Sudden death due to an unrecognized cardiac hydatid cyst

Echinococcosis is an endemic disease, most common in sheep-raising communities, usually caused by the larval or cyst stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Isolated cardiac hydatid cyst is uncommon at any age, occurs through the coronary circulation, and accounts for less than 3% of all hydatid disease. We describe a case of an 1%-year-old female, who died suddenly. The post-mortem examination revealed an isolated cyst in the left ventricle of the heart with intact wall. The cytologic examination of the cyst fluid demonstrated the presence of the characteristic scolices and hooklets and established the diagnosis of cardiac hydatid cyst. The present case is of special interest because of the rare primary localization and the onset of sudden death in a young person as the initial manifestation of the disease.     

Sudden death caused by hydatid embolism

An 18-year-old man died on the spot during a foot race. Previously, he had been in a healthy condition. Since the cause of his sudden death was unknown, a forensic autopsy was carried out. The autopsy revealed hydatid cysts in the right ventricle of the heart some of which had embolized the pulmonary arteries. In case of sudden death in endemic areas the possibility of a hydatid disease should be taken into consideration.     

Spontaneous rupture of the liver associated with a primary angiosarcoma: case report

A case of fatal spontaneous rupture of the liver caused by primary angiosarcoma is described. Spontaneous rupture of the liver is a rare clinical and pathological entity associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Possible causes include infections such as hydatid disease, infiltrating conditions such as amyloidosis, inflammatory disorders such as the vasculitides, malignant and benign tumors, and tumorlike conditions. As in the case presented, the finding of a ruptured liver raises the possibility of blunt abdominal trauma, and the circumstances and scene should be assessed. The possibility of terminal resuscitation attempts should also be considered as a possible cause.     

一例因福尔马林治疗肝包虫病引发的医疗纠纷——以医学与法学为视角

因福尔马林治疗肝包虫病引发的医疗纠纷案例比较罕见。从医学视角看,该案例中造成不良损害后果的机理是因福尔马林对胆道系统的损伤和/或包虫头节阻塞造成梗阻性黄疸,同时在患者本身肝功能受损的共同作用下最终导致了施行肝移植手术。从法学视角看,该案例中选择鉴定机构的方法、损伤参与度的应用及对伤残评定适用标准的探讨对医疗纠纷案件的处理有借鉴意义。     

Sudden Death Due to Hydatid Disease: A Six‐Year Study in the Northern Part of Tunisia

Human ecchinococcosis also known as hydatid disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the tapeworm Ecchinococcus with 2–3 Million cases worldwide. We hereby report a 6 years period study of Sudden death due to hydatidosis aiming to analyze the epidemiological criteria, death circumstances, and autopsy observations attributed to hydatid disease. During the past 6 years, 26 death cases were due to hydatid disease. Our analysis shows that the sex ratio (M/F) was 1.6, the mean age was 31‐year old, and 65% of the subjects lived in rural places. In 17 cases, death occurred in the victim's place, five victims died after a heavy exercise, and in two cases, death occurred immediately after trauma. At autopsy, 91% of the cysts were found in the liver. In three cases, death followed a septic state, and in two cases, it followed an acute respiratory failure. Death was attributed to anaphylaxis in 17 cases.     

An Analysis of Possible Mechanisms of Unexpected Death Occurring in Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis)

Abstract:  Most cases of hydatid disease in human populations are due to Echinococcus granulosus. The hydatid life cycle involves passage between definitive hosts such as dogs and intermediate hosts such as sheep. Humans become accidental intermediate hosts following ingestion of food or water contaminated with eggs or by contact with infected dogs. Although hydatid disease may remain asymptomatic, occasional cases of sudden and unexpected death present to autopsy. Causes of rapid clinical decline involve a wide range of mechanisms including anaphylaxis (with or without cyst rupture), cardiac outflow obstruction or conduction tract disturbance, pulmonary and cerebral embolism, pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, myocardial ischemia, pulmonary hypertension, peritonitis, hollow organ perforation, intracerebral mass effect, obstructive hydrocephalus, seizures, cerebral ischemia/infarction, and pregnancy complications. The autopsy assessment of cases therefore requires careful examination of all organ systems for characteristic cystic lesions, as multiorgan involvement is common, with integration of findings so that possible mechanisms of death can be determined. Measurement of serum tryptase and specific IgE levels should be undertaken for possible anaphylaxis.     

