Efficiency in Banking: Empirical Evidence from the Czech Republic

The paper examines the cost efficiency of the Czech-banking system in the 1990s by applying the distribution free approach model. Reported results indicate that foreign banks were on average more efficient than the other banks, although their efficiency was comparable with the ‘good’ small banks’ efficiency in early years of their operation. Based on the estimated results it is argued that early privatisation of state-owned commercial banks and more liberal policy towards foreign banks in the early stage of transition would have enhanced the efficiency in the banking system.     

地方政府公共服务能力建设探究

目前,我国经济建设快速发展,已进入全面建设小康社会新的历史阶段。但公共事业的发展严重滞后于经济发展,影响了经济社会的可持续发展和广大人民群众生活水平的提高。因此,在以社会管理、公共服务为主要职能的前提下,提升地方政府的公共服务能力对地方经济和社会的发展意义重大。     

论地方政府间税收不当竞争的法律规制

地方政府间税收竞争的产生,客观上基于财政分权的结果,主观上缘自地方政府绩效的考虑。对处在经济转型期的中国来说,虽然税权高度集中于中央,地方政府间税收竞争同样难以避免。若地方政府间税收竞争能遵循一定的秩序要求,无疑将有益于资源配置的优化和公共服务质量的提高。经济转型期制度约束环境的弱化与地方政府事权界定的模糊,使得税收竞争进退失据、容易逾越正当的界限。地方政府间的税收不当竞争亟待全面的法律规制,以便为税收竞争提供常规性的制度保障,符合“依法治税”精神。     

地方政府实施商标战略的省思

近年来,国内掀起了一股实施商标战略的热潮,多个地方政府制定并颁布了实施商标战略的规范性文件。然而,地方政府实施商标战略的目标以及地方政府实施的＂重金奖励驰名商标＂、＂政府优先采购驰名商标及著名商标称号获得者的产品＂、＂鼓励商号与商标的一体化＂等商标战略措施都值得省思。     

中央与地方关系法治化之基本问题研讨

对于中央和地方关系的处理,有必要采用理论创新和制度创新相结合之新途径进行分析,从探讨"中央与地方关系法治化"的命题高度出发,高屋建瓴对影响我国中央与地方关系的现实问题予以研究。在处理中央与地方关系中涉及的地方自治和垂直管理等问题上,应该通过宪法和其他宪法性法律坚定不移又循序渐进地推行和拓展地方自治制度,并严格控制垂直管理的设定,从而使我国中央与地方权力划分和关系处理中充分体现现代法治精神。     

论地方政府联合制定行政规范性文件

地方政府联合制定行政规范性文件是适应经济发展一体化并克服文件体系地方化、碎片化的需要。推行地方政府联合制定行政规范性文件,应当出台相关的可操作性文件,明确规定具体的操作程序,并设置专门机构专司该项职权;联合制定行政规范性文件只限于给付行政或赋权行政领域,对联合制定行为应当通过司法、行政、赔偿等手段进行监督。     

贵州地方政府依法行政动力研究

经过近十年的努力,依法行政有了明显进展,但在外部要求依法行政呼声日益高涨的今天,推进依法行政工作还存在一些不容忽视的问题,那就是政府自身依法行政的动力明显不足,主要表现在推进依法行政工作进展不平衡,工作力度有自上而下呈现逐级递减的趋势。本文以贵州为例进行分析,试图在查找出阻却贵州地方政府依法行政的原因的基础上进行实践性制度设计,激发地方政府,特别是市、县两级基层政府依法行政动力。*     

论中央与地方财政转移支付关系的法律调控

财政转移支付是中央与地方财政关系的重要构成内容,它有效协调中央与地方的财政关系。从不同的角度分析,中央与地方财政转移支付表现出再分配性、无偿性、赠与性、间接调控性等多重特点。中央与地方财政转移支付的目标、形式、数额和附加条件,都是财政转移支付法调控的重点。我国正在制定《财政转移支付法》,应针对财政转移支付法调控的重点和我国中央与地方财政转移支付存在的问题,确立转移支付的目标,规范转移支付的形式,优化转移支付资金的计算确定方法和附加条件的设定。     

提升地方政府应对网络突发事件能力的思考

互联网的迅速发展导致了网络突发事件频发这一新的社会问题,也对地方政府管理者提出了,必须提升应对网络突发事件能力的要求.为了有效化解网络突发事件,地方政府需要贯彻公开透明、及时处理、法治与疏导为主的基本原则,并从完善立法、建立预警机制、加强业务培训和采用舆情监控技术手段等方面入手,切实提高地方政府应对网络突发事件的能力.     

Evidence of a Local Incumbency Advantage

Incumbents are highly likely to win reelection at all levels of government, but scholars continue to debate the extent to which serving in office has a causal effect on winning. For city council elections it is unclear whether or not we should predict a causal effect at all. City councilors may not regularly seek reelection, and any apparent advantage could be entirely attributable to preexisting qualities rather than incumbency. This article uses a regression discontinuity design to provide evidence that city council incumbents are more likely to run and win their next elections because they served a term in office.     

