The Feminisation of Agriculture with Chinese Characteristics

The objectives of this article are to assess whether or not the feminisation of agriculture is occurring in China, and if so, to measure its impact on productivity. To meet these objectives, we rely on three data sets that allow us to explore who works on China's farms and the effects of the labour allocation decisions of rural households on productivity. We find that since the late 1990s, the role of women has increased in both the supply of farm labour and in the duties that they take on in the management of farms. While this expansion is important, we further demonstrate that when women do a majority of farm work or manage the farm, their farms are equally efficient as farms managed by men.     

美国农业产业化体系及其对我国的启示

美国农业产业化经营经过近百年的发展,目前已形成产前、产中和产后诸环节紧密连结的体系. 美国的农业产业化体系 美国农业产业化经过数十年的发展,已经形成了一整套完整的体系,首先是集生产、加工、销售为一体的经营组织体系;其次是100多年来逐步形成的法律法规体系再次是完善的社会化的服务体系.     

秋来硕果挂满枝——中共中央政治局常委、中央政法委书记周永康率中共代表团访朝侧记

十月的平壤,天高云淡,秋色宜人。大街上到处飘扬着朝鲜国旗和劳动党党旗,人们沉浸在朝鲜劳动党成立65周年的喜庆气氛中。应朝鲜劳动党中央委员会的邀请,中共中央政治局常委、中央政法委书记周永康率中国共产党代表团于2010年10月9—11日对朝鲜进行正式友好访问。这是一次喜庆之行、友谊之行,推动了中朝友好合作关系发展,引起了全世界的关注。     

又踏层峰望眼开——中共中央政治局常委、中央政法委书记周永康访问印度侧记

六十年前,中印正式建交,两国相互信任、相互支持的巨手越过喜马拉雅山脉紧紧相握,成就一段患难见真情的历史佳话,六十年过去,中印关系走过“不惑”与“半百”,如今喜迎“甲子”,在风云激荡的国际舞台上更显自信与成熟。站在新的历史起点,面临国际政治经济格局大变革大调整大发展的时代新机遇,中印作为世界上最大的发展中国家和新兴经济体,如何在后金融危机时代趋利避害走稳强国之路,加强合作实现共同发展,携手并进共创世界和平与繁荣,是两国共同面临的问题。     

The Structure of Government Intervention in African Agriculture

This article examines the determinants of various rates of agricultural subsidies (output, input, exchange rate distortions, and aggregate) using commodity-level data from eight African countries in the 1980s. Econometric results indicate that structural adjustment policies were more effective in reforming exchange rate distortions than in liberalising commodity markets. Output policies are determined within the national context while input subsidies are more responsive to commodity-specific conditions. Further-more, agricultural subsidies were strongly influenced by the degree of urbanisation and by the number of people per unit of arable land in a manner consistent with cheap food policy strategies.     

Agriculture in and beyond the Haitian catastrophe

Although the devastation from Haiti’s 2010 earthquake was concentrated in Port-au-Prince, it had deep agrarian roots. This paper situates Haiti’s urban poverty in the chronic exploitation of the country’s peasant classes as a basis for assessing the competing contemporary visions for agricultural development. We argue that the post-earthquake reconstruction has fortified a neoliberal development that is incompatible with the aspirations of the Haitian peasantry. Given the interrelated power of domestic elites and international donors, and the proliferation of disconnected development projects, we conclude that any prospect for pro-poor development hinges on the growth and collaboration of peasant movements.     

莫道天涯无知己 非洲何人不知君——中共中央政治局常委、中央政法委书记周永康访问苏丹、南非侧记

2009年11月16-21日，中共中央政治局常委、中央政法委书记周永康率中国共产党代表团访问了苏丹和南非：这次访问是应两国执政党苏丹全国大会党和南非非洲人国民大会（非国大）的邀请进行的.我参与了访问的全过程，有幸亲身经历这一必将载人中非友好史册的重大事件，亲身感受非洲人民对中国共产党和中国人民的深情厚谊，亲耳聆听中非双方领导人对中非合作的战略思考。现将自己的一些见闻写出来，与读者共享.     

The Formal Divide: Customary Rights and the Allocation of Credit to Agriculture in Tanzania

It is generally held that one mechanism to enable inclusive growth in Tanzania is enabling farmers to access credit to raise productivity and incomes. The formalisation of property rights in Tanzania is being undertaken by a multiplicity of actors at great expense to donors, individuals and the government. While there have been a variety of different justifications for allocating Certificates of Customary Rights of Occupancy (CCROs) to farmers in Tanzania, perhaps the most prominent argument is that it will enable farmers to finally overcome the divide between ‘informal’ customary rights and the formal banking sector. CCROs would provide the collateral that would induce banks to lend money to small-scale farmers. As part of a six-year investigation in Manyara, Mbeya and Dodoma regions, our research team evaluated the impact of formalisation on farmers’ access to credit. The paper will present the results while pointing to the continuing institutional and market imperfections that perpetuate the formal divide.     

论欧盟在联合国中的地位和作用

自20世纪50年代开始的欧洲一体化不仅仅是一个以欧洲大陆为地域范围,对内不断深化和扩展经济与社会整合的进程,也同时是欧洲面向国际社会时独立地位不断加强,影响力不断提升的过程.