Legal jurisdiction over malware-related crimes: From theories of jurisdiction to solid practical application

As far as malware-related crimes are concerned, extra territorial jurisdiction and the law of extradition need one another to work perfectly, but there has never been a standard universal rule governing them. While Universality Principle can be argued to be the most ideal solution to the problem, it is opposed by the supporters of the notion of self-regulation of the internet, not to mention it lacks the required universal support. Thus the determination of the issues has to be based on the analysis of existing measures of practical applications.     

Medicare program; carrier jurisdiction for claims for durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, and supplies (DMEPOS)--HCFA. Final rule

This final rule would address the provisions of section 1834(a)(12) of the Social Security Act that authorizes us to designate one carrier for one or more regions to process all claims within that region. It incorporates in regulations the four designated carriers that will process claims for durable medical equipment, prosthetics, orthotics, supplies and certain other items covered under Part B of Medicare. We expect the above changes to lead to more efficient and economical administration of the Medicare program.     

Administrative review process for adjudicating initial disability claims. Final rule

The Social Security Administration is committed to providing the high quality of service the American people expect and deserve. In light of the significant growth in the number of disability claims and the increased complexity of those claims, the need to make substantial changes in our disability determination process has become urgent. We are publishing a final rule that amends our administrative review process for applications for benefits that are based on whether you are disabled under title II of the Social Security Act (the Act), or applications for supplemental security income (SSI) payments that are based on whether you are disabled or blind under title XVI of the Act. We expect that this final rule will improve the accuracy, consistency, and timeliness of decision-making throughout the disability determination process.     

Medicare program; aggregation of Medicare claims for administrative appeals--HCFA. Final rule

Medicare beneficiaries and, under certain circumstances, providers, physicians and other entities furnishing health care services may appeal adverse determinations regarding certain claims for benefits payable under part A and part B of Medicare. For administrative appeals at the carrier or intermediary hearing level or administrative law judge (ALJ) level and for any subsequent judicial review, the amount remaining in dispute must meet or exceed threshold amounts set by statute. Section 1869(b)(2) of the Social Security Act permits claims to be aggregated to reach the ALJ hearing threshold amounts. This final rule establishes a system of aggregation under which individual appellants have one set of requirements for aggregating claims and two or more appellants have a different set of requirements for aggregating claims.     

Food labeling: health claims; D-tagatose and dental caries. Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is adopting as a final rule, without change, the provisions of the interim final rule that amended the regulation authorizing a health claim on sugar alcohols and dental caries, i.e., tooth decay, to include the sugar D-tagatose as a substance eligible for the dental caries health claim. FDA is taking this action to complete the rulemaking initiated with the interim final rule.     

The proposed changes to the final privacy rule suggest a disturbing reduction in an individual's ability to exercise a right to healthcare privacy

The author contends that, in eliminating HIPAA's mandatory consent requirement, which is the initial step in the patient's Patient Consent exercise of the right to health information privacy, DHHS has turned its back on privacy protection. She posits that the proposed change is the result of a disturbing focus on an elimination of the industry's administrative burdens, rather than on the protection of patient healthcare information. The article concludes that elimination of the consent requirement is a step backwards in the arena of personal privacy.     

从"钓鱼执法"谈如何加强我国警察权行使的法律规制

随着一些行政违法案件日益组织化、智能化和复杂化,采用常规的检查手段已经难以满足打击和制裁违法行为的需要,于是＂钓鱼式＂行政执法便应运而生。＂钓鱼式＂行政执法是否具有合理性和合法性,可谓众说纷纭、莫衷一是。在现代国家中,警察权是与公民联系最密切的公共权力之一,它以限制人的自由为主要特征。警察权的特殊性,决定了警察权的行使直接涉及公民的人身自由和财产,关系到人民群众的生命安危和切身利益。所以,为了防止警察权被滥用,规范警察行政执法,必须加强对警察权的法律规制。     

HIPAA administrative simplification: standards for electronic health care claims attachments. Proposed rule

This rule proposes standards for electronically requesting and supplying particular types of additional health care information in the form of an electronic attachment to support submitted health care claims data. It would implement some of the requirements of the Administrative Simplification subtitle of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996.     

Food labeling: nutrient content claims, expansion of the nutrient content claim "lean". Final rule

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its food labeling regulations for the expanded use of the nutrient content claim "lean" on the labels of foods categorized as "mixed dishes not measurable with a cup" that meet certain criteria for total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol content. This final rule responds to a nutrient content claim petition submitted by Nestlé Prepared Foods Co. (Nestlé) under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act). This action is also being taken to provide reliable information that would assist consumers in maintaining healthy dietary practices.     

Medicare program; elimination of statement of intent procedures for filing Medicare claims. Final rule

This final rule removes the written statement of intent (SOI) procedures, set forth in 42 CFR 424.45, used to extend the time for filing Medicare claims. In the absence of an SOI, providers and suppliers (and, where applicable, beneficiaries) have from 15 to 27 months (depending on the date of service) to file claims with Medicare contractors.