美国监狱刑罚执行文化的透视与思考

考察美国监狱刑罚执行文化,透视其与司法文化、社会文化、人文文化的关联性,思考我国推进和创新监狱刑罚执行文化的价值取向,得出的有益启示是:拓展刑罚执行方式的社会性,重视刑罚执行本质的惩罚性、实现刑罚执行体制的统一性.     

Prison Conditions, Capital Punishment, and Deterrence

Previous research has attempted to identify a deterrent effectof capital punishment. We argue that the quality of life inprison is likely to have a greater impact on criminal behaviorthan the death penalty. Using state-level panel data coveringthe period 1950–90, we demonstrate that the death rateamong prisoners (the best available proxy for prison conditions)is negatively correlated with crime rates, consistent with deterrence.This finding is shown to be quite robust. In contrast, thereis little systematic evidence that the execution rate influencescrime rates in this time period.     

Language, Culture, and Behavior in Prison: The Israeli Case

The current study describes the everyday life of Israeli prisoners and analyzes the actions they perform and the language they use as a reflection of their constraints, distresses, worldviews, beliefs, and attitudes. Data were subjected to a content analysis, and the salience of the values, norms and argot terms were assessed using two measures, attention and intensity. The inmates’ values and norms and the argot expressions were divided into categories with reference to different aspects of prison experience: prisoners’ adherence to the code, inmates’ interpersonal loyalty, sexual behavior in prison, drugs, violence and miscellaneous.

监狱刑罚执行性质的多维度思索

监狱刑罚执行的性质可以从多个维度进行分析.从权力性质上分析,监狱刑罚执行权应是行政权而不是司法权;从法律关系角度分析,监狱刑罚执行法律关系应是刑事法律关系而不是行政法律关系;从行为性质分析,监狱刑罚执行行为既是执行行为,又是管理行为;从行为的可诉性角度分析,监狱刑罚执行行为是一种可诉行为.     

Sentencing Juvenile Offenders to Life in Prison: The Political Sociology of Juvenile Punishment

Sentencing juvenile offenders to life in prison is the most severe criminal penalty available, yet we know little about the factors that produce jurisdictional differences in the use of such sanctions. Political explanations emphasize conservative values and the strength of more conservative political parties. Threat accounts suggest that this sentence will be more likely in jurisdictions with larger minority populations. After controlling for many explanations using count models, the results show that larger numbers of juvenile life sentences are handed out in more politically conservative states with a stronger Republican Party. Findings also show that racial politics is a factor in juvenile life sentences. Those jurisdictions that have the most blacks and have judicial elections sentence the most juveniles to life terms. By highlighting the explanatory power of public ideologies, these findings support political explanations for the harshest criminal punishment directed towards juveniles.     

监狱惩罚机能与改造机能的冲突与融合

我国传统刑罚执行理论中关于对惩罚与改造关系的认识存在着理论缺陷,监狱惩罚作为手段违背了行刑本质机能与次生机能的逻辑关系,并会造成刑罚目的的异化.惩罚机能和改造机能存在着本来的冲突,惩罚机能强调共性,改造机能强调个性,两者在制度的支撑上也存在着冲突.但在现代社会条件下,惩罚机能与改造机能又可以高度融合,因为两者在目标与生成社会性基础上具有统一性.惩罚与改造的最终目标都在于使罪犯顺利重返社会,惩罚的内化需求和改造的外化动力为当代监狱的社会功能需求奠定了深刻的社会性生成基础.     

恢复性监狱的价值理念与实践思路

一、恢复性监狱的兴起 将恢复性司法的基本原则与方法程序应用于监狱实践、进而将监狱建设成为一种恢复性监狱（Restorative Prison），是近些年来国内外矫正界兴起的一种有益尝试和新理念。从字面上看，恢复性监狱一词由恢复性司法（RestorativeJus．tice）和监狱（Prison）两个词语合并而成，意指致力于应用恢复性司法原则与程序的监狱。     

Punishment within Prison: An Examination of the Influences of Prison Officials’ Decisions to Remove Sentencing Credits

Despite considerable research directed toward understanding the factors that affect punishment decision‐making leading to imprisonment, few studies have examined the influences of punishment decisions within prisons. Punishment decisions made within prisons can affect an individual's liberty during their imprisonment and/or the timing of their release from prison if the punishment results in the loss of sentencing credits or influences parole decision‐making. Moreover, if punishment disparities result from these decisions, then some offender groups may endure a greater loss of liberty relative to others. In this study, we examine the factors that influence prison officials’ decisions to remove sentencing credits in response to prison rule violations. Analysis of collected data from a Midwestern state prison system reveal that prison officials are primarily influenced by the seriousness and type of the rule violation, along with an inmate's violation history. Other relevant factors include those proximately connected to an inmate's risk of subsequent misbehavior such as gang membership and those that are linked to practical consequences and constraints associated with the organizational environment and particular inmates such as the proportion of their sentence an inmate has served and whether an inmate has mental health problems.     

监狱工作与构建和谐社会

2005年4月19日至22日,来自13个国家的嘉宾,香港、澳门,台湾地区的专家学者,以及27个省(区市)的代表共聚美丽的青岛,参加由中国监狱学会和香港善导会、山东省监狱管理局联合举办的“监狱与社会”国际研讨会。“监狱与社会”是当今各国法律工作者认真思考和积极探索的重要课题,与会代表通过大会发言和提交的论文从理论与实践上提出了有价值的观点。话题一——监狱工作与构建和谐社会中国监狱学会会长金鉴在发言中认为:中国监狱在构建和谐社会中具有重要的地位和作用。监狱是国家机器的重要组成部分,是社会生活不可缺少的一个方面。做好监狱和…     

监狱文化：一个概念 三种理解

上世纪八十年代以来,随着监狱文化实践的出现,学界开始对监狱文化问题展开理论探讨。历经30余年的发展,监狱文化论题已经成为中国特色监狱理论的重要组成部分。然而,理论界对监狱文化概念的理解并不完全一致,学者从不同视角和立场出发对监狱文化作出了不尽相同的解读，理解上的分歧不利于对监狱文化问题进行自觉探索和深入研究。因此，本文试图对监狱文化理解上的分歧做一个梳理，