“理性经济人”假设的合理性及其限度

"理性经济人"假设是西方经济学进行经济研究的前提假设,这一理论具有一定的合理性,其为经济学研究奠定了理论假设的前提。马克思主义认为:"人的本质不是单个人所固有的抽象物,在其现实性上,它是一切社会关系的总和。"[1]人的本性也是发展变化的,不能单从经济方面去界定人的本性,只有把人看做不断发展的、全面的人才是对人的正确认识,从这一方面来说"理性经济人"假设又有一定的限度。因此,应该对"理性经济人"假设作辩证的理解。     

民主的经济理论－－公共选择视野下的政治经济互动

文章研究了民主政治与政府经济政策的关系，探讨了赤字下的民主、公民的财政幻觉、政治经济据环、代议制民主的缺陷等问题。     

社会契约论视角下国家限度性问题探析

从人性恶到社会契约的形成,霍布斯的《利维坦》利用社会契约论的论证逻辑,构建了一个绝对主权国家,被认为是专制主义的代表。从社会契约的原则、内容与主体间关系来看,作为国家基础的公民被国家所吞噬,国家享有对公民的绝对主导地位。然而从国家主权产生方式、社会契约的基础与目的来看,人为构建的利维坦,仍然具有自身的限度,这也是为什么霍布斯的《利维坦》同时被称为自由主义的代表作,证明了社会契约论视角的双重性。     

Democracy, Markets and Capital: Are there Necessary Economic Limits to Democracy?

This article reviews the neo-liberal case for economic limits to democracy, assesses the counterposed argument of socialists and social democrats and considers why the latters' practical experience in 'democratizing economic life' has been so unsatisfactory. The second half of the paper considers the claim that some form of market socialism can overcome these limitations. While the market socialists have some success in undermining the claims of the neo-liberals, there are acute difficulties in transforming their agenda for economic democracy into a practicable politics. At the same time, it is suggested that while there may indeed be some economic limits to democracy, we are still very far from reaching them.     

马克思主义社会与历史理论的经济学视角——罗伯特·布伦纳教授访谈

罗伯特·布伦纳(Robert Brenner)系当代美国“经济马克思主义”学者.受法国结构主义马克思主义阿尔都塞的影响,并在英国马克思主义历史学派的直接启发下,他致力于在二战后的英美世界继续从事历史唯物主义当代重建这一传统西方马克思主义重要使命.基于此,他提出了著名的“社会财产关系理论”,引发了著名的关于社会形态过渡(主要是从封建社会向资本主义社会过渡)的“布伦纳之争”,并由此重新开启了探讨历史唯物主义的经济学维度,按照他自己或者英美世界通行的说法,就是探索马克思主义社会与历史理论的经济学视角.     

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中异化劳动理论解读及其启示

在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思阐述了异化劳动理论及人的本质,并且指明了异化扬弃的途径,即消灭私有制,实现共产主义,从而达到人的本质的真正复归。马克思虽然没有明确的关于社会主义异化的论述,但是这位导师对于人的异化的一系列阐述,对于我国社会主义初级阶段的建设同样有着重要的启示意义。     

一般价值理论:经济学的度量工具

一般价值理论是把哲学价值、理论经济学价值、应用经济学价值相统一,把效用价值、需求价值、劳动价值相统一,把利益、财富、价值相统一,并实现这三个方面相统一的理论。利益是财富的灵魂,财富是利益的载体;价值是物对人所意味着的利益,也是人所追求的利益,是物的效用和人的需求的统一;价值等于效用和需求的乘积;价值的功能在于对利益的度量,价值是经济学的“经济量”。     

公共选择理论与政府经济行为分析

公共选择理论源于现代经济学对政府经济行为和经济政策的思考,为解释政府经济行为和经济政策提供了一种新的理论范式,也是研究政府经济行为和经济政策的基础理论。     

经济全球化与马克思的"两个必然"理论

在经济全球化的今天 ,资本主义虽有许多新发展 ,但依然无法根本解决其经济危机、精神危机和贫富两极分化等三重危机 ;而社会主义在正确处理与资本主义的关系中 ,加快改革进程 ,积极参与全球合作与发展 ,显示出光明的前景。这证明马克思的“两个必然”理论没有过时 ,仍具有现实的真理性。     

Political Ambivalence as Praxis: The Limits of Consensus in Habermas's Theory of the Public Sphere

This paper argues that ambivalence can serve as a proxy for consensus-based debates in public discourse as it allows for individuals to maintain flexible and analytic perspectives on matters that otherwise appear contradictory. In particular, an affirmative understanding of ambivalence will be presented to supplement the highly influential Habermasian approach by drawing from sociological theories of ambivalence found in the work of Simmel, Bauman and Ko?akowski. While the theme of ambivalence is not completely absent from Habermas’s work on the public sphere, it is typically described as a structural consequence of contradiction rather than a form of action that is capable of working with and around inconsistencies in ethics, knowledge and social values. This allows for participation to be sustained through contradiction, rather than being withdrawn in frustration, while also encouraging open-minded judgements capable of avoiding forms of fanaticism.     

Crossing the Organizational Void: The Limits of Agency Theory in the Analysis of Regulatory Control

This article critically examines the key assumptions of the positive theory of political control. The authors argue that the key assumptions of the theory are flawed and that these flaws seriously limit the importance of much research in the field of regulatory studies. The authors develop a set of new assumptions which would reorient the regulatory studies and force researchers to give greater attention to the role of the bureaucracy in political-bureaucratic relations.     

Misplaced Applications of Economic Theory to the Middle East

Tyler Cowen in this issue proposes an application of publicchoice and game theory as a means of understanding the MiddleEast conflict and viewing the ``Road Map for Middle EastPeace''. Cowen's approach is not based on appreciation of the``hidden agendas and rules of the game'' that are present inthe Middle East. Economic theory may indeed usefullycontribute to understanding aspects of the Middle East war,but through different avenues and in different directions fromthose suggested by Cowen. In this paper I suggest a viewconsistent with the institutional characteristics of theconflict and the objectives of the participants.     

Assessing NASA’s Safety Culture: The Limits and Possibilities of High‐Reliability Theory

After the demise of the space shuttle Columbia on February 1, 2003, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board sharply criticized NASA’s safety culture. Adopting the high‐reliability organization as a benchmark, the board concluded that NASA did not possess the organizational characteristics that could have prevented this disaster. Furthermore, the board determined that high‐reliability theory is “extremely useful in describing the culture that should exist in the human spaceflight organization.” In this article, we argue that this conclusion is based on a misreading and misapplication of high‐reliability research. We conclude that in its human spaceflight programs, NASA has never been, nor could it be, a high‐reliability organization. We propose an alternative framework to assess reliability and safety in what we refer to as reliability‐seeking organizations.