Eleanor Palo Stoller Patricia Higgins Cyrus Taylor 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2006,31(3):355-365
In this study we examine how a sample of 248 male and female professors at a Midwestern private research university construct
their academic job satisfaction. Our findings indicate that both women and men perceive that their job satisfaction is influenced
by the institutional leadership and mentoring they receive, but only as mediated by the two key academic processes of access
to internal academic resources (including research-supportive workloads) and internal relational supports from a collegial
and inclusive immediate work environment. Gender differences emerged in the strengths of the perceived paths leading to satisfaction:
women’s job satisfaction derived more from their perceptions of the internal relational supports than the academic resources
they received, whereas men’s job satisfaction resulted equally from their perceptions of internal academic resources and internal
relational supports received. Implications for leadership and institutional practices are drawn from the findings. 相似文献
16.
Karen Heimer Kecia R. Johnson Joseph B. Lang Andres F. Rengifo Don Stemen 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2012,28(2):219-244
Female imprisonment rates have increased proportionately more than male imprisonment rates over recent decades. There are
substantial race differences in women’s rates, as is the case for men. Yet, there has been little quantitative research on
the correlates of women’s imprisonment using data over time, or on potential race differences in those correlates. The present
research analyzes data on black and nonblack female imprisonment rates in the 50 states for the period 1981–2003. The analyses
are guided substantively by existing research on race, social threat and criminal punishment, and theory and research on the
penal-welfare hypothesis. The study uses bivariate-response multilevel modeling to simultaneously examine the factors associated
with black and nonblack women’s imprisonment rates. The results show that black female imprisonment rates increase when the
concentration of African Americans in metropolitan areas and poverty rates grow, whereas nonblack female imprisonment rates
are unaffected by poverty rates and actually decrease when African American populations become more concentrated in metro
areas. Both black and nonblack women’s imprisonment rates increase when welfare spending declines. The results are consistent
with social threat perspectives and the penal-welfare hypotheses. 相似文献
17.
The aim of this study is to investigate the factors associated with the acceptance of wife beating among currently married
men and women living in disadvantaged Palestinian refugee camps in Jordan. The study uses data from a cross-sectional survey
of 3,100 households from 12 refugee camps, conducted in 1999, with a sub-sample of 395 married women and men selected for
this analysis. Associations between acceptance of wife beating and experience of abuse as well as other risk factors are assessed
for men and women separately, using χ
2 tests and odds ratios from binary logistic regression models. The majority of men (60.1%) and women (61.8%) believe that
wife beating is justified in at least one of the eight hypothetical marital situations presented to them. Among women, those
that had been victims of intimate partner violence are significantly more likely to report acceptance of wife beating. Among
men, acceptance of wife beating is also significantly associated with their current age, labor force participation, their
view on women’s autonomy, and their own history as perpetrators of IPV. The majority of respondents justify wife beating in
this context, with essentially no difference between men and women. Acceptance of wife beating by both men and women was strongly
associated with previous experiences of wife beating adjusting for other risk factors. 相似文献
18.
Pamela C. Alexander 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(4):255-261
This study examined the long-term effects of childhood maltreatment, intimate partner violence (IPV) and work interference
on women’s employment in a sample of 135 housed or homeless women. Work interference (defined as a partner’s interference
with or restraint of a woman’s working) was reported by 60% of women who had experienced IPV and was more common among non-Hispanic
White women. Abuse history of any type was not predictive of women’s employment or receiving job training, but child sexual
abuse history and lifetime IPV were predictive of non-Hispanic White women’s not looking for a job. Receiving job training
was negatively correlated with women’s current mental health. The study suggests different but overlapping pathways to the
outcome of underemployment for racial/ethnic minority and majority women—namely, macro level factors and individual vulnerability
factors, respectively. The need for trauma-informed services for unemployed and/or homeless women is highlighted. 相似文献
19.
Daniel Raveh 《Journal of Indian Philosophy》2008,36(2):319-333
The article offers a close reading of the famous upanişadic story of Indra, Virocana and Prajāpati from the eighth chapter
of the Chāndogya-Upanişad versus Śankara’s bhāşya, with special reference to the notions of suşupti and turīya. That Śankara is not always loyal to the Upanişadic texts is a well-known fact. That the Upanişads are (too) often read
through Śan-kara’s Advaitic eyes is also known. The following lines will not merely illustrate the gap between text and commentary
but will also reveal an unexpected Upanişadic depiction of ‘dreamless sleep’ and ‘transcendental consciousness’. Suşupti is described here as ‘one step too far’, as a ‘break’ or discontinuity in one’s consciousness; whereas turīya is depicted positively, and surprisingly even in wordly terms. Unlike the third state of consciousness in which there is
no ‘world’ nor ‘me’, and which is described through Indra’s character as ‘total destruction’ (vināśa); in turīya, the world ‘comes back’, or rather the ‘renouncer’ returns to the world. Sankara’s position, as far as the story under discussion
is concerned, is radically different. For him, the Upanişadic story illustrates the continuity of consciousness in all its states. For him, the identification with merely one of the consciousness-states
is an error (adhyāsa) which causes suffering. Consciousness prevails even in suşupti, and turīya has nothing to do with ‘coming back to the world’, since there is nowhere to come back from or to. Turīya, as seen by the Advaitin, consists of all the other states of consciousness together, or as K. C. Bhattacharyya puts it,
‘It is not only a stage among stages; it is the truth of the other stages’.
The article is dedicated to Prof. Daya Krishna (1924-2007). 相似文献
20.
夏吟兰 《Frontiers of Law in China》2009,4(2):280-292
The Regulations on Marriage Registration promulgated in 2003 advocates the ideas for autonomy of private law, such as “autonomy
of individual will”, “self responsibility” and “self-determination right”, ushering a new era of Chinese divorce registration
system from supervision by employed institution to self responsibility, however, such issues also result in excessive freedom
and insufficient restriction. In setting up the divorce registration system, therefore, it shall also be considered for the
protection of disadvantaged parties and minor children so as to ensure the fairness and justice of law and the harmony and
stability of society.
Xia Yinlan, LL.D, is a professor and doctoral tutor and the dean of the School of International Studies in China University
of Political Science and Law. She is also the vice chairman of Beijing Women’s Federation, the member of the executive committee
of China Women’s Federation, the director of Marriage and Family Legal Research Institution under the supervision of China
Law Society, the vice director of China Association of Marriage and Family Studies, the standing director of the International
Family Law Society, the vice director of Beijing Women’s Law Research Institution. Her major academic interest covers women’s
human rights, heritage law and family law. She was once a Fulbright visiting scholar in the United States and a legal expert
in Macau Legal Affair Bureau. She’s one of the experts in drafting the P.R.C. Law on the Protection Of Women’s Rights (revised),
the Marriage Law of P.R.C. (revised) and the Regulation of Marriage Registration of P.R.C., and she is still active in participating
in the legislation activities of China. Prof. Xia wrote or co-wrote more than 20 monographs and textbooks, including American
Modern Family and Marriage System, the Freedom and Restriction of Divorce, the Basic Framework Research on Domestic Violence
Law, etc. In Chinese and foreign academic journals, more than 60 articles have been released, such as the study on property
segmentation in divorce in China, the study on family violence under the framework of women’s rights, the comparison on the
factual marriage in Macau and the Mainland of China. 相似文献