技术秘密侵权案中公知技术的法律问题研究

由于技术秘密权利边界的模糊性和内容的广泛性,现实中有人随意地将一些不属于技术秘密的技术信息纳入技术秘密的范畴请求保护。由此,法院在审理技术秘密的案件中,有必要分清受保护的技术秘密和不受保护的公知技术,将技术秘密留给权利人,将公知技术留给社会公众。在这种平衡过程中,合理确定技术秘密的范围是审理的关键。     

科技法律责任的特性与制度优化

科学技术在为人类社会带来便利的同时也带来了许多科技风险.在风险社会中完善的科技法律责任对科技社会法律治理、科技法律体系化建设、传统法律责任体系突破、科技强国建设以及科学技术标准化发展都具有重要意义.通过对中国现有主要科技基本法律文本的分析,可以看出中国现行科技法律责任体现为三大传统法律责任的综合,且其中行政法律责任占据...     

节约型社会科技法律促进机制研究

科技法律是节约型社会的重要促进因素。节约型社会科技法律促进机制可以分为政府主导型、市场诱导型、综合协调型三种类型。在中国现阶段,可以采取综合协调型节约型社会科技法律促进机制,但又重点依赖政府主导型节约型社会科技法律促进机制来推动节约科技进步与节约型社会建设。根据节约型社会科技法律促进机制类型选择,我们发现中国节约型社会科技法律促进机制目前在科技立法、科技执法、科技司法、科技法律实施监督等方面存在诸多现实困境,必须采取以下措施进一步完善:第一,与时俱进地推进与完善科技立法;第二,循序渐进地改革与强化科技执法;第三,因势利导地改革与完善科技司法;第四,因地制宜地实施与推进法律监督;第五,竭尽所能地强化科技法制宣教。     

A Rich Vision of Technology Transfer Technology Value Management

This paper considers technology transfer from a holistic perspective, defining and integrating all essential elements. Technology, technology ownership, and technology transfer are defined to enable practical management of the value of technology as an organizational asset. Concepts from value-chain movement of technology in commercial product development are used to develop a complete, detailed vision of technology transfer across corporate boundaries. Lessons enable development of a productive technology-transfer function that will speed evolution of technology to product and enable creation of new wealth.     

技术社会学研究的兴起与现状

早期的技术史家以及科学社会学家从技术的外部宽泛地讨论技术与社会的关系，强调把技术作为一种社会现象，从社会的角度来解释人类的技术活动，其研究成果为技术社会学的形成奠定了必要的基础。20世纪80年代，在S偈研究出现“技术转向”的背景下，一批研究突破了技术与社会的边界，将“技术一社会”视为一个整体化型式，从技术的内部考察技术的社会特征，从而形成技术社会学的三种主要经验研究纲领。进入90年代以后，原有的研究纲领继续得到发展，同时，由于人类学家、化研究等介入技术的社会研究，技术社会学开始演变成一个多元化的跨学科研究领域。     

Free Speech,Crime, and the Challenge of Advancing Technology

Speech technology has developed rapidly and has taken many different forms. One form of this technology, the internet, poses a difficult challenge for society because of the way that it provides children with easy access to various forms of 'indecent' material. US courts have struggled with the problem of how to reconcile the internet, and other more advanced technologies, with traditional First Amendment free speech doctrine. For many years, US courts distinguished between so-called 'traditional forms' of technology, and other forms of technology, in particular broadcast technology. While the courts have always provided strong protections for traditional forms of technology, they have provided less protection to broadcast technology. Importantly, the internet challenges the dichotomy between 'traditional' technology and broadcast technology, and has forced the US Supreme Court to reconsider its precedents relating to technology. This reconsideration has made it more difficult to regulate the internet for the 'health, welfare and morals' of society. This paper analyses the scope of government authority in light of recent precedent.     

