Publication productivity of criminal justice faculty in criminal justice journals

An important dimension of university faculty life is publication expectation. Often the level of publication productivity is used to assess general program prestige or to evaluate individual faculty performance. The publication rates of faculty in PhD and master-level programs have been unclear. This study examined the publication rates using a general list of criminal justice journals, and a select list of the leading journals, over a five-year period. The faculty members were located in criminal justice programs that granted PhD and master degrees. Publication productivity rates were established for the two different degree level programs, and the institutions with the strongest publication rates were identified. Publication rates are only one factor used in the assessment of program quality and the relationship of publication rates to other program features is discussed.     

Comparative criminal justice

Present state of electronic technology makes it possible for state authorities to control citizens' activity in every moment oh his/her life. On the other hand none of us want to be controlled this way and democratic rights shall guarantee our privacy to be preserved. Yet proactive police techniques can be useful in protecting us against those of our co – citizens who do not respect the legal order. The criminal investigation nowadays cannot exist without using proactive techniques – no matter if it takes place in Poland or USA. Thus the problem emerges how to choose when these techniques should be used and who should make this decision. The key-guarantee of respecting human rights in this case is external control of police activities. Proactive techniques are usually kept secret; therefore control seems to be impossible. Disclosure in criminal trial is the necessary condition for preventing abuses. Post fact revealing of all the actions taken by the Police is the best way to ensure legality. Both Polish and American legal systems try to balance the right to a fair trial and efficiency of an investigation. Surveillance, infiltration and police "provocation" are used in both countries but the legal solutions are quite different; especially considering checks and balances. It seems that polish legislator intentionally omitted most strict limitations as they cause problems for state authorities. Police lobby must have been much more effective than "human rights" lobby. Analyzing the level of protection of the citizen during criminal trial, it must be noticed that current American solutions are much more appropriate.     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

LL.B., Victoria University of Wellington 1969; J.S.M., Stanford University 1972.     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

Conclusion It follows from what has been said above that history, principle, and authority combine to compel the conclusion that § 80's guarantee of trial by jury precludes a verdict of guilty being returned in a trial upon indictment of an offence against a law of the Commonwealth otherwise than by the agreement or consensus of all the jurors. That being so, § 57 of the Juries Act, 1927, cannot, consistently with § 80, operate to authorize the conviction of either of the appellants by a majority verdict. Their convictions were unconstitutional and must be set aside.The appeal should be allowed. The orders of the South Australian Court of Criminal Appeal should be set aside and in lieu thereof it should be ordered, in the case of each appellant, that the appeal to that court be allowed, that the conviction be quashed and a new trial ordered.B.A., Columbia University 1972; J.D., Hofstra University 1975.     

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice

Developments in criminal law and criminal justice     

A general model for criminal justice planning

Criminal justice agencies have fallen under harsh criticism for their seeming inability to expand and adapt at a rate commensurate with the accelerated growth of crime. A general planning model for criminal justice agencies is suggested to help effect the establishment of orderly, systematic, and continuous processes of setting objectives, anticipating the future and bringing these anticipations to bear on critical present decisions.     

Sustainable economic development: A criminal justice challenge for the 21st century

The environmental challenges of the 21^st century require co-operation between criminal justice experts and economists. Three different economics perspectives are relevant for the discipline of criminal justice in general and for adressing environmental problems in particular: neo-classical econoics, political economics and the economics of sustainable development. Criminal justice pays a role in the effort to attain sustainable development because the limitations of market based decision making necessitate a role for law and regulation in addressing environmental degradation. Sustainable development itself is relevant to the general discussion of crime. Issues of sustainable development are already discussed in criminal justice literature. While criminal law has limitations as a tool against environmental crime, it will necessarily suplement the tools of the market and civil regulation in coping with environmental problems. The inherently multidisciplinary undertaking of sustainable development will be most effectively met if experts in both economics and criminal justice understand more of one another's fields. Suggestions for including the three perspectives of economics in the criminal justice curriculum are provided.     

Some uses and misuses of research for criminal justice policy development and utilization

Criminal justice research has been extensively critized In recent years for its may shortcomings. Problems In its use appear to focus around three major areas of effort: Policy-makers, research managers, and professional researchers. This paper reviews what are seen as some of the major obstacles to quality criminal justice research in each of these areas of contemporary concern. Then, a number of suggestions are offered which are designed to improve the use of research for policy development and utilization in criminal justice.     

Ten tendencies of criminal justice

A study of the global tendencies of criminal justice will help us design a more scientific and rational pathway for the reformation of existing criminal justice system of China. In the forthcoming several hundred years to come, the world’s criminal justice is to take on ten tendencies, that is, the tendency toward unity, civilization, science, rule of law, human rights, justice, efficiency, specialization, standardization and harmony. __________ Translated from Yanshan Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexueban) 燕山大学学报 (哲学社会科学版) (Journal of Yanshan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)), 2005, (1): 1–11     

Regulating the criminal justice snooper

Existing and anticipated restrictions on the conducting of social research present several opportunities and problems for criminal justice researchers. After reviewing those restrictions, the admittedly controversial techniques of covert and concealed research are used to show how restrictions may influence the direction criminal justice research follows in the coming years. A devil's advocate role is taken and covert and concealed research is championed in order to encourage academicians and practitioners to be both aware and wary of external restrictions on the conducting of social research.     

Spatial justice and criminal victimization

Spatial variation in crime rates generally has been attributed to differences in culture, economic status, and the social organization of communities. Rarely have policies and practices of criminal justice professionals been examined as causes of this variation. If these policies and practices do place citizens at a higher risk of victimization, a sense of fairness requires that all communities in a region share equally in this increase. This article examines the spatial justice resulting from sentencing practices in Pennsylvania. It demonstrates that certain locations in Philadelphia bear an unequal burden because of these practices. The relatively high crime rates of these areas are due partly to decisions made by criminal justice professionals.