政府主导下的集体建设用地流转:从理想回归现实

尽管现行法律严格限制了集体建设用地入市流转的可能,但不少地方政府都积极引导集体建设用地流转,并出台了大量规范性文件。地方政府从自身利益即财政收入、经济增长的最大化来决定是否允许集体建设用地流转。在一定程度上,这和农民、中央政府的目标函数相冲突;为此,应对地方政府自行出台的办法进行改进、修正,以最大程度平衡各主体的利益诉求,协调好经济增长、耕地保护、宏观调控、农民增收的相互关联。     

分析师跟进行为对上市公司资本成本的影响——来自中国证券市场的经验证据

证券分析师通过传递信息、降低分析信息的成本来增进整个市场的有效性.基于中国上市公司样本的研究发现,分析师跟进与股权融资成本具有负相关关系,分析师作为信息中介能够对资本成本产生影响,这也印证了Easle和O'hara提出的信息是经典三因素模型外影响资本成本另一重要因素的理论假说.对这一作用可能的解释是,分析师跟进能够扩大投资者基础,进而降低融资资本成本,实证结果证实了Merton提出的投资者认知假说.     

Interactive Relations Between Universities and Firms: Empirical Evidence for Austria

In recent years interaction between universities and the business sector and the role of these collaborations in fostering innovation has received greater attention. This paper analyzes different types of interactions between the two sectors from the perspectives of universities and firms. The three major research questions address the frequency of different types of interactions, the benefits that companies derive from interaction with universities and determinants of interaction for both sectors.Two different surveys form the empirical base for this paper: One among innovative firms in Austria, one among all Austrian university departments. The methodologies we use are analyses of variance and logistic regressions. Our results demonstrate that the main channel of knowledge transfer from universities to the business sector still occurs through the mobility of human capital. The major barriers of interaction lie in the differences between cultures of the two spheres as well as lack of information at the side of firms.     

On the Design of Efficient Priority Rules for Secured Creditors: Empirical Evidence from A Change in Law

This article assesses the effect of a reduction in secured creditor priority on distributions and administrative costs in liquidating bankruptcy cases by reporting the first empirical study of the effect of a priority change. Priority reform had redistributive effects in liquidating bankruptcy. As expected, average payments to general unsecured creditors were significantly higher after the reform than before the reform and payments to secured creditors decreased. Reform did not increase the size of the pie to be distributed in bankruptcy. Nor did it increase the direct costs of bankruptcy.JEL Classification: K00, K20, G33     

Coalitions for a common purpose: managing relationships in experiments

Objectives

To discuss the character of relationships between operational and research staff and the necessary conditions for successful experiments.

Methods

A review of research and experience in the conduct of experiments, especially randomized controlled trials, examining the foundations for success, issues in maintaining cooperation with operational staff, implementation and leadership issues.

Results

The fundamental issue in successful experiments is the relationship between the operational and research entities, which most often resemble a coalition of temporary common interests rather than a partnership between parties with long-term common goals.

Conclusion

Experiments require close cooperation between the parties because of the need for maintenance and monitoring. Researchers who use field trials have solved many of the common problems faced by those embarking on experiments and those who do so will be rewarded by the quality of their findings. Relationships which may be characterised as temporary coalitions for a common purpose may, under the right conditions, ultimately mature into true research partnerships.     

地方政府合作提供公共服务的研究进展与述评

地方政府间公共服务合作是当今各国普遍关注的难点与热点问题,国内外学者对地方政府合作提供公共服务的研究越来越重视。本文从公共服务合作理论、合作机制及其经验验证等方面对地方政府合作提供公共服务进展进行了较为系统的述评。     

中國地方政府發行債券的意義探究

財政部2011年10月20日印發《2011年地方政府自行發債試點辦法》的通知,批准上海市、浙江省、廣東省、深圳市開展地方政府自行發債試點。賦予地方政府完整、合法的舉債權,可以迅速地解決債務問題,但其衍生意義遠遠不限於此。如果說賦予地方政府舉債權僅僅是爲了防止地方政府債務危機,那麼問題未免被簡單化了。     

Networking and Knowledge Transfer Between Research and Industry in Transition Countries: Empirical Evidence from the Slovenian Innovation System

Using empirical data from an innovation survey carried out in the Republic of Slovenia in 1997/1998, the paper analyses the innovation-relevant co-operation pattern between different kinds of research institutes and industry. The hypothesis is made that system transformation is not yet accomplished in Slovenia, and that the innovation system is still fragmented. While there is intense co-operation between Slovenian research institutes and companies, the level of co-operation between university institutes and industrial firms remains below the average of all Slovenian research institutes, although one focal point in the co-operation activities of university institutes is the support of firms in market introduction. Mainly larger institutes co-operate with larger firms, whereas small institutes hardly co-operate. Consequently, the challenge of innovation policy is to integrate all participants of the Slovenian innovation system in a structure of mutual knowledge and information exchange.