小脑下后动脉外伤性动脉瘤迟发破裂死亡1例

正颅内动脉瘤是病理性(自发性)蛛网膜下腔出血的最常见原因,大约85%的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血由它所致~([1])。绝大多数颅内动脉瘤为血管自身病变,外伤引起的非常罕见,在颅内动脉瘤中占比不足1%~([2,3])。在颅内动脉瘤破裂致死的法医鉴定实践中,区分外伤性和病理性动脉瘤是首要任务。本文报道一例额面部遭受暴力致小脑下后动脉外伤性动脉瘤形成,先后三次出现蛛网膜下腔出血,最终迟发破裂导致死亡的典型案例。     

头部轻微损伤基底动脉瘤破裂死亡2例

外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血,主要原因为脑挫裂伤时脑内血管和软脑膜血管破裂血液流入蛛网膜下腔形成.而轻微头部外伤诱发基底动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血致人死亡的案例较为少见.     

性活动致硬化性脑底动脉瘤破裂死亡1例

<正>硬化性脑底动脉瘤(cerebral aneurysm,CA)破裂死亡者生前一般无特异性临床表现,死亡过程急速,且CA多数体积较小,容易漏诊;另由于诱发CA破裂的因素很多,其破裂后可致蛛网膜下腔广泛性出血而致人死亡,故成为法医学鉴定的难点。本文报道一例因性活动致硬化性脑底动脉瘤破裂死亡的案例,并对CA破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血的法医学鉴定进行探讨,旨在为法医学鉴定提供参考。1案例资料     

外伤致腹主动脉瘤破裂死亡1例

1案例及尸体检验1·1案例简介梭形和囊状动脉瘤[3]。该动脉瘤早期可无任何征状,当瘤体逐渐增大压迫周围组织时,才出现疼痛和压迫征状[4]。另外瘤体内附壁血栓或粥样斑块脱落,栓塞远侧动脉,使远端肢体缺血,疼痛,皮肤苍白,动脉波动减弱或消失,趾(指)端坏死[1]。当瘤体不断增大,或受到外力打击,或血压突然升高时,可突然破裂,出血,严重者发生休克或死亡。该例死者有高血压及动脉粥样硬化病史,是形成动脉瘤的主要因素。死者被打击前无任何征状,是因该动脉瘤还比较小,还处在早期。因死者被别人打击腹部后,导致动脉瘤的破裂。根据本例尸检情况,死者…     

假性动脉瘤破裂致消化道大出血死亡1例

假性动脉瘤（pseudoaneurysm，PSA）指动脉管壁撕裂或穿破，血液流出后被动脉邻近组织包裹形成血肿，血肿机化后形成外壁，血肿腔内面为动脉内膜细胞延伸形成的内膜。假性动脉瘤一般由外伤、医源性损伤所致，而先天性动脉瘤破裂较少见，现报道1例。     

127例蛛网膜下腔出血案例的法医学研究

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)对保险公司的直接请求权,从而缓解了患者在请求赔偿方面的特点及法医学鉴定要点。方法通过对华西医科大学法医鉴定中心1983-2001年尸检检出的127例各种原因所致的SAH案例进行回顾性分析。结果各类SAH案例,男性明显多于女性,男女性别比为3:1,高峰年龄为21~40岁。按SAH常见特征可分为外伤性、脑血管畸形、动脉瘤、脑血管粥样硬化、中毒、伴发于心脏疾患、其他等八类。其中,外伤性与脑血管畸形最为多见。外伤性SAH与脑血管畸形出血可见于任何年龄,多见于11~50岁,脑血管粥样硬化出血仅见于50岁以上者,动脉瘤破裂出血者并不多见,见于11~50岁。以SAH为死亡原因者,32例,占25%,多见于脑血管畸形与动脉瘤破裂,出血部位多见于脑底及小脑天幕以下。大多数SAH,出血部位多见于大脑表面,较为局限,出血量较少,非死亡的主要原因。结论多数SAH并非导致死亡的主要原因,SAH死亡者,其死亡性质多属自然死亡。     

创伤致损伤性动脉瘤1例

１案例某男 ,２６岁 ,某日因与他人发生纠纷被对方用长尖刀刺伤左腹股沟部 ,伤后出血不止 ,在当地诊所作简单缝合治疗。８天后发现局部有一大小３ｃｍ×３ｃｍ搏动性包块 ,２月后在某大医院检查诊断“损伤性股动脉瘤”行动脉瘤切除和股动脉修复手术 ,术中因瘤体靠近驱干 ,手术暴露不良止血困难 ,出血较多引起失血性休克 ,经输血４０００ｍｌ,抢救脱险后完成手术，术后恢复良好。２讨论损伤性动脉瘤常因枪弹伤 ,锐器刺伤引起动脉壁细小裂口 ,或因暴力所致局部严重挫伤及肢体过度伸展所致的动脉细小撕裂伤等因素引起 ,当动脉切伤或撕裂伤形成…     

