英美诽谤法的特殊抗辩事由研究

英美诽谤法为实现保护言论自由和尊重个人名誉的平衡,设计了诸多精细的特殊抗辩事由,包括以真实性作为完全抗辩的依据;涉及公共利益的、基于事实的、真诚的公允评论;法律授予特殊场合的特权抗辩(绝对特权和受约制特权)及制定法规定的严格责任抗辩事由.这些抗辩事由使英美法诽谤法实现了法益平衡的目的.     

The Law Union of Ontario

The Law Union of Ontario is an attempt by a small group of lawyers in an advanced capitalist society to engage in organized progressive political and legal work. This has not been easy nor has it been entirely successful.     

证据法的基本权利保障取向

证据法的理性主义传统,既要求通过理性证明的方式去查明事实真相,而非诉诸神明和暴力;又不以追求真相为最高目的,而是将其视为实现正义的手段.这种理性传统,决定了法治国家证据制度具有求真、求善的双重功能,并将公正奉为首要价值,从而奠定了基本权利保障的价值取向.我国证据法学研究和证据制度建设正在经历从义务本位向权利本位转型,权...     

科技与经济相结合的机制要靠法律保障——法国、荷兰科技法律制度考察的启示

2004年9月,我随科技部组织的中国科技法律制度考察团,赴法国和荷兰考察了两国的科技立法的情况。考察团先后访问了法国政府研究与新技术部、科技创新署、原子能委员会和Genople生物医药科技园区;荷兰政府教育科学文化部、经济部和皇家科学院等单位。考察团在与两国政府官员、科研机构和科技企业的接触中,了解了科技立法及法律实施的情况;更感受到:为了推动科技进步和技术创新,两国政府在促进科技和经济结合的机制上运用了法律手段,对其产学研组织和科技人员从事创新活动给予了保障;这一举措,是值得我国加以学习和借鉴的。一、法国和荷兰的…     

贯彻五大发展理念的法治保障

国内外某些研究认为存在一个法治与发展之间关系的中国之谜,即在中国低水平法治与高速度的经济增长同时并存。这种认识会对正在进行的全面推进依法治国造成极为不利的影响。客观来看,法治是成本最低、正义含量最高、稳定性最好、人民最期盼的治理方式。无论理论上的抽象分析,还是我国的实际选择,法治与发展的正相关关系已经勘正和重申,需要坚定地以法治思维和法治方式贯彻五大发展理念,即以法治形式明确发展规划,以法治平台凝聚发展共识,以法治机制激活发展动力,以法治手段清除发展障碍,以法治方式表达发展举措,以法治原则分配发展成果,以法治程序解决经济社会纠纷。当然,一个建立在笨法、钝法、劣法、恶法基础上的法治不足以为经济社会发展保驾护航,法治自身必须进行供给侧改革,以更好地滋养、保障和推动发展。     

Toward Normalization of Defamation Law: The U.K. Defamation Act of 2013 and the U.S. SPEECH Act of 2010 as Responses to the Issue of Libel Tourism

In the wake of several high-profile libel actions brought by U.S. celebrities and foreign businessmen in London because of more favorable defamation laws there, London was dubbed the “libel tourism capital of the world.” The U.S. response in 2010 was the passage of the SPEECH Act, preventing courts from enforcing libel judgments from foreign jurisdictions not providing the same level of protection as the United States. Similarly, in 2013 the United Kingdom responded to international and national criticism by passing the Defamation Act to address the loophole in its system that caused the abuse. Both acts have been criticized, the first for its aggressiveness, and the second for its conservative nature. This article examines the development of the law of defamation in the two jurisdictions and analyzes the content of both statutes, along with their criticisms, proposing international cooperation to address the issue of libel tourism.     

论外国法无法查明时的法律适用问题

我国关于外国法无法查明时的法律适用问题的立法及司法实践都仍存在一些不足。对于外国法无法查明时的法律适用问题,国际上主要有以下解决办法:推定外国法与法院地法相同并适用法院地法;法院地法作为辅助性准据法;驳回当事人的诉讼请求和抗辩;适用与本来应适用的法律相类似的外国法;适用辅助性连结点再次选择准据法;适用与当事人有最密切联系的国家的法律;适用一般法律原则。我国应借鉴他国法律规定的合理成分,在直接适用法院地法的做法上补之以适用与该外国法相类似的法律和与当事人有最密切联系的国家的法律以及一般法律原则作为选择。     

美国个人提起公益诉讼的程序和制度保障

个人参与公益执法是美国公益诉讼制度的一大特色。美国的法院具有解决政治问题、社会问题的诉讼职能,《行政程序法》、民事诉讼规则以及制定法对个人进行公益执法的法律授权和程序规定,又为个人提起公益诉讼提供了法律依据。美国民事诉讼法律援助制度的建立,公益诉讼案件中律师费用转移制度的设立,以及行政机关对个人进行公益执法提供的援助又为个人提起公益诉讼提供了制度保障。     

