女性杀人案件法医学分析

随着经济、社会的发展、人口的大范围流动，女性的活动范围也越来越宽广，女性杀人案时有发生，并呈上升趋势。作者通过对近10年的命案回顾，对15起女性杀人案的基本情况、杀人原因、致死方式等进行分析研究，并对其特点进行粗略的探讨。     

上海地区354例女性被杀案例的法医学分析

本文收集上海市2006~2009年354例女性他杀案件,从案发时间、被害人年龄、发案原因以及作案手段等方面,分析上海市女性他杀案件特点,为女性他杀的预防以及案件侦破提供帮助。     

自行车运行方式法医学分析1例

<正>1案例资料1.1简要案情2016年03月24日19时35分,陈某驾驶机动车(简称甲车)与谭某及其自行车(简称乙车)碰撞,造成谭某当场死亡。为明确事故双方责任,现对谭某的交通方式(骑或推)进行鉴定。     

女性参与杀人案件的法医学分析

在凶杀案件中,尤其是采用暴力致被害人死亡的案件中很少碰到女性直接参与杀人,但随着社会发展,女性暴力犯罪呈逐年上升趋势,女性直接参与暴力杀人的案件也日渐增多。考虑到女性本身的性别、身体等方面的原因,往往在案件分析中需要推断是否符合女性作案、是否有他人共同作案等,     

交通事故肇事车数量法医学分析1例

正1案例资料简要案情某日凌晨2时许,韩某(女,50岁)被发现死于某市区南北走向的道路东侧靠近中心线的机动车道。左侧卧位,头北足南。头部地面及其南15米各有1处血泊,其间有连续的拖擦血痕,尸体南20米处有破碎的轿车左侧后视镜残片。衣着检验短袖上衣腹侧可见1处轮胎印痕,背侧大面积方向向下的拖擦破口。裤子臀部可见大面积方向向下的拖擦破口。尸表检验枕部1处条状创口,创缘不整齐,     

火场尸体法医学鉴定分析1例

1案件资料1.1简要案情7月某日凌晨1时许,某居民楼起火,清理火场时发现1具尸体。死者男,35岁,离异独居。现场为2室1厅钢筋混凝土结构,卧室被烧最重,除部分金属物件外,其余皆已烧毁。尸体位于卧室内一烧毁的弹簧床垫上,呈俯卧位,头面部垫有一枕头残片。1.2尸体检验尸表检验全身大部分体表皮肤烧焦炭化,仅右面部、胸腹部、右上肢前侧及外生殖器尚存有皮肤,残存皮肤周围可见充血水肿。头发烧焦缺失,左颞部头皮部分缺失、颞肌外露,其余部位头皮完整、未见明显破损。颜面部皮肤大部分炭化,双眼睑紧闭,右侧上眼睑肿胀,口腔、鼻腔有血样液体溢出,口…     

9例脑干损伤致死的法医学剖析

自1992年姚青松报告“原发性单纯性脑干损伤”[1]以来,国内陆续有相关报导,认为脑干损伤有出血、局部水肿和胶质细胞增多等病理变化,但均是非特异性变化。2004年宋一璇等[2]通过对171例原发性脑干损伤案例的观察、并与50例死于脑外疾病者的脑干改变比较后,提出了脑干挫伤的诊断要点。但如何应用于日常的检案工作,尚待研究,本文对此进行了一些探讨。1材料与方法1.1材料以脑干挫伤的诊断要点[2]为基准,从2000~2005年广东省公安厅刑事侦查局法医科的档案资料中选出符合“脑干挫伤”者共9例。其中男性7例,女性2例;年龄17~47岁,平均31岁;8例均有…     

高坠致颅脑损伤死亡法医学分析1例

<正>1案例资料1.1简要案情死者郑某,男,55岁。某日11时许,被发现其屋门开启,屋内地面有大量血迹,卧室内有明显翻动痕迹。死者头部有伤,卧于自家床上,怀疑被杀。1.2现场勘验郑某家中间的木梯旁地面有155cm×153cm范围血泊,血泊中见倒置的长木凳,血泊中有明显的擦拭痕迹。东西两侧卧室门口至床边地面上均有成趟滴落状血迹及血足印,东侧卧室木箱及西侧卧室床上被褥均有翻动痕迹。郑某仰卧死于东侧卧室床     