Sudden death due to an unrecognized cardiac hydatid cyst: three medicolegal autopsy cases

Echinococcosis is a human infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcocus granulosus. The most common sites of infection are the liver and the lungs. Cardiac hydatid cysts are very rare, even in regions where hydatic cysts are endemic (the Mediterranean, South America, Africa, and Australia). It has been reported that cardiac involvement is seen in about 0.5-3% of human echinococcosis cases. Three cases of cardiac hydatid disease that caused sudden death and which were histopathologically diagnosed are reported. Cardiac echinococcosis is rare, but due to its insidious presentation and affinity to cause sudden death, it is important that it be identified in the histopathological examination.     

Cardiac hydatid cyst rupture as cause of death

Echinococcosis is a frequent parasitic human infection in sheep-farming areas. It is caused by the larval or the cyst stage of a tapeworm, mainly Echinococcus granulosis. Humans can be infected by ingesting tapeworm eggs, from which cysts will be developed mostly in the liver and the lung. Cardiac involvement of echinococcosis is rare and its clinical evolution is silent till the complication stage. A young adult died suddenly. The autopsy showed a ruptured hydatid cyst hollowed on the right side of the interventricular septum, protruding in the ventricle. The left pulmonary artery contained white-colored fragments of a membrane, similar to the one found in the right ventricle, associated to small vesicles. All these elements were obstructing this vessel, extending to small pulmonary arterial branches. Dissection of the other organs did not show other locations. Microscopic examinations ascertained the diagnosis of echinococcosis. Death was imputed to a right ventricular hydatid cyst rupture with pulmonary artery embolism.     

Echinococcal hydatid cyst at the right ventricle outlet with leakage to the pulmonary artery outflow causing follicular airway disease and sudden death

Postmortem examination of a 35-year-old parous woman who died suddenly revealed a hydatid cyst mass located at the right ventricular outlet, with a grossly discernible defect opening to the pulmonary outflow tract. Pulmonary hemorrhage, follicular bronchitis, and bronchiolitis also were present, with severe acute purulent exudation in the airways. Hydatid cyst complications must be kept in mind when dealing with sudden deterioration and death in patients who are residents of regions where echinococcosis is endemic.     

Preparation of high-titre anti-P1 sera for blood typing in man

For the last 25 years, antisera for testing P1 in man have been obtained by i.v. injections in goats using hydatid cyst fluid from livers of pigs infected by Echinococcus granulosus. Due to the fact that this antigen has become very rare today, efforts have been made by the authors to substitute it by different antigens and to save antigen by modifying the technique of immunisation as well. By this, very high titres up to 1:4096 could be reached after specification absorption.     

论案件事实的“重建”方法

侦查阶段查明和认定的案件事实,是运用证据“重建”的法律中规定的案件事实,“重建”的案件事实是对客观事实的虚拟性再现。“重建”案件事实的方法主要有:搜集材料,识别案件的事实特征;分析案情,在思维上建构案件事实;查证核实,重新评价建构的案件事实;完善证据,确认案件事实。     

构建民事再审立案审查程序的思考

民事再审立案审查程序包括申诉复查案件的立案受理 (即立卷 )、审查、通知驳回或裁定再审三个主要环节 ,它与再审程序共同构成了我国完整意义上的民事审判监督程序。近年来 ,随着民事审判监督制度和审判方式改革的深入以及再审案件立审分立制度的推行 ,民事再审立案审查程序三个主要环节上存在的问题逐渐暴露出来。为此 ,应当反思和完善民事再审立案审查程序的基本原则 ,并从申诉复查案件立案受理条件、审查组织形式、审查方式、审查期限、再审立案标准、再审立案审批程序、诉讼文书样式等方面来考虑民事再审立案审查程序的构建。     

