Can Theories of Meaning and Reference Solve the Problem of Legal Determinacy?

Abstract. A number of important legal theorists have recently argued for metaphysically realist approaches to legal determinacy grounded in particular semantic theories or theories of reference, in particular views of meaning and reference based on the works of Putnam and Kripke. The basic position of these theorists is that questions of legal interpretation and legal determinacy be approached through semantic meaning. However, the role of authority (in the form of lawmaker choice) in law in general and democratic systems in particular require that these realist “solutions” to the problem of legal determinacy be rejected or at least significantly revised.     

An Economic Analysis of the American and the Continental Rule for Allocating Legal Costs

A well-known conclusion from the standard model of litigation is that a transition from the American to the Continental rule for the allocation of legal costs will lead to an increase in the number of trials. The standard model, however, neglects the fact that the rule for allocating legal costs may also influence whether or not a potential injurer engages in a harmful activity. When this choice is endogenized, the conclusion derived from the standard model does not appear to be generally valid. A transition from the American to the Continental rule may lead to a decrease in the number of trials. Furthermore, the transition may result in an improvement in efficiency.     

农村养老问题法律研究

我国已进入老龄化社会,且农村的老年人要远多于城市,相对于城市老年人来说,农村老年人的养老问题更值得关注。因此,在对农村老年人养老中出现的问题进行调查的基础上,提出如何才能从法律制度的完善及相关的社会养老体系的建立方面使农村老人老有所养。     

The Miscegenation/Same‐Sex Marriage Analogy: What Can We Learn from Legal History?

It has become commonplace among historically inclined legal scholars to look to the history of the United States' elimination of bans on mixed-race sexual relationships for guidance about the recent controversy over same-sex marriage. This article argues that, while the analogy is helpful, it is not perfect because of the particular historical circumstances of the battle over antimiscegenation laws. Because regulations against interracial marriage were at the heart of defining and perpetuating the political and institutional system of white supremacy, they served a different purpose than the bans on same-sex marriage. The analogy can be pursued, however, to promote a critical consideration of the history of marriage as a heteronormative institution, generating a broader agenda for empowering change. Such a use of history takes the experience of the struggle against the antimiscegenation regime as a cautionary tale rather than a guidepost.     

法律语言技术化与法的现代性问题

追求精确的目标使法律发展出了一套专门语言,这种语言在许多方面与日常语言不同。法律的科学化带来了法律语言的技术化,法律语言作为专家语言日益与日常语言分离,伴随这种分离的是生活世界与系统的分离。语言是存在的家,生活世界存在于日常语言中,技术语言泛化带来生活世界的殖民化。法的现代性问题源于语言的分裂。交往行动与日常语言密不可分,只有实现技术语言与日常语言的有机融合,才能实现沟通理性对工具理性的治理。     

交易成本与区域经济合作

交易成本对国家间的经济合作具有重要影响。区域经济合作的实质是区域内不同主体之间的权利交换,即交易。合作制度是对交易条件的相关规定。合作制度的选择,也就是现有条件下的交易成本最小化选择。区域的具体特点不同,相互之间所需的交易条件不一样,合作制度也不一样。     

The Economic Legal Attribute of the Money

货币不仅是一种现实财富,具有一般物和资本的两种属性,而且货币本身就是一种法权关系的体现,也更是现代市场经济国家干预宏观经济的重要介质.从货币与公平、货币与平等以及货币与财产的关系等角度发现,并肯定货币的经济法属性,将有助于揭示经济法的本质内涵.     

货币的经济法属性

货币不仅是一种现实财富,具有一般物和资本的两种属性,而且货币本身就是一种法权关系的体现,也更是现代市场经济国家干预宏观经济的重要介质。从货币与公平、货币与平等以及货币与财产的关系等角度发现,并肯定货币的经济法属性,将有助于揭示经济法的本质内涵。     

发展海南国际旅游岛游艇经济的法律探讨

海南国际旅游岛建设需要大力发展游艇经济产业,鼓励和扶持游艇经济产业发展已是海南国际旅游岛建设的一项重要内容之一。海南发展游艇经济产业,具有得天独厚的优势,利用海南经济特区立法权,制定有关游艇经济产业发展的法规,充分营造游艇经济产业良好的法制环境,是当务之急。     