口含雷管爆炸自杀被误判为他杀法医学分析1例

正1案例资料1.1简要案情及现场勘察2015年7月某日,我市农村一名独居老人死在家中。死者家人认为是意外跌倒摔死,清理现场并为其换好终老寿服。后来觉得可疑而报案。尸体停放在厨房内冰棺中。现场位于东卧室,东墙边有一木柜,木柜南侧壁距离地面30~50cm范围内散在分布少量喷溅血迹。木柜南侧地面上覆盖大量用来掩盖血迹的泥土,在泥土中发现导火索和打火机。北侧地面上散在分布多枚折断的牙齿和染有血迹的铁锤一把。门窗完好。现场未见翻动、打斗迹象。屋内财物无丢失。     

口腔内爆炸死亡法医学鉴定1例

<正>1案例1.1简要案情佟某,男,73岁,丧偶,某日被发现在自家院落的厕所内死亡,面部有巨大损伤,地面有大量血迹。公安到达现场后发现死者面部有多处缝合口,家属解释“佟某死后曾被野狗啃咬,后委托本村村医进行美容缝合”。经询问村医,证实有死后整容行为,但死者面部损伤不符合犬类啃咬的特点。为查明案件性质,公安机关遂进行现场勘验及尸体检验。     

97例杀人后自杀案件法医学特点分析

目的分析97例杀人后自杀案件特点,为同类案件的法医现场勘验及法医学鉴定提供参考和借鉴。方法收集上海市公安局物证鉴定中心参与鉴定的97例杀人后自杀案件,共死亡207人,其中加害人98名,被害人109名。对加害人、被害人双方的性别、年龄、关系及案发场所、死亡方式等方面的资料进行分析。结果上海地区杀人后自杀案件涉及的死者多为18~59岁青壮年,相互之间多熟识,起因多为家庭矛盾及感情纠纷;被害人女性为主,加害人男性居多;案发场所多为同一室内环境或相邻室内外;杀人多选择机械性暴力手段,而自杀则多采用自缢和高坠。结论上述关于此类案件的特点有助于法医在鉴定过程中对杀人后自杀案件做出快速、准确地判断。     

常州市武进区5年94例已破命案的回顾性研究

目的本课题收集真实案例进行回顾性研究、比对,寻找常州市武进区命案特征,总结命案现场的法医学检案重点、难点和相关实践经验。方法收集江苏省常州市武进区2006～2010年94例已破命案资料,应用Microsoft Excel软件进行一般描述性统计分析。结果 2009年、2010年案件数量略有上升,而每年的第一、三季度为命案高发季度。受害人及嫌疑人多为流动人口,男性显著多于女性,以青壮年为主。嫌疑人均学历较低,多从事打工、务农,或无业,多由纠纷升级为命案。以锐器伤及钝器伤多见,死因基本为机械性损伤和机械性窒息。结论命案发生与人口数量呈正相关。受害人及犯罪嫌疑人基本情况、作案动机、致伤工具、损伤分布、死因等均反映出了命案现场法医工作的基本内容、工作重要性及未来的研究发展方向。     

105例凶杀案责任能力评定分析

目的探讨鉴定医生评定凶杀案例责任能力时的主要依据及影响因素。方法对总计105例凶杀案的精神病司法鉴定案例进行回顾性分析。结果无责任能力者41例(39.0%);限定责任能力者28例(26.7%);完全责任能力者36例(34.3%);与刑事责任能力的评定密切相关的因素有:凶杀行为是否由精神病理因素引起(Gamma=0.906,P=0.000),临床诊断是否为重性精神病(Gamma=0.761,P=0.000),被害人是否为家人亲属(Gamma=0.412,P=0.000)。结论从技术层面看,鉴定医生评价责任能力考虑的三个主要方面按重要性依次是:凶杀行为是否由精神病理因素引起,被鉴定人是否患有重性精神病,被害对象是否为家人亲属。     

147例凶杀案的法医学分析

通过对上海地区中147例凶杀案尸检的分析,从案件情况、现场勘察及尸体检验等方面进行归纳,总结了此类案件的共同特点,以期为凶杀命案的检验、侦破提供参考。     

Association between homicide injury severity and benzodiazepine influence

There are case reports of offenders inflicting excessive injuries on their victims when under the influence of benzodiazepines. However, the potential association between benzodiazepine influence on the offender and victim injury severity in a general homicide population has not been studied. We investigated associations between offender positive testing for benzodiazepines or z-drugs (zolpidem, zopiclone and zaleplon) and victim injury severity. Data were drawn from 95 Swedish homicide cases from 2007–2009 in which offenders had known toxicology. There were no significant differences in injury severity between cases in which the offender tested positive vs. negative for benzodiazepines/z-drugs. Thus, the findings do not support the hypothesis that there is an association between benzodiazepine influence on the offender and victim injury severity in a general homicide population.

