Buying stolen goods: the ambiguity in trading consumer-to-consumer

This study investigates the buying of stolen goods in Denmark. The study consists of a self-report survey based on a representative sample of the general Danish population (n = 2311) and six focus group interviews consisting of both informants experienced with buying stolen goods and of those with no experience (n = 37). The survey showed that 4.8% had bought stolen goods, while 15.7% were uncertain whether they had bought stolen goods. Young people, males, and unemployed were more likely to purchase stolen goods. No clear correlation between income and buying stolen goods was found. Focus groups suggest the buyers of stolen goods did not buy stolen goods because they could not afford legitimate products. We recommend targeting consumers not interested in buying stolen goods with information about how to avoid such activity.     

科技进步中的知识产权制度体系研究

科技进步是包含科学技术研发、科学技术研发成果应用于生产流通领域的发展过程,其健康、有序的实现离不开知识产权制度体系的支持与保障.知识产权确权保护制度、知识产权资源公开制度有利于科学技术研发的顺利进行:知识产权许可与转让制度、知识产权的司法救济制度等能充分保障科学技术研发成果在生产流通领域应用中的价值实现:知识产权保险制度、知识产权融资制度等则也能有利于科技进步的健康、有序实现.     

New directions for anti-theft policy: Reductions in stolen goods buyers

This study explores the possibility of reducing theft in the United States through reductions in the number of persons who purchase stolen goods. Theft is conceptualized as a market-oriented offense that can be influenced by changes in consumers' willingness to make blackmarket purchases. Based upon several conservative assumptions about the number and the cost of thefts and the number of purchasers of stolen property in the United States, estimates of reductions in the former through reductions in the latter are calculated. Following these estimates, the issue of how best to accomplish a reduction in the number of persons buying stolen goods is addressed through analysis of data pertaining to individuals' decisions to buy stolen property. Key predictors of purchasing behavior are then reviewed for potential contributions to the inhibition of that behavior. In the final analysis, only one predictor, moral belief, appears to possess practical policy implications.     

知识产权制度的政策科学分析

The intellectual property (IP) system is a key part of the framework of public government policy, the function of which is to maintain a justice order of intellectual right and achieve the benefit goal of knowledge in advance. Modern UK and USA have both gained much effective experiences in terms of IP policies. Developing countries should make a reasonable arrangement with regard to intellectual property system based on the cost-benefit analysis in the framework for the international trade system. China has experienced one-hundred-year history in promoting intellectual property legislation, which suggests a transitional trend from passive transplant to active decision-making in terms of IP policy. The intellectual property policy should be rectified and improved under the overall policy of a creative country.     

Deregulation,property rights,and legal system

During regulation the regulator carries out an intermediary role between shareholders and managers, consequently affecting property rights and the agency relation between the two. Deregulation implies that this intermediary role ceases to exist. This article analyses how government deregulation changes property rights, differentiating between firms of network and non-network structures. Changes in property rights affect the agency relation between shareholders and managers, increasing information asymmetry and agency costs. I argue that the way to reduce agency costs depend to a great extent on the country’s legal system classified as of common or civil law tradition.

我国土地所有权制度对民法典中物权立法的影响

土地公有制与私法理念的差异使我国的物权立法遇到前所未有的挑战,国家土地所有权集民事主体与行政主体于一身,便于政府对土地利用行为进行积极的干预以确保土地的可持续利用,但也可能因为过分的干预而影响土地的利用效率,干预的形式主要应该是对土地规划的严格执行。在社会主义市场经济条件下,与发达国家相比,我国的土地权利体系中缺乏土地下级所有权这样一个中间环节,影响了土地的利用效率。     

Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

完善知识产权制度 优化自主创新环境

自主创新的关键在于"自主",而"自主"有赖于知识产权法律制度的保护,因此,完善知识产权法律保护制度是优化自主创新环境、保护和激励自主创新的关键所在。在不到三十年的时间里,我国建立并极大地发展了知识产权法律制度,但由于起步较晚,尚有诸多不完善的地方。笔者认为:就我国职务发明保护制度来说,发明人应成为职务发明的原始权利人,并有申请专利的权利;就我国驰名商标保护制度来说,应引入驰名商标淡化理论,制定专门法律,加大对驰名商标的保护;就我国的商业秘密保护制度来说,应制定一部专门的商业秘密保护法,明确规定商业秘密的保护范围和构成条件,增加事前预防手段,加大事后处罚力度,同时,还要完善网络环境下商业秘密保护方面的规定。     

台湾知识产权法律制度在20世纪90年代的发展与完善

一、台湾知识产权法律制度变化的背景 蒋介石政府自1949年败退台湾后,至80年代中后期,一直实行一党专制的反共戒严体制,这种专制独裁统治引起了岛内受西方政治思想影响较深的知识分子、中产阶层和新兴党外政治势力的强烈不满,求新求变政治改革的愿望日益增强,参与意识也在不断提高,并逐渐形成一股社会潮流;台独势力也有增大的势头;同时,美国出于其国家利益和全球性战略考虑,敦促国民党政府尽快解除戒严,开放党禁、报禁,加速美式民主政治,给台湾当局施加了压力,严重地影响了台湾政局的稳定.     