肺动脉夹层动脉瘤破裂猝死1例

夹层动脉瘤是发生在动脉壁某一部分因病变而向外膨出，形成永久性局限性血管扩张的一种疾病。夹层动脉瘤几乎只发生在主动脉，而且常发生在升主动脉和主动脉弓。作者曾遇1例肺动脉夹层动脉瘤，伴肺动脉瘤破裂导致心包填塞而猝死案例，在报道中比较少见，现报道如下：     

1例蛛网膜下腔出血死亡的法医学分析

1案例资料 1.1 简要案情 王某,男,26岁.某年5月29日20时,与他人饮酒后,在酒馆门口与其他一伙人发生争执并厮打在一起,王某被一拳击中颜面左侧后倒地昏迷,"120"救护车送到医院,抢救无效死亡. 1.2尸体检验 左颊部可见皮下出血.口唇可见破损、出血.胸背部可见皮下出血.全脑重1380g,脑组织蛛网膜下腔广泛出血,以脑底部及大脑两侧为重,脑干周围可见血肿包绕.脑底前交通动脉瘤.仔细检查脑底动脉环及其分支,可见脑底动脉环前交通动脉瘤,瘤壁完好、无破裂,血管注水试验见大脑后动脉交通支破裂.项部右侧深层肌组织可见出血,寰椎、枢椎旁肌组织出血.颈椎未见骨折.打开脊髓腔,颈段脊髓蛛网膜下腔广泛出血,切面未见明显异常.     

127例蛛网膜下腔出血案例的法医学研究

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)对保险公司的直接请求权，从而缓解了患者在请求赔偿方面的特点及法医学鉴定要点。方法通过对华西医科大学法医鉴定中心1983—2001年尸检检出的127例各种原因所致的SAH案例进行回顾性分析。结果各类SAH案例，男性明显多于女性，男女性别比为3：1，高峰年龄为21～40岁。按SAH常见特征可分为外伤性、脑血管畸形、动脉瘤、脑血管粥样硬化、中毒、伴发于心脏疾患、其他等八类。其中，外伤性与脑血管畸形最为多见。外伤性SAH与脑血管畸形出血可见于任何年龄，多见于11～50岁，脑血管粥样硬化出血仅见于50岁以上者，动脉瘤破裂出血者并不多见，见于11～50岁。以SAH为死亡原因者，32例，占25％，多见于脑血管畸形与动脉瘤破裂，出血部位多见于脑底及小脑天幕以下。大多数SAH，出血部位多见于大脑表面，较为局限，出血量较少，非死亡的主要原因。结论多数SAH并非导致死亡的主要原因，SAH死亡者，其死亡性质多属自然死亡。     

Suture Embolism of the Left Superior Lobar Pulmonary Artery

Endogenous pulmonary thromboemboli are a common cause of noncardiac sudden natural death. Embolism of exogenous material is a rare but potential finding in autopsies following surgeries, medical procedures, penetrating trauma, and nonparenteral drug abuse. This report describes the first case of a suture embolism of the left superior lobar pulmonary artery following complicated abdominal surgery.     

介绍两种冠状动脉狭窄程度的检测方法

本文作者提出用相对面积计算和同心圆两种方法检测冠脉狭窄程度，并对其实用价值进行了探讨。     

Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Case Report and Literature Review

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. It occurs most commonly in otherwise healthy women during pregnancy or the postpartum period. The true incidence of SCAD is underestimated, as most cases are diagnosed at autopsy. The pathophysiology of SCAD is still not fully understood, and its management can be challenging. This report describes a 35‐year‐old pregnant female who presented with an acute antero‐lateral ST elevation secondary to spontaneous dissection of the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery. The diagnosis was established by coronary artery angiography. However, the patient died following cardiac tamponade. The examination of this case represented a starting point for the reviewing of the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of SCAD, and for the placing of this in context with the existing literature. This study highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and subsequent lifesaving treatment.     

Death Due to Coronary Artery Insufficiency Following Blunt Trauma to the Chest

There have been numerous reports of sudden cardiac death following blunt trauma to the chest, but there is lack of such references in forensic literature. It is the court of law which makes decision about trauma precipitating natural events. The forensic pathologist is scientifically trained in the medical field and would be in a better position to give clear picture about the victim's general status at the time of death, exact nature and severity of the illness he is suffering from if any. He can also assess the nature and severity of injuries sustained, and thus, his opinion as to the possible role played by the traumatic event in bringing about the death is valuable. This paper will discuss the mechanism of cardiac injury or possible cardiac injury and sudden death of an apparently healthy 36‐year‐old male following blunt chest trauma sustained during alleged assault by his neighbor.     