尊重和保障人权是法治国家的核心价值

人权和法治是现代文明国家的代名词。人权和法治已逐渐得到了社会的广泛认可。随着中国的不断强盛,对人权和法治认识的不断演进和发展,社会主义人权和法治逐渐开始呈现同步、协调的发展趋势。尊重和保障人权已经成为中国法治国家建设的核心价值。中国已经是世界舞台上不可或缺的大国。作为一个世界大国,中国必须扛起人权旗帜。人权是一项特殊的权利。面对未来,我国还需要继续健全人权保障体系,诸如完善人权法律制度,考虑设立国家人权机构,协助立法、行政和司法机关促进和保障人权,有组织地开展全方位的人权和法治教育。     

Toward Reform of Defamation Law in the British Caribbean: Efforts at Reform in the United Kingdom and Jamaica

The ongoing review of defamation laws by the Jamaican government has sharpened the focus on the need to identify appropriate standards for public officials in libel actions in light of the growing recognition of a need for transparency. Conventional wisdom speaks to the indispensable role of the media to inform the public of government activities to facilitate the democratic process. Jamaica's unique history of colonialism, underdevelopment and poverty has led to a political system based on pork barrel economics – inimical to government transparency so necessary in a democracy. This article explores how British, Caribbean and U.S. jurisdictions have sought to manage the paradigm shift between the right to reputation and the need to ensure responsible and accountable governance. The aim is to identify a path of reform for Caribbean defamation law that ensures greater public official accountability and better incorporates twenty-first century notions of democracy.     

立法公正的实现与保障机制

立法公正不仅包括立法程序上的公正 ,还包括立法的实体公正 ,而立法实体的公正则是经由程序公正而获得的。立法程序公正的基本要件是程序公开、程序参与、程序自治、程序中立、程序效率等。实现立法公正要进一步完善公众立法的直接参与制度、立法公开制度、立法回避制度以及立法听证制度等     

论美国法院对听审请求权的保障——从联邦最高法院判例谈起

听审请求权被美国联邦最高法院视为正当程序的重要内容在司法实践中给予了大力保障。听审请求权是指当事人就民事诉讼中的事实、证据、法律等问题有要求国家尤其是它的法院给予充分陈述其意见、主张其权利的机会,使其能富有影响地参与法院解决争议的活动的权利。美国法院认为诉诸法院的权利是听审请求权的应有之义;受通知权和到场权是听审请求权的重要内容。     

Failure to detect antihuman-immunoglobulinallotype-active antibodies in diagnostic sera directed against some enterobacteria

Diagnostic sera to determine antigenic properties of bacteria were tested to clarify the question whether these sera also contain antibodies being active against human immunoglobulin allotypes. Sera directed against various strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Shigella were found to be negative for anti-Ig-allotype activity.     

新媒体背景下的诽谤罪认定

新媒体作为现代传播体系中不可或缺的组成部分,在信息传播过程中具有信息传播的即时性与广泛性、信息平台的数字性与多样性、信息交流的自由性与持续性和信息受众的平等性与互动性等特点。因此,在新媒体的背景下,在认定诽谤罪中的散布行为时应考量“公然性”的条件;在认定损害结果时应着重传播手段的严重性;在认定犯罪主体时应根据不同的传播方式区别对待;在认定犯罪主观故意时应当包括间接故意,以此准确认定诽谤罪。     

Defining Defamation: Community in the Age of the Internet

The ability to instantly communicate with a global audience has created numerous legal uncertainties as jurists struggle to adapt age-old jurisprudence to modern-day technologies —and defamation jurisprudence is no exception. The definition of a plaintiff's community is critical to his or her ability to succeed in a defamation lawsuit, often determining whether the plaintiff is a public figure or whether the plaintiff's reputation has been injured in his or her community. This article examines federal and state defamation jurisprudence to compare the factors courts have used to define community in both traditional print and broadcast cases with the factors used in more recent Internet defamation cases. It then suggests three possible rubrics courts could employ to more uniformly define community in Internet defamation cases.     

有法不依是土地市场的毒瘤

开发商正当的逐利行为仍需法律法规的有效监管,才能形成公开、公平、公正的市场游戏规则。若政府执法力度弱,或将政令当成摆设,无异于怂恿乃至支持非正常的房价、地价上涨     

法治的胜利还是程序的失败——“黄碟案”的刑事程序法解读

尽管“黄碟案”最终以警方赔偿、道歉并处罚执法干警而尘埃落定,但我们的思考却还在继续,掩卷沉思,“黄碟案”给了我们巨大的反思空间.本文试图从刑事程序法的视角对这一事件重新进行解读,以期能够对这一事件作一番新的注解.……