科技成果评价体系中的知识产权保护问题

随着知识产权的重要性的日益凸现 ,有关知识产权的保护成为人们日益关心的问题。本文就我国现行的科技成果评价体系在知识产权保护方面存在的缺陷和不足进行分析 ,并提出一些完善科技成果评价体系加强知识产权保护的几点措施     

人格与财产二元权利体系面临的困境与突破--以"人格商品化"为视角展开

人格商品化现象对人格与财产的二元权利体系造成了强烈冲击,由此也引发了诸多理论争议。当下,人格权观点与财产权(二元权利)观点、知识产权观点,分别代表了在人格权制度内部和外部解决人格商品化问题的不同思路。在这三种观点中,人格权与知识产权观点各有自身的不足或缺陷,只有财产权(二元权利)观点才是我国目前解决人格商品化问题的最优选择。     

被执行人财产申报制度的法律适用

新修订的《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》规定的被执行人财产申报制度，在法律适用上应当明确具体而统一的申报主体、适用条件、申报范围、申报时限以及法律责任。     

Operational criteria for the determination of suicide

Suicide is an important public health problem for which we have an inadequate public health database. In the United States, decisions about whether deaths are listed as suicides on death certificates are usually made by a coroner or medical examiner. These certification decisions are frequently marked by a lack of consistency and clarity, and laws and procedures for guiding these decisions vary from state to state and even from county to county. Without explicit criteria to aid in this decision making, coroners or medical examiners may be more susceptible to pressures from families or communities not to certify specific deaths as suicide. In addition, coroners or medical examiners may certify similar deaths differently at different times. The degree to which suicides may be underreported or misclassified is unknown. This makes it impossible to estimate accurately the number of deaths by suicide, to identify risk factors, or to plan and evaluate preventive interventions. To remedy these problems, a working group representing coroners, medical examiners, statisticians, and public health agencies developed operational criteria to assist in the determination of suicide. These criteria are based on a definition of suicide as "death arising from an act inflicted upon oneself with the intent to kill oneself." The purpose of these criteria is to improve the validity and reliability of suicide statistics by: (1) promoting consistent and uniform classifications; (2) making the criteria for decision making in death certification explicit; (3) increasing the amount of information used in decision making; (4) aiding certifiers in exercising their professional judgment; and (5) establishing common standards of practice for the determination of suicide.     

直接追回腐败资产的国际合作机制--以《联合国反腐败公约》资产追回机制为研究视角

建立腐败资产追回机制是构筑我国惩治和预防腐败体系的基础性工程,而直接追回资产机制则是资产追回机制的核心制度.直接追回腐败资产机制由单独提起民事诉讼、命令犯罪分子向遭受侵害国进行补偿或损害赔偿,一国法院或者主管机关作出没收决定时承认另一缔约国对所转移的腐败财产主张的合法所有权等三项具体制度构成.创立独立的法人手段,协调附带民事诉讼与追缴制度,以建立或完善我国与<公约>相适应的制度.     

刑罚权运作的秩序——刑事法制中的“中央与地方”问题研究

刑事法制中的中央与地方问题,表现为与惩治犯罪相关的中央权力与地方权力的分配及其相互关系中出现的紊乱状态。一些地方司法机关根据本地区实际制定施行准司法解释、推出刑事司法制度创新等做法,在一定程度上构成了对统一刑事法制的离心力。合理分配刑事法制中的中央权力与地方权力,理顺二者关系并使之形成良性的运作机制,一方面要完善刑事立法权的行使并通过强化司法权的方式来强化中央权力,另一方面要将脱序的地方公权力行为重新纳入到统一法制中,并主要通过强化司法权的行使实现对地方权力的制约。     

Using feminist judgments in the property law classroom

This article describes how the Feminist Judgments book will be used as a resource for a new, compulsory LLB property law module. The module (which was still in the planning stages at the point of writing) takes the development of co-ownership law as its subject matter. Students will be guided to read cases that reveal both the evolution of different legal solutions to co-ownership disputes and the gendered situations of the parties concerned, and will be assessed in part by writing a judgment of their own. The feminist judgments will provide students with models of feminist analysis and judgment-writing. The aim is to bring feminist scholarship into the core curriculum and to learn useful critical, research and writing skills.     

美国、欧盟知识产权海关保护制度简介

近年来,我国出口到欧美国家的货物履次遭到欧 美海关以侵犯知识产权为理由而给予的扣留, 给我国出口企业造成了巨大的损失。为了帮助 我国进出口企业了解欧美海关知识产权保护的有关法律 制度,避免出口到欧美地区的货物受到欧美海关的查处, 或在应对欧美海关查处的时候能够利用有关法律规定保 护自己的合法权益,我们认为有必要就欧美海关知识产 权保护有关法律制度作一简要介绍。