Key points

• Some previous studies have linked benzodiazepines to aggression, violence and excessive homicide injuries.
• The present study analysed the association between homicide injury severity and benzodiazepine status of the offender.
• Offenders who tested positive for benzodiazepines did not inflict more severe injuries on their victims.
• These findings do not support the hypothesis that benzodiazepine influence generally causes offenders to inflict more severe injuries on homicide victims.

     

23例杀亲案件的法医学分析

目的通过对某县杀亲案件的现场情况、损伤情况以及人员基本情况进行分析,为杀亲案件的法医学分析提供参考。方法收集2004—2013年23例杀亲案件的资料,从涉案人员基本情况、死者与嫌疑人之间的关系、死亡原因、作案动机、作案地点、作案时间、作案工具及作案后行为等方面进行分析。结果23例杀亲案件中,以夫妻关系为主,主要为激情杀人,作案工具多为就地取材,作案地点多选择在住所,作案时间以夜晚为主。结论杀亲案件的分析应依据现场勘验、尸体检验并结合调查走访情况进行综合分析。     

Homicide by a Forensic Female Sample in Brazil: A Preliminary Study

The objective of the study was to evaluate the mental status of all women (n = 14) who were acquitted by reason of insanity of charges of murder or attempted murder and committed to a forensic psychiatric hospital in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. All cases were retrospectively examined, including medical files, technical records, and forensic experts' official reports. A conclusive psychiatric diagnosis was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I and II Disorders and clinical and forensic records. The most common diagnosis was schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders (n = 8; 57.3%). Most victims (n = 12; 75%) were close relatives of the patients. We found that 43% (n = 6) of the patients had a previous history of violent behavior. According to the initial psychiatric forensic evaluation, 5 patients (35.7%) had psychotic symptoms. It is expected that a growing understanding of motivational factors underlying homicidal behavior in mentally disturbed female offenders may further the implementation of effective preventive and therapeutic interventions.     

不同部位颅脑摔跌伤的特征分析68例

目的探讨不同受力部位颅脑摔跌伤后损伤程度和特征差异。方法收集摔跌所致颅脑损伤68例,根据案情、受伤过程、临床体征、CT影像资料将受伤部位分为颅前部、颅侧部、颅后部;损伤类型分为颅骨骨折、硬脑膜外血肿、硬脑膜下血肿和脑挫裂伤;损伤数量分为单一和多发伤;颅骨骨折分为受力点骨折和非受力点骨折;脑挫裂伤分为冲击伤、对冲伤等。运用非参数统计χ2检验比较其频数分布。结果不同摔跌部位颅骨骨折和颅脑损伤程度存在明显差异(P0.05),颅后部摔跌颅骨骨折远离受力点多见,多发伤为主,而颅前部、颅侧部受力点骨折多见,单处损伤多见;颅后部、颅侧部摔跌后脑挫裂伤发生率高,以对冲部位多见,颅前部摔跌后脑挫裂伤发生率低,冲击伤亦多见。结论摔跌部位不同颅脑损伤程度和特征存在差异,CT检查资料有助于损伤机制推断。     

Extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States

Prostitute women have the highest homicide victimization rate of any set of women ever studied. We analyzed nine diverse homicide data sets to examine the extent, trends, and perpetrators of prostitution-related homicide in the United States. Most data sources substantially under-ascertained prostitute homicides. As estimated from a conservative capture-recapture analysis, 2.7% of female homicide victims in the United States between 1982 and 2000 were prostitutes. Frequencies of recorded prostitute and client homicides increased substantially in the late 1980s and early 1990s; nearly all of the few observed pimp homicides occurred before the late 1980s. These trends may be linked to the rise of crack cocaine use. Prostitutes were killed primarily by clients, clients were killed mainly by prostitutes, and pimps were killed predominantly by pimps. Another conservative estimate suggests that serial killers accounted for 35% of prostitute homicides. Proactive surveillance of, and evidence collection from, clients and prostitutes might enhance the investigation of prostitution-related homicide.