我国农村科技服务体系建设探析

随着我国农业和农村经济的进一步发展,农民的科技意识日益增强,农民对科技服务的需求更加迫切,传统的农村科技服务体系已不适应新型农村经济发展的要求。因此,构建新型农村科技服务体系已成为目前我国经济社会发展的重要课题。本文分析了我国农村科技服务体系建设的发展现状,并就存在的主要问题提出了相关建议,以期推进我国农村科技服务体系建设的发展。     

人类克隆技术的专利保护

随着生物技术特别是克隆技术的发展,人类克隆技术是否受到专利法的保护成为备受人们关注的问题。由于人 类克隆技术涉及到人类伦理道德和公序良俗等问题,现在许多国家都把此类技术排除在专利保护之外。但是,人 类克隆技术不等于克隆人的技术,克隆也不等同于生殖性克隆,不加区分地禁止人类克隆技术是不利于克隆技术 发展的。况且,本质上来说反对克隆人不是专利法的任务。我们应该尽快制定关于禁止生殖性克隆的法律,而对 于其他的人类克隆技术则可以毫无阻碍地获得专利保护,这样既可以保护社会和公众的利益,又可以推动克隆技 术的更快发展。     

University Technology Transfer: Do Incentives, Management, and Location Matter?

University technology transfer activities are increasingly important as a source of regional economic development and revenue for the university. We use regression analysis, a two-stage model and the most recent data to examine the determinants of technology transfer. Our analysis strongly support four factors, not previously examined in the literature, enhancing university technology transfer: greater rewards for faculty involvement in technology transfer, location of the university in a region with a concentration of high technology firms, a clear university mission in support of technology transfer and the experience of the university's technology transfer office.     

网络电子证据取证技术与反取证技术研究

随着网络技术的发展,计算机网络犯罪现象日趋严重。为了有效地打击网络犯罪行为,完善网络电子证据立法基础,取证技术专家不仅要研究网络取证相关技术,同时还必须对网络反取证技术充分进行研究。通过研究反取证技术来促进取证技术的提高,这样才能在网络取证过程中拓宽思路,提高获取有效证据的效率。     

贸易摩擦背景下美国在华专利布局与中美技术竞争

围绕日趋激烈的中美科技竞争,本文使用WIPO专利申请数据,对美国在华专利布局的演进特征和优势领域进行了实证分析,并构造技术相似度指数衡量中美在我国市场的技术竞争程度。结果显示:美国在华专利申请保持年均10%的快速增长并呈现明显的阶段性攀升,形成了一批以生物技术和信息技术为代表的稳定优势技术领域。美国企业更加重视在科学密集型子领域的专利布局,通过这些领域的技术优势支撑了美国在高技术产业重点领域对我国的贸易顺差。以技术相似度指数测算,美国在华技术布局与中国自主技术布局的整体相似程度呈"V"型演化关系,从技术互补逐渐转向技术竞争,2010年后两国技术相似度维持高位,技术竞争呈常态化白热化局面。     

计算机网络证据的取证研究

计算机网络的快速发展巨大地改变着人们的生活，但同时网络犯罪也呈现骤增的趋势，为了有效地打击犯罪，必须研究与网络犯罪相关的侦查技术，而计算机取证是其中最重要的环节之一。计算机取证的主要工具，主要技术和采用方法都有别与传统犯罪的取证，并随着科学技术和犯罪的发展而产生着相应的变化。     

Doing technology transfer in federal laboratories (Part 1)

According to data from the Congressional General Accounting Office and the Association of University Technology Managers, the federal laboratories seriously lag some universities in rates of technology transfer. This paper, based on interviews with technology-transfer professionals in federal laboratories and universities, discusses the phenomenon of technology transfer, highlighting subjects such as technology push and market pull, cooperative R&D, technology licensing, start-up companies, information-dissemination and technology-search programs, technology transfer and local development, models of technology-transfer programs, limits to federal technology transfer, and measurement of technology transfer. It concludes that the explanation for the difference in technology-transfer rates between federal laboratories and universities is due primarily to the way technology-transfer opportunities are marketed in the two sectors.     

区块链技术下数字版权保护管理模式创新研究

区块链技术能够准确、及时、完整地记录数字版权产生、使用、交易、许可及转让等一系列过程,解决数字版权确权、交易问题,也为侵权行为的追踪提供支撑。因此,区块链技术的出现,为当前数字版权管理提供了新的选择:构建了分布式账本区块链技术登记确权共信机制、智能合约区块链技术的数字版权交易履行机制、时间戳区块链技术版权电子证据存证溯源机制、智能合约区块链技术数字版权监管机制等四大机制,探索出版权确权、交易和维权一体化的版权管理模式创新路径,并从法律、技术、标准等角度建立统一的数字版权保护管理创新模式。     