技术秘密侵权案中公知技术的法律问题研究

由于技术秘密权利边界的模糊性和内容的广泛性,现实中有人随意地将一些不属于技术秘密的技术信息纳入技术秘密的范畴请求保护。由此,法院在审理技术秘密的案件中,有必要分清受保护的技术秘密和不受保护的公知技术,将技术秘密留给权利人,将公知技术留给社会公众。在这种平衡过程中,合理确定技术秘密的范围是审理的关键。     

Fixed Investment and Economic Growth in China

This paper attempts to investigate empirically the investment-growth relationship in China. Using the exogeneity framework pioneered by Engle et al. (1983) and Engle and Hendry (1993), we find that fixed investment is a key determinant of China's economic growth, which, surprisingly, has not been rigorously examined in the literature. The super exogeneity test results suggest that there exists a robust (or structurally invariant) relationship between capital formation and income growth, thereby giving credence to policy evaluation.     

知识产权出资的法律问题

知识产权作为一种无形资产,具有其本身的财产价值,同时,也是许多公司赖以经营的重要手段和条件,随着社会生产力的发展和生产方式的变革,知识产权在公司经营中的作用和地位日愈突出,知识产权已成为重要的法定出资形式之一.然而,公司法有关知识产权出资的法律规定,与实践中的出资需求不甚符合;对知识产权利用中的一些理论概念的模糊认识,亦影响实践中对知识产权的正确利用.     

The Legal Service of an Economic Branch Ministry

In December 1970, the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers adopted a decree "On Improving Legal Work in the Economy" (1), which is of key importance to further developing and improving that work. The decree notes that the significance of legal work in the economy has increased under the conditions of implementing the economic reform, expanding the rights of enterprises, ministries, and agencies, enlarging the role of business contracts, and effecting measures to improve the methods of leadership in government and the economy.     

法律定性与经济分析——评兰德斯与波斯纳的《侵权法的经济结构》

兰德斯与波斯纳的《侵权法的经济结构》是本集大成之作,但其以管制的投入产出模型去分析具自治本质的侵权法,必然是失败的。在大多数情况,兰德斯与波斯纳将防害投入仅限于物理资源,因此交易成本以及冲突活动间的价值抵换,都被排除在考虑之外。但问题是,前者正是制度选择的基础,而后者则是正确计算社会损失的保证,因此其模型就空空如也。其结果是:一、将侵害人的效益加入了故意侵权之分析;二、在分析各种赔偿责任制的利弊时,混淆了(事前)无责任制与(事后)个案中侵害人的无庸负责;三、在过失认定时,恰好颠倒了侵害人应适用的高低标准。漠视法律定性(基于制度分工),经济分析将无所附丽。     

法律实证主义的问题意识

法律实证主义作为西方法哲学史上与自然法学派相对立的思想流派.始终饱受误解和质疑.法律实证主义的"问题意识"是深入领会其良苦用心和精神实质的关键.自然法学派与法律实证主义的法律观都具有批判与保守、灵活与随意、确定与僵化的两面性.法律实证主义以"形式正义"取代"实质正义",以"合法性"诠释"正当性",是对自然法的绝对性、抽象性、不确定性等形而上学固有缺陷深刻认识的结果,反映了法律实证主义深刻的问题意识.因之,法律实证主义在实践上具有更稳健、妥切、现实的品格.法律实证主义以特殊的方式理解和处理了正当性观念,它与自然法学派的关系与其说是本体论上的对立,不如说是认识论和方法论上的发展、补充和超越,由此二者才能共同支撑和维护西方法治文明的大厦.     

关子电子货币的法律问题

电子货币的产生与发展给各国的金融机构、法律执行机构等提出了许多新的问题.它既使金融服务、电子商务等领域产生更大效益,又使这一新事物产生许多新的法律关系.只有对电子货币的一些法律问题给予解决才能为电子货币的普及与应用扫除障碍.     

农村房屋买卖存在的问题及法律对策

在农村房屋买卖领域,一个突出的变化,就是购买主体由以前的集体经济组织内部成员扩大到外村村民甚至城镇居民。如何解决好这一变化引发的新问题,已成为当务之急。笔者通过对相关立法、实践的思考,认为对于此种农村房屋买卖只能是宜疏不宜堵。但宅基地使用权连同房屋所有权转移应受一定限制,法律对此应作出明确规定,以便对农村房屋买卖加以引导,从根本上减少纠纷的产生,推动社会主义新农村及和谐社会的建立。