Anticipation,Critique and the Problem of Intervention: Understanding the Messianic: Derrida through Ernst Bloch

This paper looks at the concept of themessianic as a means of understanding theMarxist tradition, particularly therelationship between the ethical and thepolitical. It examines the positions of JacquesDerrida and Ernst Bloch, whereby both utilisethe messianic as a means of upholding anethical space which is not reducible to being,while at the same time emphasising the need anddemand of the messianic to be brought intobeing. This contradiction operates as the basiccharacteristic of the messianic and it isasserted that Bloch, rather than Derrida,offers a stronger version of the messianic andthe relationship it constructs between ethicsand politics, by attaching a notion of thegood, that of human dignity which operates toguide the ethical command. While Bloch'sdignity may lead to the position of sacrificewhen engaging within the political, theco-ordination of the ethical by dignity doesnot itself sacrifice ethics as a totality.     

Science and Policy in International Environmental Agreements: Lessons from the European experience on Transboundary Air Pollution

Science and policy come together in the use of computer models for International Environmental Agreements (IEAs). We study a successful case in using Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) in defining the long-range transboundary air pollution policies in Europe. In the light of the history of the LRTAP Convention of the UN-ECE, we consider the special circumstances which led to the success of the RAINS model that was employed. We find that the collaborative, self-aware and evolutionary character of the institutional framework built among the LRTAP Convention, IIASA and the EU facilitated the successful adoption of RAINS. We also show how the limits of computer models, fully recognised in this case by producers and users, leave issues of uncertainty, distribution and ethics unresolved. When facing international negotiations, several coalitions might emerge. An analysis of the situtation is done in terms of First-Comers and Late-Comers in Environmental policy, the first group undertaking the initiative to formulate international policies on issues that are of concern to themselves and for which they have acquired technologies, models and know-how, while the second group is just following international policy and most often viewing it as a constraint. This is discussed in the example of the Spanish participation in the negotiations about sulphur emissions in the buildup to the Oslo Protocol. The adoption of the precautionary principle is often being used as a way to handle uncertainty when facing urgent policy responsibilities for environmental issues.     

The Silence of the Sirens

Risk is a projection of a specific temporality performed by the observer. However, this projection is doomed to impossibility because of the prohibiting problems of time, causality, subjectivity and relativity of risk. The observer is left only with a castrated projection that defies the role of science as a pedestal for the projection and institutes negation as its driving force. This projection is materialised within the Law in the form of the Precautionary Principle. Risk evokes undesired dualisms, especially the one between Idealism and Operationalism. The essay attempts to bring the two together by extrapolating the hard appearance of the legal system as seen through Luhmann’s autopoiesis and the need for critical openness of a contextualised environmental law. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

判决过程中法官的价值发现

法官作出判决的过程中总是存在着价值判断，法官价值判断的前提是对所审理案件的有关价值主体关于该案件判决的价值需要的认识，法官只有对案件判决可能有那些价值需要存在比较清楚的认识，才能在此基础上作出最好的价值选择，从而才能作出最好的判决。对判决价值需要的认识取决于法官的价值发现，法官审理具体案件的价值发现主要有四个方面：一是法官对讼争各方需求价值的发现；二是法官对社会主导公正价值观念的发现；三是法官对适用该判决的法律中的价值发现；四是法官对自身需求的价值发现。     

Development of a harmonised method for the profiling of amphetamines: IV. Optimisation of sample preparation

The suitability of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the preparation of impurity extracts intended for gas chromatographic profiling analyses of amphetamine were evaluated. Both techniques were optimised with respect to the extraction of selected target compounds by use of full factorial designs in which the variables affecting the performance were evaluated. Test samples consisted of amphetamine synthesised by the Leuckart reaction, by reductive amination of benzyl methyl ketone and by the nitrostyrene route. The performance of LLE and SPE were comparable in terms of repeatability and recovery of the target compounds. LLE was considered the better choice for the present harmonised amphetamine profiling method due to the lack of information on the long-term stability of SPE columns.     

Best practices for structuring a family court parenting plan evaluation under the 2022 AFCC Guidelines

Evaluation appointment orders provide enforceable scaffolding for conduct of family court parenting plan evaluations, and use of the evaluator's reports, feedback, file, and testimony. Unlike a contract, a stipulated or adjudicated appointment order is directly enforceable by the family court. It unambiguously positions the evaluator as the family court's appointee – answerable directly to the court and, in some jurisdictions, protected by quasi-judicial immunity from damages claims. A well-crafted appointment order governs the roles and expectations of the court, the evaluator, the parties, the lawyers, and the collateral witnesses. An appointment order mandates the legal duties, rights, powers, and responsibilities of the professionals, the parties, and the collateral witnesses. At minimum, an appointment order articulates the legal basis for the appointment, the purpose and scope of the evaluation, compensation of evaluator, and the duty of the parties to participate in the process. A written evaluation protocol or procedures statement discloses in advance the methods of investigation and assessment that the evaluator intends to use. Together, the appointment order and written protocol help the evaluator, lawyers, parents, and judge manage the complexity of the evaluation process.     