Technology Transfer: A Contextual Approach

A corporation views effective technology transfer as a necessary element for successful operations. Politicians and Government agencies view technology transfer as critical to a competitive domestic economy. This paper compares and contrasts the technology transfer motives and methods of a corporation and a Government research and technology agency to analyze differences. The analysis reveals that the context, or environment, and the motives of the particular organizational level both reflect the method of technology transfer employed. Motives are not necessarily homogenous across organization levels. Therefore, the successful implementation of technology transfer depends upon creating an environment that will capitalize on the motives that exist at each level, and taking an approach that reflects those motives. The Government approach is to broadcast available technology, whereas that of the corporation is to control its release by targeting recipients. For more effective technology transfer, the Government approach should be augmented by a second stage that considers the individual employee's motivation. Therefore, on the basis of the findings, a two-stage approach to successful Government technology transfer is recommended.     

An applied technology transfer process

The applied technology transfer process is a communication process based on planning, marketing, and training. Planning is the single most important element, while pre-planning is also essential. The marketing part of applied technology transfer involves an in-depth knowledge of both consumers and products. A sound knowledge of media is also essential. The marketing step is the key delivery or transfer element. Applied technology transfer is a system that requires skills such as management and communication techniques which can be learned in traditional academic courses. However, other skills such as applied human relations are more easily learned under a supervised workshop approach. More complex technology transfer systems require additional training on a continuing education basis. The development of technology transfer learning centers can also be useful. Applied technology transfer is a research investment rather than a cost. It is the technology transfer process that insures the timely application of research effort. Research pay-off is derived from use of research products. Thus, applied technology transfer represents research delivery insurance.     

公司IT化的若干法律问题

公司ＩＴ化是在现代电子技术的基础上发展起来的一种公司制度，得到了经济发达国家的高度重视；公司ＩＴ化的形式包括公司电子信息化服务、股东会议电子化、股东权行使的电子化等；在公司ＩＴ化过程中，公司电子文件的签名和传输、股东电子表决权等具有自己特殊的规则；我国尚没有公司ＩＴ化方面的规范性文件，应当在借鉴国外经验的基础上，确立公司ＩＴ化的法律规则。     

DNA条形码技术在法医昆虫学中的研究进展

嗜尸性昆虫的准确鉴定是应用昆虫判断死亡时间的先决条件,但是昆虫的鉴定只有相关类群的昆虫专家能够鉴定。DNA条形码（DNA Barcoding）技术是利用一个或少数几个DNA片段对地球上现有物种进行识别和鉴定的一项新技术。这一技术给生物分类研究带来了空前的繁荣,同时也给法医昆虫学中各昆虫种类的鉴别研究带来新的动力。     

DNA数据库比对技术在刑事侦查中运用的合宪性问题

DNA数据库比对技术实质上是基因检测技术和大数据处理技术相结合的产物。DNA数据库比对技术可以精确锁定犯罪嫌疑人,由于其强大的证明能力而被广泛地运用于刑事侦查,各国都积极推动DNA数据库的建立。DNA数据库比对技术在维护了社会安全的同时也对公民基因隐私构成极大威胁。如何在技术的运用和隐私权保障之间做出更好的平衡,是DNA比对技术的合宪性争议的中心。廓清了合宪性问题,我们才可以更好地制定相关法律,消弭合宪性问题,在保障公民隐私权的同时也更好地维护社会安全。     

Is the risk of North–South technology transfer failure an obstacle to a cooperative climate change agreement?

We setup a stylized model with endogenous North–South technology transfer for climate change mitigation. We theoretically identify the driving factors that enhance or hinder cooperation with socially optimal binding targets on emissions and on investment in technology transfer. We find that the risk of technology transfer failure creates an obstacle to the achievement of the cooperative agreement: under cooperation, the South will have to fulfill the emissions target at high costs if technology transfer fails. Under non-cooperation without any binding targets, the North still has an intrinsic motivation to reduce emissions in the South at low costs via technology transfer; and the South does not have the pressure to fulfill an emissions target. As a result, non-cooperation shifts part of the costs of a technology transfer failure from the poor South to the rich North and can thus be preferable for the South. Two policy implications for achieving the cooperative solution are derived: first, the South should be insured against or compensated for a technology transfer failure. Second, an agreement on technology transfer should be formulated in terms of emissions reductions or low-carbon technology capacities that are to be achieved rather than in terms of monetary payments with uncertain effects on emissions. We discuss the model results in the context of empirical facts and current developments.