Sudden Death Caused by Anomalous Origin of the Coronary Artery During Exercise

Anomalous origin of the coronary artery (AOCA) is a rare, but important cause of sudden cardiac death among young athletes. Nine autopsy cases (8 male, 1 female; mean age, 17.9 years; age range, 11–31 years) of sudden death during or just after exercise caused by AOCA were reviewed. The exercises performed at the time of death were running (4 cases), soccer (2 cases), and baseball, swimming and kendo (Japanese swordsmanship) (1 case each). In 6 cases, the left coronary artery arose from the right sinus of Valsalva, and in 3, the right coronary artery from the left sinus. The coronary arteries passed between the pulmonary artery and the aorta with an acute angle takeoff from the orifice. Three cases had cardiovascular manifestations prior to death. In cases with cardiovascular manifestations, novel imaging methods should be considered to prevent sudden death.     

Multiple Giant Coronary Artery Aneurysms: A Rare Cause of Sudden Cardiac Death

Multiple giant aneurysms involving the coronary arteries are uncommon and rarely reported. In the presented case, a 63‐year‐old man with poorly controlled hypertension died suddenly. Gross autopsy examination showed multiple giant thrombus‐filled coronary artery aneurysms, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, and cardiomegaly. Histological sections of the coronary aneurysms showed atherosclerotic changes with both organized and fresh thrombus. Giant coronary aneurysm is defined as a segmental enlargement of a coronary artery with a diameter exceeding 20 mm or more. The main etiology of this nebulous entity is attributed to atherosclerosis and inflammatory or inherited connective tissue disorders with the remainder being congenital, infectious, or idiopathic. Before its cataclysmic presentation, when ruptured or thrombosed, giant coronary aneurysm usually has a silent clinical course. Sudden death owing to giant multiple coronary aneurysms is rare and mandates careful classification of the aneurysms and prudent search for autoimmune‐mediated or genetically based factors for subsequent ancillary autopsy studies.     

Acute Fatal Coronary Artery Dissection Following Exercise‐related Blunt Chest Trauma

Coronary artery injury such as acute coronary dissection is an uncommon and potentially life‐threatening complication after blunt chest trauma. The authors report an unusual autopsy case of a 43‐year‐old healthy man who suddenly collapsed after receiving a punch to the chest during the practice of kung fu. The occurrence of the punch was supported by the presence of one recent contusion on the left lateral chest area at the external examination and by areas of hemorrhage next to the left lateral intercostal spaces at the internal examination. The histological examination revealed the presence of an acute dissection of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Only few cases of coronary artery dissection have been reported due to trauma during sports activities such as rugby and soccer games, but never during the practice of martial arts, sports usually considered as safe and responsible for only minor trauma.     

Saddle Pulmonary Embolism with Paradoxical Coronary Artery Embolism through a Patent Foramen Ovale

A 35‐year‐old male patient was found in cardiac arrest in his vehicle, with no apparent injuries after a minor motor vehicle collision. The decedent was found to have a saddle pulmonary embolus with a thromboembolus impacted across a patent foramen ovale and a paradoxical embolism in the circumflex coronary artery, as well as significant clotting in the deep veins of both lower extremities. There were no risk factors in his history to explain the deep venous thrombosis; family history suggested the possibility of an unrecognized clotting disorder.     

A Comparison of Coronary Artery Stenosis Estimates Made by Forensic Pathologists and Medical Students

Previous studies suggest cardiovascular pathologists are less accurate than noncardiovascular pathologists (e.g., clinical pathologists) in estimating the degree of coronary artery stenosis. To further investigate the effect of training on accurate estimation of coronary artery stenosis, we designed a study to compare the accuracy of estimates made by forensic pathologists versus medical students. Six forensic pathologists and twelve medical students each independently examined 24 images of coronary artery cross sections and gave an estimate of the degree of stenosis. When comparing all 24 images, the forensic pathologists had a median difference between the estimated percentage of stenosis and actual percentage of stenosis of −12.380 and the medical students had a median difference of −16.50 (p-value of 0.08542). In estimating the percentage of stenosis, training in forensic pathology does not guarantee significantly improved accuracy compared with medical students. Our study showed no consistent statistically significant difference between estimates given by forensic pathologists and by medical students.     

Previously Unreported Complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Suture Rupture Resulting in Patient's Death

Traditionally, the manner of death in most hospital autopsy cases is natural, in which death is due to the natural course of disease or reasonably anticipated outcomes of medical interventions. Some cases fall into a potential gray zone between natural and accident, including rare or unanticipated outcomes of medical interventions. We present a case of a patient postcoronary artery bypass graft. Autopsy revealed the proximal anastomosis of the aorta‐to‐first‐diagonal‐coronary‐artery‐to‐second‐obtuse‐marginal‐artery graft was detached from the aorta. A broken suture was present at the disconnected anastomosis, with intact knots but was broken along its length. In‐hospital mortality rates of CABG range from 1% to 3%, with several autopsy studies identifying surgical complications as the cause of death in one‐third of perioperative deaths. No publications were found that described suture rupture as directly relating to the cause of death. This case report describes a previously unreported complication of coronary artery bypass grafting.