房屋承租人优先购买权的几个问题

我国《合同法》规定,出租人出卖租赁房屋时,承租人基于租赁合同,享有对租赁房屋同等条件下的优先购买权.但在转租以及强制拍卖方式下,承租人对租赁房屋是否享有优先购买权,则是需要理论和立法进一步解决的问题,避免因审判人员的理解不同而导致同类案件审判结果不同.另外,《中华人民共和国物权法》在涉及按份共有物处分时由共有人"全体同意之原则"改采"多数决原则".在按份共有人根据"多数决原则"出售共有物而少数共有人主张优先购买的情况下,为避免共有人的优先购买权与承租人优先购买权的竞合,应对多数共有人的处分权进行必要的限制:当多数共有人要求出售共有物时,应首先满足少数共有人优先购买多数共有人的共有份额的权利.     

常识与理性(十):司法技术与司法政治之法理及其兼容

司法之政治性与其技术性一样,都是司法本身所固有的基本秉性。其中,技术性体现着司法的职业理性,它构成了司法过程的客观方面;政治性折射出司法的价值关怀,它构成了司法过程的主观方面。任何司法过程都包含主客观两个方面,因而也是政治性与技术性的有机统一。基于此,中国司法改革既要避免"泛政治化"倾向,又要反对"去政治化"主张。     

第一次全国劳动教养立法理论研讨会综述

2 0 0 1年 3月 2 9日— 4月 1日 ,全国劳动教养立法理论研讨会在北京召开。会议全面深入地讨论了劳动教养立法的基本理论和实践问题 ,并就劳动教养的法治化建构和公民权利的保护与限制等问题进行了专题研讨。这是我国历史上第一次全国劳动教养立法理论研讨会。     

德国法院体系探析

德国特色法院体系的形成与演变有其深刻的社会历史背景,首先是文化传统,其次是经济体制,第三是工人运动。德国的法院系统由宪法法院、普通法院和专门法院三类组成。宪法法院专门审理违宪案件;普通法院只审理刑事案件和民事案件;专门法院包括(普通)行政法院、财政法院、劳动法院、社会法院、专利法院、军事法院和惩戒法院等。除了(普通)法院和宪法法院具有独立地位外,其他法院均隶属于政府有关部门。德国行政审判权由各级行政法院与劳动法院、社会法院、财政法院等共同行使。专门法院的性质介于行政机关与司法机关之间,但行政机关的性质更多(本质上属于行政司法)。     

系统论视野中的有组织犯罪

本文认为,基于有组织犯罪的“组织性”特质,在有组织犯罪的理论研究中注入系统论的研究方法显得异常迫切和必要。文章从系统本体论的角度出发,对有组织罪系统的要素、结构和功能作了详尽的分析,并在此基础上,从系统认识论的角度提出了破除有组织犯罪系统的基本策略。     

The liability of website owners for defamation in Israel: A challenge yet to be solved?

From the end of the twentieth century to the present we have witnessed the effects of technology on the way we consume and distribute information. The print media, which in many ways was the natural product of the printing revolution, has given way to the electronic media with websites providing the new “town squares” in which the public discourse is held on political, economic and social issues among others. The Israeli legal system, like the legal systems in other countries, faces a variety of challenges and complex ethical and legal issues when required to regulate (often retrospectively) the manner and processes through which the discourse will be conducted in the virtual “town hall”. In essence, this article focuses on one of the many questions occupying the Israeli legal system and that is whether website owners should be liable in defamation for speech published by third parties on the Internet (through blogs, tweets on Twitter, posts on Facebook,¹ uploaded video clips on YouTube and the like) when no connection exists between the third party and the site owner apart from the fact that the third party has used the website as a platform to publish the offensive speech. The issue of the liability of the website owner has ramifications for the injured party's capacity to institute an action for defamation against the website owner, as often only the latter will be in a position to compensate the injured party (financially) for the offensive speech. The Israeli legal system, which in many ways furnishes a unique and interesting framework for examining the question posed above, as we explain in the body of the article, presents a fascinating example of how the Israeli legislature and the courts have dealt and continue to deal with claims filed against website owners for damage to reputation as a result of speech published by third parties. The article offers a comprehensive review of the status of the right to freedom of speech, anonymity and the right to reputation in Israel, the considerations for and against the imposition of liability on website owners and the latest case law on these questions.     

