The DutchAlgemene Rekenkamer and its role in light of contemporary theory

European Journal of Law and Economics - In this article I try to find answers for three questions: Which functions are exercised by the Court of Audit in the Netherlands, and what kinds of...     

论经济犯罪的轻刑化

轻刑化是刑罚发展的总趋势。在这一趋势指引下,刑罚的设置和适用表现出比以前相对较轻的发展势态。本文以经济犯罪为切入点,探讨我国经济犯罪重刑化的表现和危害,分析了经济犯罪轻刑化依据,并对经济犯罪轻刑化的途径作了初步探索。     

The human ear: its role in forensic practice

The human ear has much to offer investigators in relation to many areas of forensic practice including forensic pathology, anthropology, identification and facial reconstruction and yet its full potential is often overlooked. This review paper explores current knowledge related to the human ear drawing attention to those situations where the ear could play a valuable role in a forensic investigation.     

鉴定纠纷及其解决机制——基于民事司法鉴定的实践逻辑

在当今民事司法实践中,当事人与为法院提供司法鉴定意见的社会鉴定机构及其鉴定人就相关鉴定问题频起纷争,一度还衍生出暴力事件.追根溯源,鉴定纠纷起源于民事司法,是民事庭审的鉴定争议解决机制功能失灵与民事纠纷的案件结构等多重因素共同诱导的结果.然而,国家提供的公力救济与当事人寻求的私力救济皆证明,脱离原审法院的鉴定纠纷解决机制,事实上都进退维谷,而且促使鉴定纠纷扩大化.鉴定纠纷不单反映民事司法问题与鉴定技术问题,它也是当事人双方深层社会矛盾的表现.所以,国家应对鉴定纠纷,就应树立"复合解决/治理"的理念与体系,但关键在于实现民事司法解决鉴定争议的制度功能;同时,基于当事人强烈的制度需求,国家也应重塑合理可行的鉴定纠纷解决机制.     

关于改革开放30年党的建设理论和实际经验的思考

如何深刻地认识和总结党的建设的光辉历程和宝贵经验,对于我们全面深刻地认识这30年的历史,深入贯彻落实党的十七大精神,在新的历史起点上全面推进党的建设新的伟大工程、开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面,具有重大而深远的意义.从学术研究的角度出发,总结改革开放30年党的建设的光辉历程和宝贵经验,本文认为:改革开放30年党的建设最鲜明的特点是改革创新;改革开放30年党的建设最突出的标志是政党转型:改革开放30年党的建设最显著的成就是党内民主和谐.     

中国刑事司法的实践困境

刑事司法程序是本次中国司法文明指数体系的一个的重要一级指标,我们选取了6项二级指标进行了评估,通过问卷调查和数据分析,可以得出以下结论 :刑事司法程序没有全面贯彻无罪推定原则,侦查行为的合法性和有效性亟待提升,审查起诉活动需要严格规范,刑事审判的公正性缺乏保障,刑事执行存在违规保外就医、不当减刑等问题,刑事司法缺少有效的诉讼救济途径。     

Academic engagement with industry: the role of research quality and experience

The Journal of Technology Transfer - This work explores the role of university department characteristics in academic engagement with industry. In particular, we investigate the role played by...     

壮族人群3个STR基因座基因频率分布及其法医学应用

研究3个STR基因座（D21S11、HumFGA、D19S253）在广西壮族人群中的基因频率分布及其在实际检案中的应用价值。以自制等位基因Ladder样品作为标准对照,用PCR结合PAGE技术对3个STR基因座的扩增产物进行分型。结果显示：D21S11基因座有14个等位基因,有44个基因型;HumFGA基因座有15个等位基因,40个基因型;D195253基因座有9个等位基因,23个基因型。经检验,3个STR基因座基因型分布均符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡,累计个体识别力（DP）为0．9995。3个STR基因座在壮族人群属高识别力遗传标记系统,在法医学个体识别及亲权鉴定方面有重要价值。     

Ultraviolet radiation and its role in wound pattern documentation.

The history of ultraviolet illumination in photography is discussed. Particular attention is devoted to the forensic aspects of ultraviolet photography as it relates to patterned injury on human skin. The authors discuss the theory underlying ultraviolet illumination of wounds on skin as well as the equipment required for this type of imaging.     

The Dutch experience

Euthanasia has been legally sanctioned in the Netherlands by a series of court decisions going back to the 1970s. The author discusses the cultural and historical factors that may have contributed to this development. In the past decade, studies sanctioned by the Dutch government reveal that guidelines established for the regulation of euthanasia--a voluntary, well-considered, persistent request, intolerable suffering that cannot be relieved, consultation with a colleague, and reporting of cases--are consistently violated. Of greatest concern is the number of patients who are put to death without their consent--there are more involuntary than voluntary cases. Euthanasia intended originally for the exceptional case has become an accepted way of dealing with the physical and mental distress of serious or terminal illness. In the process palliative care has become one of the casualties while hospice care lags behind that of other countries. Case examples are given.     

The modern concepts of placental pathology and its role in perinatal mortality in the context of forensic medical practice

The modern concepts of placental pathology are considered and analysed in the context of forensic medical practice. The most promising approaches to the application of fundamental knowledge of placental pathology (including morphometric methods) for the purpose of forensic medical expertise are discussed.     

The acetaminophen experience in south Florida

Toxicology records of the Dade County Medical Examiner Department were reviewed for the years 1972 to 1981. Any case in which acetaminophen was detected, regardless of the cause of death, was included in the study. Of 95 cases where acetaminophen was detected, no trends were observable in age, sex, or race. Acetaminophen deaths have increased in recent years, probably because of increased marketing of products containing this substance. Some two thirds of the cases involved suicides or accidental deaths, with 40 cases being directly attributable to overdose with a variety of drugs. It is suggested that acetaminophen may be a useful indicator of polydrug overdoses.     

Methadone and its role in drug-related fatalities in Cologne 1989-2000

All drug-associated deaths from 1989 to 2000 were analysed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Cologne. Information concerning sex, gender, drug consumption, time, place and circumstances of death were analysed. A number of 605 cases were recorded; in 518 cases a toxicological analysis was possible and in 171 an autopsy was performed. When it was possible to determine the cause of death form the information available, acute drug intoxication was recorded in 65%. Heroin head the list of identified substances. Sixty-three percent of the specimens showed a combination of several substances, especially a combination of morphine, benzodiazepines, other medications and alcohol. In comparison with other studies the percentage of methadone-positive specimens is low, even though the proportion of specimens positive for methadone increased from 1989 to 2000. This analysis is discussed using background information concerning the management of substitution therapy and the available literature.     

论以人为本的价值向度和实践尺度

以人为本的价值向度集中体现在经济、政治、文化和社会发展等方面。它是经济发展的重要指针,民主政治的重要标尺,文化进步的重要动力,社会发展的基本方向,实际工作的重要原则。以人为本的实践尺度可以归结为以下方面:既反对认识不足,又反对宣传过头;既不能离开物质条件,又反对唯物质条件;既承认具体利益的差异,又强调共同的价值观;既要重视个人利益,又要反对个人利益至上;既要持之以恒,又要量力而行。