自侦案件“以事立案”模式论析

检察机关在自侦案件中应当摒弃“以人立案”的做法,并采取“以事立案”的模式,才能符合职务犯罪发案的客观规律,避免初查和侦查工作在衔接关系上的错位,并对自侦工作产生积极的促进效果和作用。要实现从“以人立案”到“以事立案”模式的转变,需要正确处理好立案与破案、立案与撤案和撤案与错案的关系。     

告密、良心自由与现代合法性的困境——法哲学视野中的告密者难题

告密者案件不是一般意义的疑难案件，而是一个“根本性的疑难案件”，其中不仅牵涉到法律解释的争议，也牵涉到对法律合法性的争议。德国法院对告密者案件的真实裁决是审慎严谨的，比起哈特的方案，这些裁决更合于法律实证主义忠于法律的宗旨。拉德布鲁赫和富勒对这个案件的建议都比哈特方案更好，哈特方案并不能回避恶法非法的问题。纳粹统治时期司法沦为犯罪工具，法官丧失良心自由，这是现代社会真实的合法性困境。     

Different Mechanisms of Decapitation: Three Classic and One Unique Case History

Abstract: Three classic cases and one exceptional case are reported. The unique case of decapitation took place in a traffic accident, while the others were seen after homicide, vehicle‐assisted suicide, and after long‐jump hanging. Thorough scene examinations were performed, and photographs from the scene were available in all cases. Through the autopsy of each case, the mechanism for the decapitation in each case was revealed. The severance lines were through the neck and the cervical vertebral column, except for in the motor vehicle accident case, where the base of skull was fractured. This case was also unusual as the mechanism was blunt force. In the homicide case, the mechanism was the use of a knife combined with a saw, while in the two last cases, a ligature made the cut through the neck. The different mechanisms in these decapitations are suggested.     

医疗事故赔偿纠纷与医疗服务合同纠纷案件的比较

由于目前实际存在着医疗事故赔偿和人身损害赔偿的双重标准,于是在医疗纠纷诉讼案件中,患者可以选择医疗服务合同纠纷作为诉讼案由,以回避医疗事故技术鉴定和医疗事故赔偿标准。虽然根据法律的规定患者有选择案由的主动权,但在诉讼中究竟选择侵权之诉还是违约之诉,仍要具体情况具体分析。     

同案被告人口供的证据价值研究

传统观点认为,同案被告人与案件结果存在利害关系,因此其不具有证人资格。随着世界范围内证人资格的扩张,案件的利害关系逐渐与证人资格脱离开来,同案被告人开始取得了作证的资格,其供述可以作为证人证言使用。当然,同案被告人与案件利害关系的强弱影响到其证言的证明力。具体来说,同案共犯之间由于存在直接利害关系,其口供在一般情况下需要补强;而同案非共犯以及非同案共犯与案件不存在利害关系,因此其口供证明力较强,无需补强即可作为定案依据。     

不作为的诈骗罪与不当得利的界分

刑民分界是近年来我国法学研究中的一个热点问题。在实践中，多数案件都可以明确地界定为刑事案件或者民事案件。但是，对于那些处于刑事和民事边缘“模糊地带”的案件应当如何处理，是司法机关面临的一个难题。     

BDMPEA毒品的GC／MS分析

目的　建立了BDMPEA毒品的提取检验方法。　方法　采用GC/MS方法进行检验BDMPEA(溴 2 ,5二甲氧基苯乙胺 )物质。　结果　从缉获的毒品片剂中检出了BDMPEA、麻黄素、非那西汀、咖啡因、巴比妥及茶碱等物质。结论　为我国禁毒有关部门统计和追踪该类毒品提供了相关参考资料。     

Natural Law: Alive and Kicking? A Look at the Constitutional Morality of Sexual Privacy in Ireland

Abstract. This article discusses the role of moral argument in the Constitutional case law of the Irish courts. It looks at the debate on the constitutional morality of sexuality in four major cases: a 1973 case protecting the right to use contraceptives; a 1984 case which upholds discrimination against gay men; a 1987 case limiting access to abortion information; and a 1992 case which finds a limited right to abortion in the Constitution. These cases show the role of the courts in contributing to a debate on political morality, both proposing new visions of political morality, and elaborating on the requirements of the current one.