论发货人的权利、义务和责任

本文分析了发货人的含义及其特点 ,论述了发货人在海上货物运输法律关系中所享有的权利和应承担的义务和责任 ,在此基础上 ,对今后我国《海商法》第四章修改中关于发货人的法律规定提出了相应立法建议     

定量风险分析在恐怖袭击风险评估中的应用

本文回顾了定量风险分析的发展过程,提出了对恐怖主义风险进行评估、定量的方法。在定量过程中,根据已经获得的情报资料和以往类似事件的总结,结合专家意见,采用定量分析方法对数据进行处理,得出最可能的袭击目标,威胁的属性,确定出袭击的幕景。采用事故树分析其威胁模型,采用事件树分析系统脆弱性,得出袭击的后果及目标中存在的最大脆弱性。为在恐怖威胁下做出有效决策提供了理论依据。并以体育馆为例,用理论进行了实例分析。     

立宪主义在亚洲

本文始以探究立宪主义的内在规定性 ,包括其规范要求及价值内核 ,并以现代性为背景 ,追问立宪主义的普适性。以此为前提 ,主要从分权与制衡及人权保障两个方面描述立宪主义在亚洲的际遇 ,并侧重从政治学、社会学的视角给以解析。结语进一步廓清立宪主义得以在亚洲确立的条件 ,并对在亚洲确立立宪主义的前景有所冀望。但未提出“亚洲立宪主义”的明确概念。     

Through the meshes of patriarchy:

This article offers an analysis of women's life and status within the peasant family of the Saguenay region (Quebec) prior to the completion of the settlement process. After a brief survey of the literature in the field, a variety of sources (including several bodies of oral data) is analyzed, offering the conclusions that: (1) it is useful to carefully distinguish between the macro-social or societal level (State, Church, capital …) and the micro-social sphere of the family and the conjugal couple; (2) the societal scale was made up of unambiguously patriarchal powers, norms, and institutions, whereas at the micro-social level, the reality was much more complex and offered a great deal of diversity; (3) societal constraints heavily influenced the conjugal relationship but not in a deterministic way. The latter remained a social area where the women, somehow, remained able to maneuver, to negotiate and to assert themselves; (4) the same can be said of the thesis that male ownership and control of the means of production necessarily entailed subordination and proletarianization of the married women; and (5) it would be fruitful to explore the idea that male domination was mostly rooted and secured not in the family but in the societal arena.     

国际商事合同要约生效时间比较研究

各国确认要约生效时间的不同是世界各国关于要约生效制度差异的主要表现之一。我国合同法论著中通常认为在要约生效时间的规定方面,"大陆法系和英美法系都采用到达主义"。通过比较各国关于要约生效时间方面的法律规定和司法实践,认为作为大陆法系典型代表的法国对要约的生效时间不是采用到达主义,而英美法系国家通常是以受要约人作出承诺的时间作为要约的生效时间,故认为"大陆法系和英美法系都采用到达主义"的观点是错误的。     

论辩护取证与侦查取证的关系

辩护取证和侦查取证构成了刑事调查的二元结构。在其相互制约中,可最大程度地接近案件事实。在研究犯罪嫌疑人辩护权与辩护律师相应权利的基础上,探讨新刑诉法实施后,辩护律师所具有的调查取证权利。律师还不能向警方申请阅卷,也不能在会见在押嫌疑人时向其核实证据;但在会见中,他们拥有不被监听的特权。而且,辩护律师有以"见证人"身份监督强制取证措施的权利。在监督侦查活动中,他们可以提出排除非法证据的要求。在侦查阶段,辩护律师的取证权,一般是外部调查取证权。辩护取证和侦查取证具有权属不同、手段多少不同、活动范围不同、活动的方向不同等特点,其体现的是控辩双方的法律制约与平衡。     

论欺诈、胁迫之民事救济——兼评《合同法》之二元规定

对于欺诈、胁迫行为之民事救济 ,从罗马法至现代各国立法 ,大多数采取撤销主义 ,我国《民法通则》及三部旧合同法采无效主义之一元规定 ,新《合同法》则采可撤销与无效之二元规定。本文认为 ,从二元规定到采可撤销主义之一元规定 ,应是我国合同法的价值取向。     

论证券市场法律责任的立法和司法协调

本文指出,立法者应当扭转重行(刑)轻民的思维定势,对于证券民事责任、证券行政责任与证券刑事责任予以同等关注;司法执法机关对于证券民事案件、证券行政案件与证券刑事责任应予同等关注。文章继而分析了证券民事责任、行政责任与刑事责任的并用与竞合,以及证券民事责任中违约责任与侵权责任的竞合问题。对于最高人民法院2002年1月15日出台的《通知》所引发的人民法院审理证券市场虚假陈述案件涉及的程序与实体问题,也进行了探讨。作者认为,投资者有权起诉面临退市甚至破产境地的虚假陈述公司。作者还主张建立快速落实证券民事责任的争讼解决机制,并建议成立投资者协会,发挥其在落实证券民事责任方面的重要作用。