教学中的主体参与结构分析

现代教学手段运用的一个基本依据是看它是否有利于学生的主体参与。教的目的只有转换成为学的目的才能成为学生主体参与的目的。主体参与规范是教学社会性的重要体现。教师要精心设计使任何教学形式都服务于学生的主体参与。教的内容只是学的的内容的一个依据，而非全部。教学过程的实质是学生主体参与的过程。教学中的主体参与既是对教材伯掌握，又是一种生命的体验，同时还是发展性教学活动的具体体现。     

浅谈犯罪现场勘查课的分段教学法

犯罪现场勘查课是我国公安院校侦查学和刑事科学技术学等专业都开设的一门专业必修课程,为了适应当前犯罪形势 对侦查人才的需要,如何深化现场勘查课的教学改革,开展互动式教学,学以致用,是公安教育工作者值得思考的问题。     

西方自由与权利的合法性来源与存在样态——从古典到现代的历史考察

西方自由与权利的合法性来源一般有两种：一种是外在于国家权力，国家权力只能认可而不能创制；一种是内在于国家权力，是由国家权力创制和授予的。西方自由与权利的存在样态一般也有两种，一种是身份、等级、特权式的自由与权利；一种是普及化的、为大多民众普遍拥有的基本自由与权利。西方很早就产生了合法性来源外在于国家的自由与权利的情况，但这种自由与权利多是一种身份、等级、特权式的自由和权利。近代英美两国自由与权利的现代化成功转型，源于将这种身份、等级、特权式的自由与权利向更广大的社会阶层普及和开放，使得这种自由与权利为社会更多民众所普遍共享，进而推动了保障这种基本自由与权利的宪政机制的发展；而近代法国自由与权利的现代化转型失败，源于没有将这种身份、等级、特权式的自由与权利向更广大的社会阶层普及和开放，自由与权利没有摆脱狭隘的特权性和身份性限制，没有为社会广大阶层所普遍共享，进而也就无法推动保障这种基本自由与权利的宪政机制的发展。     

Bridging the gap: online materials to equip graduate entrants to a law degree with essential subject knowledge and skills

Graduate entrants to law degrees can be disadvantaged by being exempted from Level 4 modules. Many lack the law-specific knowledge and skills that they would have gained from their first-year studies, making it more difficult for them to achieve mastery of higher-level modules. This poses risks to their retention and progression. The Open University Law School sought to bridge this gap by providing optional online “catch-up” materials, including 12 sessions of knowledge-based learning. Each session was followed by a brief Moodle poll so that we could ascertain that session’s fitness for purpose, and which students had studied it. The sessions were highly rated by respondents, and most had been studied in the target time of around 15 minutes. Studying the sessions was statistically associated with academic success. This finding does not prove that the sessions contribute towards student's attaining higher grades, but it is encouraging. Only a small percentage of students studied any sessions, and most of those did not study all of them. Since the sessions met their intended purpose for those who studied them, the Law School has now decided on a range of initiatives designed to increase the number of LLB students who study most of them.     

The Public as a Limit to Technology Transfer: The Influence of Knowledge and Beliefs in Attitudes towards Biotechnology in the UK

Transferring knowledge on new biotechnology applications in the European Union is restricted by limited public support. Explanations for this limited support lead us to examine the influence of knowledge and beliefs in shifting attitudes towards the uncertain consequences of unknown technologies. In addition, this paper looks at the role of perceptions of uncertainty as well as information channels. We denote as “knowledgeable” those attitudes that are held by informed individuals and as “rational irrational” those attitudes purely reflecting political and moral beliefs. The empirical analysis employs data from a UK sample of the 1999 Eurobarometer Survey 52.1. Results suggest that improving knowledge systematically raises individual support for clinical biotech applications such as animal cloning, while attitudes towards market-oriented biotech such as GM food remain systematically unaltered. When controlling for knowledge, significant factors within information channels were gender, perceptions of risk and, in certain applications, religiosity. Findings also support the hypothesis that knowledge driven attitudes arise from those applications where knowledge is shifted by perceived experience and thus perceived information costs are small. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Creating Legal Teeth for Toothfish: Using the Market to Protect Fish Stocks in Antarctica

Policies to protect Antarctic and Patagonian Toothfish in theSouthern Ocean are failing. Contests over sovereignty, the needfor international decisions to be approved by consensus, inabilityto physically patrol the Southern Ocean, and the political vacuumcreated by the designation of the ‘high seas’ haveeach contributed to an overfishing crisis in the Southern Oceanand Antarctica. After documenting the contours of this fishingcrisis and explaining how international law is unable to preventit, this article proposes a fundamental shift in strategy awayfrom supply-side controls that require a presence in Antarcticawhere the overfishing occurs. Lawmakers must utilise more rigorousdemand-side measures if Toothfish stocks are to be preservedand allowed to recover.